Table Of ContentThe Randstad: A Research and Policy Labaratory
The GeoJournal Library
Volume 20
Series Editor: Wolf Tietze, Helmstedt, Germany
Editorial Board: Paul Claval, France
R. G. Grane, U.S.A.
Yehuda Gradus, Israel
Risto Laulajainen, Sweden
Gerd Lüttig, Germany
Watther Manshard, Germany
Osamu Nishikawa, Japan
Peter Tyson, South Africa
The titles published in this series are listed at the end of this volume.
The Randstad:
A Research and
Policy Labaratory
edited by
FRANS M. DIELEMAN
Faculty of Geographical Sciences,
University of Utrecht, The Netherlands
and
SAKO MUSTERD
Center for Metropalifan Research,
University of Amsterdam, The Nether/ands
......
''
SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V.
ISBN 978-90-481-4138-8 ISBN 978-94-017-3448-6 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-94-017-3448-6
Printed on acid-free paper
Ali Rights Reserved
© 1992 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1992
No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or
utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,
including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and
retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner.
CONTENTS
Preface ix
1. The Restructuring of Randstad Holland 1
F.M. Dieleman & S. Musterd
1.1 The Randstad Holland 1
1.2 Restructuring 5
1.3 The present decade 15
2. The Randstad - Playground of Physical Planners 17
H. van der Wusten & A. F aludi
2.1 lntroduction 17
2.2 Physical planning 18
2.3 Fragmented government and spatial order 29
2.4 Final remarks 34
3. Changes in the Residential Function of the Big Cities 39
RB. Jobse & S. Musterd
3.1 Introduction 39
3.2 Long-term developments and policy: 1960-1990 40
3.3 The housing situation 43
3.4 Population developments 47
3.5 Developments in residential areas 53
3.6 Concluding discussion 59
4. Housing and Physical Planning 65
F.M. Dieleman & R van Engelsdorp Gastelaars
4.1 The link between housing and physical planning 65
4.2 Forty-five years of housing and spatial planning 67
4.3 Measurement of success: plan conforrnity and goal conforrnity 76
4.4 Housing shortage, residential segregation, and fittering 77
4.5 The bright and the dark sides of growth centers and urban
renewal areas 81
4.6 Discussion 90
vi CONTENTS
5. A World City Paradox -Firms and the Urban Fabric 97
M. de Smidt
5.1 Introduction 97
5.2 Challenges of intemationalization 98
5.3 Playground of international business 100
5.4 At the frontier of financial and business services 104
5.5 Mainports and logistics, Amsterdam and Rotterdam as hubs 106
5.6 International trade, contacts, and networks 108
5.7 Toward a global city 110
5.8 Deconcentration of the Randstad Metropolis and the North wing
South wing divide 112
5.9 Subcenters challenging traditional inner-city CBDs 115
5.10 Evaluation 117
6. The Randstad -A Welfare Region? 123
R.C. Kloostennan & J.G. Lambooy
6.1 Introducdon 123
6.2 The Dutch Welfaresystem 124
6.3 The welfare state and the Randstad 126
6.4 The welfare state as a (re)distributor of income 130
6.5 The welfare state as an employer and a provider of services 132
6.6 Conclusion 136
7. Randstad Infrastructure- Its Use and its Deficiencies 141
P. Rietveld & W. Stam
7.1 Introduction 141
7.2 Freight transport: growth and focus on value added 144
7.3 Passengertransport in the Randstad 151
7.4 Transport, infrastructure and the future of the Randstad 158
7.5 Addressing the deficiencies 160
8. Randstad Policy on Infrastructure and Transportalion - High
Ambitions, Poor Results 165
H. Priemus & P. Nijlcamp
8.1 Introduction and objective 165
8.2 Location policy in the Randstad 167
CONTENTS vii
8.3 The Randstad and plans to improve the rail infrastructure 169
8.4 The Randstad and plans for road infrastructure 174
8.5 Implemented policy instruments 178
8.6 Changing. the modal split and the effectiveness of policy
instruments 180
8. 7 Restrietions on mobility and the effectiveness of the policy
instruments 182
8.8 Conclusions and recommendations 187
9. The Provision and Use of Public Servicesand Facilities in
the Randstad 193
G. Molenaar & J. Floor
9.1 Introduction 193
9.2 Theoretical perspectives 194
9.3 The performing arts 198
9.4 Public libraries and sports accomodations 202
9.5 Health care 207
9.6 Conclusions 213
10. Provision of Services and the Welfare State 219
A.P.N. Nauta & H. van der Wusten
10.1 Introduction 219
10.2 Changing patterns and policy options 220
10.3 A special position for the Randstad? 229
10.4 Final comments 233
11. The Restructuring and Growth of the Randstad Cities -
Current Policy Issues 237
A. Kreukels
11.1 Introduction 237
11.2 The traditional content and context of the Dutch policy
system, with particular regard to urban planning 237
11.3 The Fourth National Physical Planning Report as illustration
of the recent policy program with respect to physical planning in
general and the Randstad in particular 244
viii CONTENTS
11.4 A concluding characterization of the policy and context of
physical planning for the Randstad, with a view to the period
ahead 256
List of Contributors 263
PREFACE
In 1987 the Dutch Minister of Education and Science initiated a five-year program
ofurban research, Urban Networks. While Education and Science provided the lion's
share of funding, the Ministry of Physical Planning, Housing and the Environment,
and the Ministry of Welfare, Health and Culture sponsored more specific research
projects. The aim of the program was to foster research on urban restructuring and
urban problems in the Netherlands. The research was focused on contrasts between
regions and social classes in the Randstad Holland, the conurbation comprised of
Amsterdam, Rotterdam, The Hague, Utrecht, and several smaller cities in the West
of the Netherlands (see the map on the next page). The problems of urban society
in the Netherlands are most clearly manifest in this region. But the Randstad is also
the seedbed of many new economic functions as weil as new social and cultural trends.
The region is also the playground of physical planners, whose foresight has helped
to preserve its unique form: a horseshoe of cities around the Green Heart.
The research in Urban Networks was ajoint effort of three Dutch centers for urban
and housing research:
- Center for Metropolitan Research (CGO, University of Amsterdam)
- Institute of Geographkai Research (IRO, University of Utrecht)
- Research Institute for Policy Seiences and Technology (OTB, Delft University of
Technology)
Apart from these centers, researchers from other institutes participated in the program:
the Faculty of Economics at the Free University of Amsterdam, the Willern Pompe
Institute at the University of Utrecht, and the Bureau of Social and Cultural Planning
in Rijswijk.
This year, 1992, is the last year of the Urban Networks program. From 1993 on the
research network will continue to exist as the N etherlands Graduate School ofHousing
and Urban Research (NETHUR).
The research in the program was multidisciplinary. Specialists from the fields of
economics, geography, housing, sociology, and urban planning participated in Urban
Networks. About 200 publications have appeared thus far. The efforts of researchers
in Urban Networks are now focused on integrating the research findings in a nurober
of books and special issues of international journals. One of these publications is the
present book.
This book reports and integrates Urban Networks research on an array of topics. The
aim of the editorswas to confront that research with government policy in these fields,
particularly with respect to physical planning. The contributors were asked to pay special
attention to the interrelations between the various processes of change in the Randstad
and to relate research findings to policy endeavors.
The main issues discussed in this book are introduced in the first chapter, which
highlights the history and character of the Randstad Holland. The second chapter reviews
trends in Dutch urban planning policy in recent decades. The following chapters are
paired to give different perspectives on four themes: housing, employment and the
