The Recovery Revolution: The Battle Over Addiction Treatment in the United States

337 Pages·2017·3.41 MB·English

by  Claire D. Clark

THE
R E C OV E RY
REVOLUTION
The Battle Over Addic tion Treatment
in the Unit ed St ates

CLAIRE D. CL ARK
THE RECOVER Y REVOLUTION

CLAIRE D. CLARK
THE RECOVER Y
REVOLUTION
The Battle Over Addiction Treatment
in the United States

Columbia University Press / New York
Columbia University Press
Publishers Since 1893
New York Chichester, West Sussex
cup.columbia.edu
Copyright © 2017 Columbia University Press
All rights reserved
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Clark, Claire D., author.
Title: Th e recovery revolution : the battle over addiction treatment in
the United States / Claire D. Clark.
Description: New York : Columbia University Press, [2017] | Includes
bibliographical references and index.
Identifi ers: LCCN 2016041877 (print) | LCCN 2016043072 (ebook) |
ISBN 9780231176385 (cloth : alk. paper) | ISBN 9780231544436 (e-book)
Subjects: | MESH: Substance-Related Disorders—therapy | Substance-Related
Disorders—history | Substance Abuse Treatment Centers—history |
Th erapeutic Community | Self-Help Groups | Drug and Narcotic
Control—history | History, 20th Century | History, 21st Century |
United States
Classifi cation: LCC HV5825 (print) | LCC HV5825 (ebook) |
NLM WM 11 AA1 | DDC 362.290973—dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016041877

Columbia University Press books are printed on permanent
and durable acid-free paper.
Printed in the United States of America

Cover design: Fifth Letter
Cover image: ©Fred Lyon/Getty Images
For Mike and Molly
q

CONTENTS
List of Illustrations ix
P reface xi
INTRODUCTION
Th e Roots of Revolution
1
PART I
REVOLUTION
1. SELLING SYNANON
17
2. SYNANON RASHOMON
52
CONTENTS
PART II
CO-OPTATION
3. SELLING THE SECOND GENERA TION
77
4. LEFT, RIGHT, AND CHAOS
116
PART III
INDUSTRIALIZATION
5. SELLING A DRUG-FREE AMERICA
143
6. COUR TS AND MARKETS
168
CONCLUSION
Th e Revolution’s Aftermath
203
A cknowledgments 213
Appendix: Historical Actors 215
List of Abbreviations 219
Notes 221
Bibliography 277

I ndex 303
viii
LIST OF ILLUSTRA TIONS
Fig. F.1 Genealogy of Th erapeutic Communities in the
United States x
Fig. 0.1 Keeley Institute treatment center, undated 4
F ig. 0.2 Lexington Narcotic Farm dedication, 1935 8
Fig. 0.3 “Synanon: Th e Th erapeutic Community”
Los Angeles Free Press , 1964 10
Fig. 1.1 “A Tunnel Back Into the Human Race,” Life , 1962 30
F ig. 1.2 “A Tunnel Back Into the Human Race,” Life , 1962 33
Fig. 1.3 Columbia Pictures press book for the motion
picture S ynanon , 1965 36
Fig. 1.4 “New Hope for the Addict: Synanon,” P ageant , 1964 40
Fig. 3.1 Daytop promotional photo, late 1960s 82
Fig. 3.2 Actor Hal Linden with two Phoenix House
staff members, 1969 88
Fig. 3.3 Daytop group photo at Swan Lake, 1967 102
Fig. 3.4 Richard Nixon and Jerome Jaff e, “Report on
Drug Briefi ng,” 1971 110
Fig. 4.1 Lexington Narcotic Hospital brochure, 1970 120
Fig. 5.1 Nancy Reagan speaking before schoolchildren, 1985 149

Fig. 5.2 Ronald Reagan visits Cenikor, 1983 157