The regulation of agricultural biotechnology

315 Pages·2004·2.4 MB·English

by  Robert Eugene Evenson

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The Regulation of Agricultural Biotechnology
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The Regulation of Agricultural
Biotechnology
Edited by
R.E. Evenson
Economic Growth Center
Yale University
New Haven, Connecticut
USA
and
V. Santaniello
Department of Economics and Institutions
University of Rome ‘TorVergata’
Rome
Italy
CABI Publishing
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CABIPublishing is a division of CAB International
CABIPublishing CABIPublishing
CAB International 875 Massachusetts Avenue
Wallingford 7th Floor
Oxfordshire OX10 8DE Cambridge, MA 02139
UK USA
Tel: [phone] Tel: [phone]
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E-mail:[email protected] E-mail:[email protected]
Web site:www.cabi-publishing.org
©CABInternational 2004. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be
reproduced in any form or by any means, electronically, mechanically, by photocopying,
recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owners.
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library, London, UK.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
The regulation of agricultural biotechnology / edited byR.E. Evenson
and V. Santaniello.
p. cm.
Selected papers from a conference of the International Consortium on
Agricultural Biotechnology Research (ICABR), held July 2002 in Ravello,
Italy.
Includes bibliographical references.
ISBN 0-85199-742-2 (alk. paper)
1. Agricultural biotechnology--Law and legislation. 2. Agricultural
biotechnology--Research. I. Evenson, Robert E. (Robert Eugene), 1934-
II. Santaniello, V. III. International Consortium on Agricultural
Biotechnology Research.
K3925.B56R44 2004
631.5′23--dc21
2003014503
ISBN 0 85199 742 2
Typeset by AMADataSetLtd, UK.
Printed and bound in the UK byBiddlesLtd, King’s Lynn.
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Contents
Contributors ix
Acknowledgements xiii
Editors’ Introduction xv
PART 1: INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW
1 Regulation of GM Crops: Shaping an International Regime 1
Robert L.Paarlberg, Raymond F. Hopkins and LisaLadewski
PART 2: EVOLVING REGULATION SYSTEMS
2 The EvolvingGMOFood Trade Policy Debate:Towards a Global Regulatory
Regime? 25
Philip Katz, Penny Macdonald and Gordon Mackenzie
3 International Proposals to Regulate Intellectual Property Rights in Plant
Genetic Resources 35
MichaelBlakeney
4 Genetically Engineered Food Labelling:Global Policy Polarization 53
LydiaZepeda
5 Conflict and Consensus-building: International Commercial Policy and
Agricultural Biotechnology 59
Jill E.Hobbs, William A. Kerr, J.D.Gaisford, Grant Isaac and Kurt K. Klein
6 The Rationale BehindWTOAgreements and AgriculturalGMOControversy 67
RobertoEspostiandAlessandroSorrentino
7 Trade Restrictions on Genetically Engineered Foods: the Application of
theTBTAgreement 79
DirkHeumuellerand TimJosling
v
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vi Contents
PART 3: REGULATION AND INNOVATION
8 Environmental Liability and Research and Development in Biotechnology:
a Real Options Approach 89
OdinKnudsenandPasqualeL.Scandizzo
9 Should the Public Sector ConductGenomicsR&D? 97
AnwarNaseem and James F. Oehmke
10 The Case for DifferentiatedAppropriabilityin Intellectual Property Rights
for Plant Varieties 109
Frank vanTongerenand Derek Eaton
11 Biotechnology and Developing Countries: the Struggle over Intellectual
Property Rights and Implications forBiodiversityConservation 119
OttavioJanni
12 Intellectual Property Strategy in the Context of Inter-organizational
Relations: the Case of International Agricultural Research 127
EranBinenbaumand Philip G. Pardey
PART 4: REGULATIONS, MARKET STRUCTURES AND INNOVATION
13 R&D Incentives for GM Seeds: Restricted Monopoly, Non-market Effects,
and Regulation 143
Robert D. Weaver
14 Agricultural Biotech R&D Structure: Cyclical or Not? 153
James F. Oehmke, Christopher A. Wolf, Kellie C. Raper and Anwar Naseem
15 The Innovation System inAgro-foodBiotechnology – is it European? 161
Klaus Menrad and Thomas Reiss
16 How Firm Characteristics Influence Innovative Activity in Agricultural
Biotechnology 171
Cassandra Klotz-Ingram,David Schimmelpfennig,AnwarNaseem,John King and
Carl Pray
PART 5: REGULATION AND MARKET DEVELOPMENT
17 Dynamic Pricing of GM Crop Traits 183
Richard Perrin andLilyanFulginiti
18 Identity Preservation, Segregation and Traceability: Marketplace Features
and Uses 191
Stuart Smyth and Peter W.B. Phillips
19 Segmentation ofGMOandnon-GMOSoybean Markets under Identity
Preservation Costs and Government Price Supports 201
Troy G. Schmitz, Charles B. Moss and AndrewSchmitz
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Contents vii
20 EU Traceability and the US Soybean Sector 211
Gregory K. Price, Fred Kuchler and BarryKrissoff
21 Segregation of Non-biotech Maize and Soybeans: Who Bears the Cost? 221
William Lin and D.DemceyJohnson
PART 6: ECONOMIC IMPACTS
22 Future Impact of New Technologies: Three Scenarios, their Competence
Gaps and Research Implications 231
HanneHarmsen,Anne-MetteSonne andBirgerBoutrupJensen
23 Ex AnteWelfare Effects of Agricultural Biotechnology in the European
Union: the Case of Transgenic Herbicide Tolerant Sugarbeet 239
MattyDemontand EricTollens
24 The Economic Impacts of Agricultural Biotechnology on International
Trade, Consumers, and Producers: the Case of Maize and Soybeans in
the USA 257
Andrew P.Barkley
Index 277
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Contributors
Barkley, A.P., Department of Agricultural Economics, Kansas State University, Manhattan,
KS 66506-4011, USA.
Binenbaum,E.,School of Economics, Adelaide University, SA 5005, Australia.
Blakeney, M., Queen Mary Intellectual Property Research Institute, CCLS, Queen Mary,
University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK.
Demont, M.,DepartmentofAgriculturalandEnvironmentalEconomics,KatholiekeUniversiteit
Leuven, De Croylaan 42, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
Eaton,D.,AgriculturalEconomicsResearchInstitute(LEI),WageningenUniversityandResearch
Centre, PO Box 29703, The Hague 2502 LS, The Netherlands.
Esposti,R.,Dipartimento di Economia, Universitá Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
Fulginiti,L.,DepartmentofAgriculturalEconomics,307CFYH,UniversityofNebraska,Lincoln,
NE 68583-0922, USA.
Gaisford, J.D., Department of Economics, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW,
Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.
Harmsen, H., The MAPP Centre, Aarhus School of Business, Haslegaardsvej 10, DK-8210
Aarhus V., Denmark.
Heumueller,D.,School of Law, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Hobbs, J.E., Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus
Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7W 5AB, Canada.
Hopkins, R.F., Department of Political Science, Swarthmore College, 500 College Avenue,
Swarthmore, PA 19081, USA.
Isaac, G., Chair in Biotechnology Management, College of Commerce, University of
Saskatchewan, 25 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5A7, Canada.
Janni, O., Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Instituto Sperimentale di Studi Socio-Economici
sull’Innovazione e le Politiche delle Ricerca, Milan, Italy.
Jensen, B.B., The MAPP Centre, Aarhus School of Business, Haslegaardsvej 10, DK–8210
Aarhus V., Denmark.
Johnson,D.D.,FieldCropsBranch,MarketandTradeEconomicsDivision,EconomicResearch
Service, US Department of Agriculture, 1800 M Street, N.W., Rm 55206, Washington,
DC 20036–5831, USA.
Josling, T., Institute for International Studies, Stanford University, Encina Hall Central,
616 Serra Street, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Katz,P.,Crowell&MoringLLP,1001PennsylvaniaAvenue,NWWashington,DC20004–2595,
USA.
ix
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