The Rehnquist Court: Justices, Rulings, and Legacy (ABC-CLIO Supreme Court Handbooks)

461 Pages·2006·2.04 MB·English

by  Thomas R. Hensley

The Rehnquist Court
ABC-CLIO SUPREME COURT HANDBOOKS
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ABC-CLIO SUPREME COURT HANDBOOKS
The Rehnquist Court
Justices,
Rulings, and
Legacy
Thomas R. Hensley
With
Kathleen Hale
Auburn University
Carl Snook
Michigan State University
ABC-CLIO
Santa Barbara, California • Denver, Colorado • Oxford, England
Copyright © 2006 by ABC-CLIO
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Hensley, Thomas R.
The Rehnquist court : justices, rulings, and legacy / Thomas R. Hensley with
Kathleen Hale, Carl Snook.
p. cm. — (ABC-CLIO Supreme Court handbooks)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 1-57607-200-2 (hardcover : alk. paper) — ISBN 1-57607-560-5 (ebook)
1. United States. Supreme Court—History. 2. Rehnquist, William H., 1924-2005.
3. Constitutional history—United States. 4. Conservatism—United States.
I. Hale, Kathleen. II. Snook, Carl. III. Title. IV. Series.
KF8742.H46 2006
347.73'26—dc22
2006011011
09 08 07 06 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
This book is also available on the World Wide Web as an e-book. Visit
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ABC-CLIO, Inc.
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This book is printed on acid-free paper ∞∞ .
Manufactured in the United States of America
To my parents, Earl and Ada Hensley,
and my in-laws, Ralph and Lois Robertson,
whose love and support have made all the difference.

Contents
Series Foreword, xi
Preface and Acknowledgments, xv
PART ONE
Justices, Rulings, and Legacy, 1
1 The Rehnquist Court and the Period, 3
Introduction and Overview, 3
The Warren Court, 1953–1969, 6
The Burger Court, 1969–1986, 8
The Rehnquist Court and the Reagan Appointments, 11
The Rehnquist Court and the Bush Appointments, 18
The Rehnquist Court and the Clinton Appointments, 22
The Rehnquist Court, 1994–2005, 24
Conclusion, 28
Notes, 29
References, 29
2 The Justices, 31
Introduction and Overview, 31
Eisenhower Appointment, 36
William J. Brennan, 36
Kennedy Appointment, 41
Byron White, 41
Johnson Appointment, 45
Thurgood Marshall, 45
Nixon Appointments, 49
Harry A. Blackmun, 49
vii
viii
Contents
Lewis F. Powell Jr., 54
William Hubbs Rehnquist, 56
Ford Appointment, 61
John Paul Stevens, 61
Reagan Appointments, 65
Sandra Day O’Connor, 65
Antonin Scalia, 70
Anthony M. Kennedy, 75
George H.W. Bush Appointments, 80
David H. Souter, 80
Clarence Thomas, 85
Clinton Appointments, 90
Ruth Bader Ginsburg, 90
Stephen Breyer, 94
References, 98
3 The Rulings, 101
Establishment Clause, 102
Free Exercise of Religion, 111
Freedom of Expression, 119
Obscenity, 133
Guarantees of the Criminally Accused, 144
The Fourth Amendment and Unreasonable
Searches and Seizures, 147
Warrantless Searches, 150
Exclusionary Rule, 160
The Fifth Amendment Guarantees of Protection against
Self-Incrimination and Double Jeopardy, 164
The Guarantee against Compelled Self-Incrimination, 168
The Guarantee against Double Jeopardy, 175
The Sixth Amendment Guarantees of Counsel and a
Fair Trial, 177
Right to Counsel, 182
Fair Trial Guarantees of the Sixth Amendment, 186
The Eighth Amendment Guarantee against Cruel and Unusual
Punishments, 191
Eighth Amendment Capital Punishment Cases, 195
Eighth Amendment Noncapital Punishment Cases, 202
The Terrorism Cases of 2004, 204
ix
Contents
The Takings Clause, 207
Equal Protection and Race, 216
Equal Protection and Gender, 230
Affirmative Action, 243
Other Equal Protection Cases, 256
Privacy and Abortion, 262
Federalism, 275
Government Powers, 287
Conclusion, 293
Notes, 293
References, 293
4 Legacy and Impact, 295
First Amendment: The Establishment Clause, 296
First Amendment: The Free Exercise of Religion, 297
First Amendment: Freedom of Expression, 299
Obscenity, 300
The Fourth Amendment and Unreasonable Searches
and Seizures, 301
The Fifth Amendment, 303
The Sixth Amendment Jury Trial Guarantees, 305
The Eighth Amendment Protection against Cruel and
Unusual Punishments, 307
Takings Clause, 308
Race and Equal Protection, 309
Equal Protection and Gender, 310
Affirmative Action, 311
Other Equal Protection Cases, 313
Privacy and Abortion, 314
Federalism, 316
Government Powers, 317
Conclusions, 318
PART TWO
Reference Materials, 323
Key People, Laws, and Events, 325
Chronology, 365
x
Contents
List of Cases, 375
Glossary, 385
Annotated Bibliography, 403
Index, 425
About the Authors, 443