The Real Cassian Revisited: Monastic Life, Greek Paideia, and Origenism in the Sixth Century

567 Pages·2012·11.59 MB·English

by  Panayiotis Tzamalikos

The Real Cassian Revisited
Supplements
to
Vigiliae Christianae
Texts and Studies of
Early Christian Life and Language
Editors
J.denBoeft–B.D.Ehrman–J.vanOort
D.T.Runia–C.Scholten–J.C.M.vanWinden
VOLUME112
Thetitlespublishedinthisseriesarelistedatbrill.nl/vcs
The Real Cassian Revisited
Paideia
Monastic Life, Greek , and
Origenism in the Sixth Century
By
P.Tzamalikos
LEIDEN•BOSTON
2012
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Tzamalikos,P.(Panayiotes),1951-
TherealCassianrevisited:monasticlife,Greekpaideia,andOrigenisminthesixthcentury/By
P.Tzamalikos.
pagescm.–(SupplementstoVigiliaeChristianae;VOLUME112)
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN978-90-04-22440-7(hardback:alk.paper)–ISBN978-90-04-22530-5(e-book)
1.Churchhistory–Primitiveandearlychurch,ca.30-600.2.BookofMonkCassiantheRoman.3.
Cassian,theSabaite,approximately470-548.I.Title.
BR227.T932012
270.2092–dc23
2011049118
Thispublicationhasbeentypesetinthemultilingual“Brill”typeface.Withover5,100characters
coveringLatin,IPA,Greek,andCyrillic,thistypefaceisespeciallysuitableforuseinthe
humanities.Formoreinformation,pleaseseewww.brill.nl/brill-typeface.
ISSN0920-623X
ISBN9789004224407(hardback)
ISBN9789004225305(e-book)
Copyright2012byKoninklijkeBrillNV,Leiden,TheNetherlands.
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τὸννῦνἡγούµενονἀββᾶνΚασιανόν,
Σκυθοπολίτηνὄντατῷγένει,
ὀρθόδοξόντεὄντακαὶβίῳκαὶλόγῳκεκοσµηµένον.
…thepresenthegoumen,abbaCassian,whoisofScythopolisby
birth,orthodox,andadornedbothinhisconductoflifeandinhis
teaching.
CyrilofScythopolis,VitaCyriaci,ad547/8.
interdumcogunturloqui,nonquodsentiunt,sedquodnecesseest.
[Christianauthors]aresometimescompelledtosaynotwhatthey
[really]think,butwhatnecessitydictates.
Jerome,Epistula49.13.
Andwhatthedeadhadnospeechfor,whenliving,
Theycantellyou,beingdead:thecommunication
Ofthedeadistonguedwithfirebeyondthelanguageoftheliving.
…
SoIassumedadoublepart,andcried
Andheardanother’svoicecry:‘what!areyouhere?’
…
Forlastyear’swordsbelongtolastyear’slanguage
Andnextyearswordsawaitanothervoice.
…
Beingbetweentwolives—unflowering,between
Theliveandthedeadnettle.Thisistheuseofmemory:
…
Historymaybeservitude,
Historymaybefreedom.See,nowtheyvanish,
Thefacesandplaces,withtheselfwhich,asitcould,lovedthem,
Tobecomerenewed,transfigured,inanotherpattern.
…
Thosemen,andthosewhoopposedthem
Andthosewhomtheyopposed
Accepttheconstitutionofsilence.
T.S.Eliot,LittleGidding
CONTENTS
ListofIllustrations...................................................... ix
Preface.................................................................. xi
Abbreviations........................................................... xv
Introduction.MonkCassian,theSabaiteofScythopolisinPalestine
andJohnCassian,theScythianofMarseilles.TheResurrectionof
anEclipsedAuthor .................................................. 1
Meteora ......................................................... 1
CassianasanIntellectual........................................ 4
TheAkoimetoi................................................... 13
ASabaiteScholarMonkattheMonasteryoftheAkoimetoi
(‘theNever-Sleeping’Monks)................................. 27
AnAnonymousAddresserAddressinganAnonymous
Addressee..................................................... 37
Conclusion ...................................................... 42
1. Testimonies,Addressees,andCassian’sRealMilieu................. 49
GennadiusofMarseilles......................................... 49
Photius .......................................................... 60
Leontius ......................................................... 66
CyrilofScythopolis.............................................. 78
Castor............................................................ 83
AntiochusofPalestine........................................... 86
JohnCassian,theScythianofMarseilles......................... 92
2. CassiantheSabaite .................................................. 115
The‘MonkandPresbyterCassian’inad536..................... 115
TheTextsoftheCodex .......................................... 116
AbbaCassianandPosterity...................................... 123
TheAnchorites .................................................. 131
3. AGreekWriter....................................................... 149
ManuscriptEditions............................................. 149
WritingsbyaGraeculus? ........................................ 152
ASixth-CenturyWriter.......................................... 186
viii contents
4. AnEclipsedAuthor.................................................. 207
ScribingintheMiddleAges ..................................... 207
WhyWasCassianStyled‘Roman’inLaterByzantine
Literature?.................................................... 227
5. HellenisminTheSixthCentury...................................... 243
CassianandGreekPhilosophy .................................. 243
HellenismandChristianity:TheAncientQuestion.............. 246
HellenismandSixth-CenturyChallenges........................ 255
6. DoctrinalDecorumandImperialPower............................. 259
TheSixth-CenturyOrigenism ................................... 259
TheOrigenismandPseudo-OrigenismofCassian............... 321
7. LateAntiqueIntellectualInterplay.................................. 333
ChristianInfluenceonNeoplatonism ........................... 333
1. Proclus ................................................... 336
2. SimpliciusandDamascius................................ 366
Stoicism ......................................................... 377
Aristotelism ..................................................... 380
Conclusion ............................................................. 391
AppendixI.TheBookofCassianCopiedbyPosterity................... 407
AppendixII.GreekReferencestoCassian.............................. 433
AppendixIII.CassianandCaesariusReviewedByPhotius............. 437
Bibliography............................................................ 443
I. Codices ...................................................... 443
II. PrimarySources.............................................. 444
III.ModernSources ............................................. 483
IV. AncientLexicaofGreekLanguage........................... 487
IndexofPersonsofAntiquity,Locations,andNotions ................. 489
IndexofGreekTermsandExpressions................................. 513
IndexofModernAuthors............................................... 520
ILLUSTRATIONS
LISTOFILLUSTRATIONS
Fig.1.Meteora-monasteries‘intheair’.................................. 524
Fig.2.TheJudaeandesert,wheretheGreatLauraislocated ........... 525
Fig.3.TheGreatLaura,onthewestsideofbrookCedron............... 525
Fig.4.TheGreatLaurafrominside(north-east)ofbrookCedron....... 525
Fig.5.WestsideoftheGreatLaura(mainentrance) ................... 526
Fig.6.TheGreatLauratoday.Thevaultofthemainchurch
(καθολικόν) ......................................................... 527
Fig.7.TheGreatLauratoday.Westsideofthemainchurch
(καθολικόν) ......................................................... 528
Fig.8.CodexMetamorphosis573....................................... 529
Fig.9.CodexMetamorphosis573....................................... 529
Fig.10.CodexMetamorphosis573,folio1r,colophon:Κασσιανοῦ
µοναχοῦβιβλίον(‘TheBookofMonkCassian’)...................... 530
Fig.11.CodexMetamorphosis573.Insidefaceoffrontcover ........... 531
Fig.12.CodexMetamorphosis573,folio22v............................. 532
Fig.13.Codex573,folio56v.............................................. 533
Fig.14.Codex573,folio80r.............................................. 534
Fig.15.CodexMetamorphosis573,folio101r ............................ 535
Fig.16.CodexMetamorphosis573,folio245r ........................... 536
Fig.17.CodexSabaiticus76,folio132r................................... 537
Fig.18.CodexMetamorphosis573,folio226v ........................... 538
Fig.19.CodexSabaiticus8,folio92v..................................... 539
Fig.20.CodexMetamorphosis573,folio221r............................ 540
Fig.21.CodexSabaiticus8,folio96v..................................... 541
Fig.22.CodexMetamorphosis573,folio211r............................ 542
Fig.23.CodexSabaiticus8,folio98v .................................... 543
Fig.24.CodexMetamorphosis573,folio232v........................... 544
Fig.25.CodexSabaiticus8,folio113v.................................... 545
Fig.26.CodexMetamorphosis,folio209r.Cassian’smathematical
rulesforformingthecalendar...................................... 546
Fig.27.CodexMetamorphosis573,folio209v.Cassian’smathematical
rulesforformingthecalendar...................................... 547
Fig.28.Metamorphosis573,folio290r .................................. 548