The Racial State: Germany, 1933-1945

412 Pages·1996·26.543 MB·English

by  Michael Burleigh, Wolfgang Wippermann

THE RACIAL STATE
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LILLIAN MICHELSON
RESEARCH LIBRARY
20) Oreamworks SKG
mol s000 Flower St.
Glendale, CA 91201
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Between 1933 and 1945 the Nazi regime in Germany tried to restructure a ‘class’
society along racial lines. This book deals with the ideas and institutions which
underpinned this mission, and shows how Nazi policy affected various groups of
people, both victims and beneficiaries.
The book begins with a discussion of the origins of Nazi racial ideology, and
then demonstrates the thoroughness and purposiveness with which this was trans-
lated into official policy. The book deals not only with the systematic persecution
of the Jews, the largest group of victims of Nazism, but also with the fate of Sinti
and Roma, the mentally handicapped, the ‘asocial’, and homosexuals. Finally, the
book examines the racially-motivated social policies of the regime which affected
every German ‘national comrade’. Their primary objective was to realise a racially-
organised state and society. It argues that the ‘polycratic’ and chaotic character of
the regime, described so frequently by recent historians, neither hindered nor
slowed down the ruthless way in which the regime pursued and destroyed its
victims. The Third Reich was fundamentally different from other totalitarian
regimes precisely because of the all-encompassing nature of its racial policies.
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THE RACIAL STATE: GERMANY
1SS3s—194'5
MICHAEL BURLEIGH
London School of Economics and Political Science
and WOLFGANG WIPPERMANN
Freie Universitat, Berlin
= CAMBRIDGE
\@) UNIVERSITY PRESS
Published by the Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge
The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge CB2 1RP
40 West 20th Street, New York, NY 10011-4211, USA
10 Stamford Road, Oakleigh, Melbourne 3166, Australia
© Cambridge University 1991
First published 1991
Reprinted 1993, 1994 (twice), 1996
Printed and bound by Woolnough Bookbinding Ltd,
Irthlingborough, Northants.
British Library cataloguing in publication data
Burleigh, Michael
The racial state: Germany 1933-1945
1. Germany. Social list, 1933-1945
I. Title I]. Wipperman, Wolfgang
943.086
Library of Congress cataloguing in publication data
Burleigh, Michael, 1955-
The racial state: Germany 1933-1945
/ Michael Burleigh, Wolfgang Wippermann.
cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0 521 39114 8. — ISBN 0 521 39802 9 (pbk.)
1. Germany — History — 1933-1945. 2. Minorities —- Germany —
History — 20th century. 3. Germany — Race relations. 4. Germany —
Social policy. I. Wippermann, Wolfgang, 1945-_ . Title.
DD256.5.B93 1991
323.1'43'09043-dc20 90-20209 CIP
ISBN 0 521 39114 8 hardback
WD
The racial state: Germany 1933-1945
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CONTENTS
List of wlustrations page ix
Foreword Xill
Acknowledgements XV
Introduction: why another book on the Third Reich?
PRI US EES ENG
1 How modern, German, and totalitarian was the Third Reich?
Some major historiographical controversies
2 Barbarous utopias: racial ideologies in Germany
3 Barbarism institutionalised: racism as state policy 44
PART II THE ‘PURIFICATION’ OF THE BODY OF
THE NATION 75
4 The persecution of the Jews 77
5 The persecution of Sinti and Roma, and other ethnic
minorities ids
6 The persecution of the ‘hereditarily ill’, the ‘asocial’, and
homosexuals 136
PART III THE FORMATION OF THE ‘NATIONAL
COMMUNITY’ 199
7 Youth in the Third Reich 201
8 Women in the Third Reich 242
9 Men in the Third Reich 267
Vill Contents
Conclusion: National Socialist racial and social policy 304
308
Notes
358
Bibliographical essay
380
Index