The Regional Dimensions to Security: Other Sides of Afghanistan

299 Pages·2013·3.58 MB·English

by  Aglaya Snetkov

NewSecurityChallenges
General Editor: Stuart Croft, Professor of International Security in the Department of Politics and
International Studies at the University of Warwick, UK, and Director of the ESRC’s New Security
ChallengesProgramme.
Thelastdecadedemonstratedthatthreatstosecurityvarygreatlyintheircausesandmanifestations,and
thattheyinviteinterestanddemandresponsesfromthesocialsciences,civilsocietyandaverybroad
policycommunity.Inthepast,theavoidanceofwarwastheprimaryobjective,butwiththeendofthe
ColdWartheretentionofmilitarydefenceasthecentrepieceofinternationalsecurityagendabecame
untenable.Therehasbeen,therefore,asignificantshiftinemphasisawayfromtraditionalapproachesto
securitytoanewagendathattalksofthesoftersideofsecurity,intermsofhumansecurity,economic
securityandenvironmentalsecurity.ThetopicalNewSecurityChallengesSeriesreflectsthispressingpolitical
andresearchagenda.
Titlesinclude:
AbdulHaqqBaker
EXTREMISTSINOURMIDST
ConfrontingTerror
RobinCameron
SUBJECTSOFSECURITY
DomesticEffectsofForeignPolicyintheWaronTerror
JonCoaffee,DavidMurakami-WoodandPeterRogers
THEEVERYDAYRESILIENCEOFTHECITY
HowCitiesRespondtoTerrorismandDisaster
SharylCross,SavoKentera,R.CraigNationandRadovanVukadinovic(editors)
SHAPINGSOUTHEASTEUROPE’SSECURITYCOMMUNITYFORTHETWENTY-FIRSTCENTURY
Trust,Partnership,Integration
TomDysonandTheodoreKonstadinides
EUROPEANDEFENCECOOPERATIONINEULAWANDIRTHEORY
TomDyson
NEOCLASSICALREALISMANDDEFENCEREFORMINPOST-COLDWAREUROPE
HåkanEdström,JanneHaalandMatlaryandMagnusPetersson(editors)
NATO:THEPOWEROFPARTNERSHIPS
HåkanEdströmandDennisGyllensporre
POLITICALASPIRATIONSANDPERILSOFSECURITY
UnpackingtheMilitaryStrategyoftheUnitedNations
HakanEdströmandDennisGyllensporre(editors)
PURSUINGSTRATEGY
NATOOperationsfromtheGulfWartoGaddafi
ChristopherFarrington(editor)
GLOBALCHANGE,CIVILSOCIETYANDTHENORTHERNIRELANDPEACEPROCESS
ImplementingthePoliticalSettlement
AdrianGallagher
GENOCIDEANDITSTHREATTOCONTEMPORARYINTERNATIONALORDER
KevinGillan,JennyPickerillandFrankWebster
ANTI-WARACTIVISM
NewMediaandProtestintheInformationAge
JamesGowandIvanZverzhanovski
SECURITY,DEMOCRACYANDWARCRIMES
SecuritySectorTransformationinSerbia
ToniHaastrup
CHARTINGTRANSFORMATIONTHROUGHSECURITY
ContemporaryEU-AfricaRelations
AndrewHill
RE-IMAGININGTHEWARONTERROR
Seeing,Waiting,Travelling
AndrewHoskinsandBenO’Loughlin
TELEVISIONANDTERROR
ConflictingTimesandtheCrisisofNewsDiscourse
PaulJacksonandPeterAlbrecht
RECONSTRUCTIONSECURITYAFTERCONFLICT
SecuritySectorReforminSierraLeone
BryanMabee
THEGLOBALIZATIONOFSECURITY
StatePower,SecurityProvisionandLegitimacy
JanneHaalandMatlary
EUROPEANUNIONSECURITYDYNAMICS
IntheNewNationalInterest
KevorkOskanian
FEAR,WEAKNESSANDPOWERINTHEPOST-SOVIETSOUTHCAUCASUS
ATheoreticalandEmpiricalAnalysis
MichaelPugh,NeilCooperandMandyTurner(editors)
WHOSEPEACE?CRITICALPERSPECTIVESONTHEPOLITICALECONOMYOFPEACEBUILDING
BrianRappertandChandréGould(editors)
BIOSECURITY
Origins,TransformationsandPractices
BrianRappert
BIOTECHNOLOGY,SECURITYANDTHESEARCHFORLIMITS
AnInquiryintoResearchandMethods
BrianRappert(editor)
TECHNOLOGYANDSECURITY
GoverningThreatsintheNewMillennium
NathanRoger
IMAGEWARFAREINTHEWARONTERROR
AglayaSnetkovandStephenAris
THEREGIONALDIMENSIONSTOSECURITY
OtherSidesofAfghanistan
AliTekinandPaulAndrewWilliams
GEO-POLITICSOFTHEEURO-ASIAENERGYNEXUS
TheEuropeanUnion,RussiaandTurkey
LisaWatanabe
SECURINGEUROPE
MarkWebber,JamesSperlingandMartinA.Smith
NATOsPOST-COLDWARTRAJECTORY
DeclineorRegeneration
NewSecurityChallengesSeries
SeriesStandingOrderISBN978–0–230–00216–6(hardback)
andISBN978–0–230–00217–3(paperback)
(outsideNorthAmericaonly)
Youcanreceivefuturetitlesinthisseriesastheyarepublishedbyplacingastandingorder.Pleasecontact
yourbookselleror,incaseofdifficulty,writetousattheaddressbelowwithyournameandaddress,the
titleoftheseriesandtheISBNsquotedabove.
CustomerServicesDepartment,MacmillanDistributionLtd,Houndmills,Basingstoke,HampshireRG21
6XS,England
The Regional Dimensions
to Security
Other Sides of Afghanistan
Editedby
Aglaya Snetkov and Stephen Aris
CentreforSecurityStudies,ETHZurich,Switzerland
Editorialmatter,selection,introductionandconclusion©AglayaSnetkov
andStephenAris2013
Individualchapters©Respectiveauthors2013
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2013 978-1-137-33004-8
Allrightsreserved.Noreproduction,copyortransmissionofthis
publicationmaybemadewithoutwrittenpermission.
Noportionofthispublicationmaybereproduced,copiedortransmitted
savewithwrittenpermissionorinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofthe
Copyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988,orunderthetermsofanylicence
permittinglimitedcopyingissuedbytheCopyrightLicensingAgency,
SaffronHouse,6–10KirbyStreet,LondonEC1N8TS.
Anypersonwhodoesanyunauthorizedactinrelationtothispublication
maybeliabletocriminalprosecutionandcivilclaimsfordamages.
Theauthorshaveassertedtheirrightstobeidentifiedastheauthorsofthis
workinaccordancewiththeCopyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988.
Firstpublished2013by
PALGRAVEMACMILLAN
PalgraveMacmillanintheUKisanimprintofMacmillanPublishersLimited,
registeredinEngland,companynumber785998,ofHoundmills,Basingstoke,
HampshireRG216XS.
PalgraveMacmillanintheUSisadivisionofStMartin’sPressLLC,
175FifthAvenue,NewYork,NY10010.
PalgraveMacmillanistheglobalacademicimprintoftheabovecompanies
andhascompaniesandrepresentativesthroughouttheworld.
Palgrave®andMacmillan®areregisteredtrademarksintheUnitedStates,
theUnitedKingdom,Europeandothercountries.
ISBN 978-1-349-46082-3 ISBN 978-1-137-33005-5 (eBook)
DOI 10.1057/9781137330055
Thisbookisprintedonpapersuitableforrecyclingandmadefromfully
managedandsustainedforestsources.Logging,pulpingandmanufacturing
processesareexpectedtoconformtotheenvironmentalregulationsofthe
countryoforigin.
AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary.
AcatalogrecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheLibraryofCongress.
Contents
ListofIllustrations vii
ListofTables viii
Acknowledgments ix
NotesonContributors x
ListofAbbreviations xiii
Part I IntroductionandBackground
1 Introduction:IncludingtheOtherSidesofAfghanistan 3
AglayaSnetkovandStephenAris
2 RegionalDynamicsoftheSovietWarinAfghanistan
andItsAftermath 23
ArtemyM.Kalinovsky
3 Afghanistan’sAttitudestowardtheRegion 41
AminSaikal
Part II NeighboringandRegionalStates’Perspectives
4 Pakistan:SecurityPerspectivesonAfghanistan 61
ShaunGregory
5 NegotiatingItsWayIn:IndiainAfghanistan 83
RudraChaudhuri
6 UnderestimatedandIgnored:Iran’sCurrentAfghanistan
PolicybetweenSoftPowerandHardMeasures 100
AndreasWilde
7 TheOtherPower:SecurityandDiplomacyin
Sino-AfghanistanRelations 120
MarcLanteigne
8 RussiainAfghanistan:EnduringInterests,Domestic
ChallengesandRegionalStrategies 136
MarleneLaruelle
v
vi Contents
9 TowardConflictResolutioninAfghanistan:ThePerspectiveof
theBorderingCentralAsianRepublics 152
FarkhodTolipov
10 TheKazakhandKyrgyzSidesofAfghanistan:SoNearand
YetSoFar 173
EmilbekDzhuraevandShairbekDzhuraev
Part III RegionalInterdependenciesandStrategies
11 AnInstitutionalized“RegionalSolution”:Regional
OrganizationsintheSpaceSurroundingAfghanistan 191
StephenAris
12 FromArcofCrisistoArcofOpportunity?ThePolitical
EconomyofRegionalEconomicCooperation 216
MichaelaProkop
13 TheFightagainstDrugTrafficking:MechanismsofRegional
CooperationandTheirLimits 238
SebastienPeyrouse
14 Conclusion 256
StephenArisandAglayaSnetkov
Index 273
Illustrations
1.1 Afghanistananditsneighbors 4
3.1 MapofethnicgroupsinAfghanistan 42
4.1 MapofPakistan’sunstableborderregions 62
4.2 MapofmainethnicgroupsintheAfghanistan–Pakistan
borderarea 63
11.1 MapofmembershipoftheShanghaiCooperation
Organization(SCO) 195
11.2 MapofmembershipoftheCollectiveSecurityTreaty
Organization(CSTO) 198
11.3 MapofmembershipoftheSouthAsianAssociationfor
RegionalCooperation(SAARC) 201
13.1 UNODCmapofthenorthernandBalkanroutes 242
vii
Tables
12.1 Tableofbasiceconomicindicators 220
12.2 TableoftradebetweenAfghanistan,Centraland
SouthAsia,2011 223
12.3 Majortradeandtransitobstacles 225
12.4 Tableoftradingacrossborders 226
12.5 Tableofregionaleconomiccooperationorganizations
involvingAfghanistananditsneighbors 228
12.6 CentralAsiaRegionalEconomicCooperationCorridors 229
viii
Acknowledgments
The editors thank all the contributing authors for their efforts on their
chapters and during the workshop that preceded the book. In addition,
we thank Andreas Wenger, Astrid Karrer and Mirija Weber for their help
andsupportinorganizingtheaforementionedworkshop.Wealsoacknowl-
edgethefinancialsupportoftheSwissNationalScienceFoundation(SNSF)
via its award of an International Exploratory Workshop grant to host the
workshop.
ix