Table Of ContentTHE RECEPTION OF THE NEW TESTAMENT
IN THE APOSTOLIC FATHERS
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The Reception of
the New Testament
in the Apostolic
Fathers
Edited by
ANDREW F. GREGORY
CHRISTOPHER M. TUCKETT
GreatClarendonStreet,Oxfordox26dp
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Preface
Theessaysandstudiesincludedinthesetwovolumesareintendedtoupdate,
todevelop,andtowidenthescopeoftheissuesconsideredbymembersof‘A
Committee of the Oxford Society of Historical Theology’ in their landmark
andstillvaluablereferencebook,TheNewTestamentintheApostolicFathers.
That volume was published by the Clarendon Press in 1905, and it is to
acknowledge the importance of that famous book that these companion
volumes are published in its centenary year. The 1905 volume was very
much a product of Oxford, albeit by a number of scholars who may have
beenonthefringesofuniversitylife(asJohnMuddimanexplains,inTrajec-
tories through the New Testament and the Apostolic Fathers, p. 107); Kirsopp
LakeislistedamongthecontributorsasProfessorofNewTestamentExegesis
intheUniversityofLeiden,buthewascurateoftheUniversityChurchofSt
Mary theVirgininOxforduntilhisappointmenttothatchairin1904.
Oxford connections remain important in these centenary volumes. Both
editors are members of the Oxford Theology Faculty, and these papers
representtheWrst-fruitsofanongoingresearchprojectontheNewTestament
andthesecondcenturythatissupportedbytheTheologyFaculty.Yetthereis
also a strong international dimension to the research presented in these
volumes, for the contributors are drawn from Belgium, Germany, Canada,
the USA, and South Africa, as well as from Oxford and elsewhere in the
United Kingdom. Many of the papers were presented and discussed at a
conferenceheldatLincolnCollege,Oxford,inApril2004;otherswerewritten
solely for publication. But this collection is by no means just another Con-
ferenceProceedings;allthecontributionsprintedherehavebeenthroughthe
processofpeerreview thatiscustomary inacademicpublishing.
The chapters that appear in The Reception of the New Testament in the
ApostolicFathersoVeracomprehensiveandrigorousdiscussionoftheextent
towhichthe writings later included in theNew Testament were known, and
cited(oralludedto),by theApostolicFathers,andtheydosointhelightof
contemporary research on the textual traditions of both corpora. The chap-
ters in Trajectories through the New Testament and the Apostolic Fathers are
also sensitive to these issues, but oVer a representative sample of a range of
issues that arise in the comparative study of these texts. They cannot be
comprehensive, because they address wider questions than those addressed
in the companion volume, but they advance contemporary discussion and
understanding of each of the Apostolic Fathers and much of the New
vi Preface
Testament in the wider context of Christian origins and development in the
Wrstandsecondcenturies.
Both editors are glad to thank various people for their help in producing
these volumes. We are grateful to Hilary O’Shea, who brought the proposal
before the Delegates of Oxford University Press, and to Lucy Qureshi, who
saw the volumes through from their acceptance by the Press until their
publication. Dorothy McCarthy, Enid Barker, Amanda Greenley, Samantha
GriViths and Jean van Altena each helped us to keep to a tight production
scheduleandgavevaluableadviceonmanypointsofdetail.Particularthanks
areduetotheanonymousreaderwhoreadalargetypescriptwithgreatspeed
andequalcare,andoVeredanumberofhelpfulandincisivesuggestions.
OUP provided Wnancial support for our conference, as did the British
Academy, the Zilkha Fund of Lincoln College, Oxford, and the Theology
Faculty of Oxford University. We are glad to acknowledge the assistance of
each.AdamFranciscoprovidedindispensablehelpinrunningtheconference
website,whichalloweddelegatestoreadpapersinadvance,andwasofgreat
assistancethroughout the planning and administration of the conference, as
wereMelParrottandhercolleaguesatLincolnCollege.
Most importantly, both editors were overwhelmed by the support and
interest shown by such a range of international experts in the study of the
New Testament and early Christianity, and we are grateful to all who have
allowedustoincludetheirworkinthispublication.Wehopethatthatthese
volumeswillbecomeastandardreferenceworkformanyyearstocome,and
that they will provide a useful resource for future researchers in New Testa-
mentandPatristics.
AFG
CMT
Contents
ListofContributors ix
Abbreviations xi
IntroductionandOverview 1
ANDREW F.GREGORYandCHRISTOPHER M.TUCKETT
PART I. TheTextoftheNewTestamentandtheApostolicFathers 7
1. TextualTraditionsCompared:TheNewTestamentandthe
ApostolicFathers 9
BART D.EHRMAN
2. TextualTraditionsExamined:WhattheTextoftheApostolic
FatherstellsusabouttheTextoftheNewTestamentinthe
SecondCentury 29
WILLIAM L.PETERSEN
3. AbsentWitnesses?TheCriticalApparatustotheGreekNew
TestamentandtheApostolicFathers 47
J.KEITH ELLIOTT
PART II. TheTextualTransmissionandReceptionoftheWritings
thatlaterformedtheNewTestamentintheApostolic
Fathers 59
4. ReXectionsonMethod:WhatconstitutestheUseoftheWritings
thatlaterformedtheNewTestamentintheApostolicFathers? 61
ANDREW F.GREGORYandCHRISTOPHER M.TUCKETT
5. TheDidacheandtheWritingsthatlaterformedtheNew
Testament 83
CHRISTOPHER M.TUCKETT
6. 1ClementandtheWritingsthatlaterformedtheNewTestament 129
ANDREW F.GREGORY
viii Contents
7. TheEpistlesofIgnatiusofAntiochandtheWritingsthat
laterformedtheNewTestament 159
PAUL FOSTER
8. Polycarp’sLettertothePhilippiansandtheWritingsthatlater
formedtheNewTestament 187
MICHAELW.HOLMES
9. TheEpistleofBarnabasandtheWritingsthatlaterformed
theNewTestament 229
JAMES CARLETON-PAGET
10. 2ClementandtheWritingsthatlaterformedtheNew
Testament 251
ANDREW F.GREGORYandCHRISTOPHER M.TUCKETT
11. TheShepherdofHermasandtheWritingsthatlaterformed
theNewTestament 293
JOSEPH VERHEYDEN
Bibliography 331
IndexofPrimarySources 347
IndexofSubjects 367
IndexofModernAuthors 373
List of Contributors
James Carleton-Paget is a Lecturer in New Testament Studies at the Univer-
sity of Cambridge, and Fellow and Tutor of Peterhouse. He is the author of
The Epistle of Barnabas: Outlook and Background (1994) and a number of
articlesonJewsandChristiansintheWrstandsecondcenturies.
Bart D. Ehrman is the James A. Gray Distinguished Professor of Religious
Studies at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. The author or
editorofsixteenbooks,hehasrecentlypublishedatwo-volumeeditionofthe
ApostolicFathersfor theLoebClassicalLibrary.
J. Keith Elliott is Professor of New Testament Textual Criticism at the
University of Leeds. He is the editor of The Apocryphal New Testament
(1993), and secretary of the British Committee of the International Greek
NewTestamentProject.
PaulFosterisLecturerinNewTestamentLanguage,LiteratureandTheology
at theUniversityof Edinburgh. He isa series editorof the Oxford Apostolic
Fathers and the author of Community Law and Mission in Matthew’s Gospel
(2004). His other publications include articles about the synoptic problem,
theJewishbackgroundtoearlyChristianity,Paulinetheology,andtheGospel
ofPeter.
Andrew F. Gregory is a Research Fellow at Keble College, Oxford. He is a
serieseditorofOxfordEarlyChristianGospelTextsandtheOxfordApostolic
Fathers,andtheauthorofTheReceptionofLukeandActsinthePeriodbefore
Irenaeus(2003).Hisotherpublicationsincludearticlesontheimportanceof
second-centuryChristiantextsfor theinterpretation oftheNewTestament.
MichaelW.HolmesisProfessorofBiblicalStudiesandEarlyChristianity,and
Chairof the Department of Biblical and Theological Studies, Bethel Univer-
sity.AneditoroftheSBL-sponsoredmonographseriesTheNewTestamentin
the Greek Fathers, he is the author or editor of six books, including The
Apostolic Fathers: Greek Texts and English Translations (3rd edn., 1999), and
hasalsopublishedmorethantwenty articles,essays,orchaptersinbooks.
William L. Petersen is Professor of New Testament and Christian Origins at
The Pennsylvania State University. He is the author of many books and
articles, including Tatian’s Diatessaron (Leiden: Brill, 1994), and conducts
