The Rehabilitation Specialist's Handbook

1297 Pages·2012·115.06 MB·English

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FOURTH EDITION
THE
REHABILITATION
SPECIALIST’S
H A N D B O O K
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FOURTH EDITION
THE
REHABILITATION
SPECIALIST’S
H A N D B O O K
Serge H. Roy,ScD, PT
Research Professor
NeuroMuscular Research Center, and
Sargent College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences
Boston University
Boston, Massachusetts
Steven L. Wolf, PhD, PT, FAPTA, FAHA
Associate Professor, Department of Cell Biology
Emory University School of Medicine Center for Rehabilitation Medicine
Atlanta, Georgia
Professor, Health and Elder Care
Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing at Emory University
Senior Research Scientist, Atlanta VA Rehab R&D Center
David A. Scalzitti, PhD, PT, OCS
Associate Editor, Evidence-Based Resources
American Physical Therapy Association
Alexandria, Virginia
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F. A. Davis Company
1915 Arch Street
Philadelphia, PA 19103
www.fadavis.com
Copyright © 2013 by F. A. Davis Company
All rights reserved. This product is protected by copyright. No part of it may
be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by
any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise,
without written permission from the publisher.
Printed in the United States of America
Last digit indicates print number: 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Roy, Serge H., 1949-
The rehabilitation specialist’s handbook / Serge H. Roy, Steven L. Wolf, David
A. Scalzitti.—4th ed.
p. ; cm.
Rev. ed. of: The rehabilitation specialist’s handbook / Jonathan M. Rothstein ...
[et al.]. 3rd ed. c2005.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-8036-3906-5—ISBN 0-8036-3906-6
I. Wolf, Steven L. II. Scalzitti, David A. III. Rehabilitation specialist’s
handbook. IV. Title.
[DNLM: 1. Rehabilitation—Handbooks. 2. Physical Therapy Modalities—
Handbooks. WB 39]
617.03—dc23
2012041574
Editor-in-Chief:Margaret M. Biblis
Acquisitions Editor:Melissa A. Duffield
Senior Developmental Editor:Jennifer A. Pine
Manager of Content Development:George W. Lang
Art and Design Manager:Carolyn O’Brien
As new scientific information becomes available through basic and clinical research,
recommended treatments and drug therapies undergo changes. The author(s) and
publisher have done everything possible to make this book accurate, up to date, and
in accord with accepted standards at the time of publication. The author(s), editors,
and publisher are not responsible for errors or omissions or for consequences from
application of the book, and make no warranty, expressed or implied, in regard to
the contents of the book. Any practice described in this book should be applied by
the reader in accordance with professional standards of care used in regard to the
unique circumstances that may apply in each situation. The reader is advised always
to check product information (package inserts) for changes and new information
regarding dose and contraindications before administering any drug. Caution is
especially urged when using new or infrequently ordered drugs.
1960_FM_i-xxiv 15/11/12 8:30 PM Page v
Preface
This Fourth Edition of the Rehabilitation Specialist’s Handbookis a testament
to the fact that information, and the technology for communicating it, has
expanded at an exponential rate. While many of the early attributes designed for
easy access in the Handbook have been retained, this one edition has undergone
more extensive modifications than all previous editions combined. We may have
even reached the point at which the term “revision” is outdated, because the new
content in Edition 4 has surpassed that retained from previous editions.
If this is your first exposure to the Handbook, then these changes are
inconsequential . . . just enjoy the book, and make full use of our efforts to keep
pace with the times. To those of you who have consulted previous Handbook
editions, we hope you will continue to appreciate the fact that we have not com-
promised our goal of providing you with information that is easily retrievable,
substantive, and relevant to rehabilitation practice.
When first opening this book, you will notice that the content has been
completely reorganized into sections that emphasize its relationship to rehabil-
itation practices, such as “Tools and Essentials for Practice,” “Specialty Areas
of Practice,” and “Resources for Practice.” More generalized information for
the different body systems is now listed in a separate section. Each of the com-
ponents within these sections has been expanded significantly—not only by
updating the material from the third edition, but also by adding new sections
that reflect either the growing importance of specific sub-specialties in reha-
bilitation (Women’s Health, Oncology, Genetics, and Geriatrics), and new
technological advancements that provide resources for practice (Prosthetics,
Orthotics, Wheelchairs and Seating). The specialty areas and resources for
practice have been particularly strengthened by recruiting experts in the field
to co-author sections, or components within them, that have been revised, or in
some cases originated, so that the content truly reflects contemporary, clinical
expertise. These individuals, to whom we are greatly indebted, are listed promi-
nently immediately following the Preface.
You may then notice that this edition offers a full-color re-design of the
pages including easier-to-read tables and over 400 completely new illustrations.
For the first time, photographs and digital imaging combine with full-color
anatomical illustrations and other line drawings to more effectively convey in-
formation. The re-design also integrates a color-coded organizational structure
(colored section tabs, outlines, etc.) making it simpler to find information.
We acknowledge with profound appreciation that past editions of the
Handbookhave been used widely by students while acquiring their clinical
experiences and to prepare for licensure examinations. Although not specifically
designed for examination preparation, students have recognized over the years
that the Handbook has the depth and breadth of information to provide a
valuable and unique resource for retrieving information that will make them
better prepared for successfully completing this important milestone in their
professional lives. Feedback from students over the years on Handbook content
has been an extremely valuable resource. We are thankful for your input and
v
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vi Preface
welcome future generations of students to these pages to continue this important
dialogue.
One of the most important changes, in terms of “keeping contemporary,”
may be the least recognizable. Handbook 4has been prepared so that it can be
made available in contemporary digital format to support its use on a variety
of portable devices that have become a mainstay of our professional and
personal lives.
The Greek philosopher Aristotle is credited with the pensive and insightful
statement that “change in all things is sweet.” While certainly true in reflecting
on the new developments in Handbook 4, one change, the loss of our dear
co-founding author Jules Rothstein, is a profound exception that leaves a void
in this evolving process, as well as in our personal and professional lives. We
miss his friendship and brilliance in co-authoring the original text, and guiding
us on past revisions. It is fitting that Dr. David Scalzitti, who was mentored
by Jules, should now assume the role of co-author on Handbook 4, joining
co-founding authors Drs. Serge Roy and Steven Wolf. David has made
invaluable contributions to past editions, and has earned this advancement from
hard work and insightful contributions. He has also earned our respect and
appreciation.
S.H. Roy
Boston, 2011
S.L. Wolf
Atlanta, 2011
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Contributors
Hilmir Agustsson, MHSc, DPT, MTC, CFC
University of St. Augustine
St. Augustine, Florida
Doris Armour, MD
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine
Emory University
Atlanta, Georgia
Diane Beckwith, PT, ATP
Center for Rehabilitation Medicine
Emory University
Atlanta, Georgia
Sarah Blanton, DPT, NCS
Division of Physical Therapy
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine
Emory University School of Medicine
Atlanta, Georgia
Charles D. Ciccone, PhD, PT,
Department of Physical Therapy
School of Health Sciences and Human Performance
Ithaca College
Ithaca, New York
Catherine L. Curtis, EdD, PT
Department of Physical Therapy
School of Health Sciences & Practice
Institute of Public Health
New York Medical College
Valhalla, New York
Edelle Field-Fote, PhD, PT
Department of Physical Therapy
University of Miami Miller School of Medicine
Miami, Florida
Wendy Gilleard, BAppSc, MSc, PhD
School of Health and Human Sciences
Southern Cross University
Lismore, NSW AUSTRALIA
Allon Goldberg, PhD, PT
Department of Physical Therapy
Wayne State University
Detroit, Michigan
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viii Contributors
Courtney Hall, PhD, PT
Auditory and Vestibular Dysfunction REAP
James H. Quillen VA Medical Center
Mountain Home, Tennessee
Susan Herdman, PhD, PT, FAPTA
Division of Physical Therapy
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine
Emory University School of Medicine
Atlanta, Georgia
Jeffrey Hoder, PhD, PT, DPT, NCS
Department of Neurology
Virginia Commonwealth University
Richmond, Virginia
Christopher Hovorka, MS, CPO, LPO, FAAOP
Prosthetics and Orthotics Program
School of Applied Physiology
Georgia Institute of Technology
Atlanta, Georgia
Zoher Kapasi, PhD, PT, MBA
Division of Physical Therapy
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine
Emory University School of Medicine
Atlanta, Georgia
Robert Kistenberg, MPH, CP, LP, FAAOP
Prosthetics and Orthotics Program
School of Applied Physiology
Georgia Institute of Technology
Atlanta, Georgia
Aimee B. Klein, DPT, DSc, OCS
Department of Physical Therapy
School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences
MGH Institute of Health Professions
Boston, Massachusetts
Geza Kogler, PhD, CO
Prosthetics and Orthotics Program
School of Applied Physiology
Georgia Institute of Technology
Atlanta, Georgia
Andréa Leiserowitz, MPT, CLT
Oncology Physical Therapy
Eugene, Oregon
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Contributors ix
Edward Mahoney, MSPT, DPT, CWS
Department of Rehabilitation Sciences
School of Allied Health Professions
LSU Health Sciences Center
Shreveport, Louisiana
Irene McEwen, PT, DPT, PhD, FAPTA
The Department of Rehabilitation Sciences
College of Allied Health
University of Oklahoma HSC
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
David Pleva, PT, Dip.MDT
Community Physical Therapy
Addison, Illinois
Chris Rorden, PhD
Center for Advanced Brain Imaging
Medical University of South Carolina
Charleston, South Carolina
Elizabeth Benson Smith
Habersham Medical Center
Demorest, Georgia
Anthony Y. Stringer, PhD, ABPP/CN, CPCRT
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine (Neuropsychology)
Emory University School of Medicine
Atlanta, Georgia
Anne Swisher, PT, PhD, CCS
Department of Physical Therapy
School of Medicine-Human Performance
West Virginia University
Morgantown, West Virginia
Elise Townsend, DPT, PhD, PCS
Department of Physical Therapy
School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences
MGH Institute of Health Professions
Boston, Massachusetts
Michael T. Wexler, BS
Department of Biomedical Engineering
College of Engineering
Boston University
Boston, Massachusetts
Heather Wilsey, PT, DPT, NCS, CSCS
Habersham Medical Center
Demorest, Georgia