The quest for Wilhelm Reich

221 Pages·1981·1.06 MB·English

by  Reich

THE QUEST FOR WILHELM
REICH
Colin Wilson
GRANADA
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Published by Granada Publishing 1981
Copyright © Colin Wilson 1981
ISBN 0 246 11093 7
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Analytical Table of Contents
Prefatory Note
Acknowledgments
Introduction
The downfall of Wilhelm Reich. Reich’s denunciations of his ‘enemies’.
Emotional plague. Reich’s susceptibility to prejudice. Martin Gardner’s ditto.
Reich’s vitalism; his views on cancer. Suppose he was right? Reich: the
materialist who became a mystic. Van Vogt’s ‘Right Man’ theory. Reich’s
increasing paranoia. His pathological jealousy. Anticipations of Reich’s orgone
energy theory, Mesmer, Reichenbach, Harold Burr. Kirlian photography. I meet
Robert Ollendorff. The orgone box. How Reich invented it. Ollendorff’s career.
Constance Rooth-Tracey. Reich’s breathing therapy. I meet Ilse Reich. Why the
marriage broke down. A. S. Neill on Reich. Reich or the murder of Jesus;
loopholes in his theory. Reich’s self-deception. The ‘Shakespearian tragedy’ of
his life, Human ‘personality’ and ‘impersonality’. Yin and yang, Beethoven.
Poe. Reich’s shrill self-assertion. Reich and Einstein. Reich’s mistakes. Freud
and the sexual theory.
Chapter One
Austria under the Habsburgs. The Badeni Ordinance: The German-Austrian
revolt. The beginning of the end of the Empire. Reich’s childhood. His father
and mother. His mother’s infidelity and suicide. Death of Reich’s father. Loss of
the farm. Reich’s army period. Studern years in Vienna. Medical student. The
course in sexology Hischfeld and Havelock Ellis. Krafft-Ebing. Sexual
deviations. His first reaction to Freudianism. The ‘libido’—Reich’s vitalism.
Freud’s pragmatism. Reich visits Freud. Reich’s later opinion of Freud: ‘not a
genitally healthy man’.
Chapter Two
The history of psychoanalysis. Pre-Freudian views: ‘mental diseases are brain
diseases’. Beard and ‘neurasthenia’. The Puységurs and hypnosis. Bernheim.
Charcot and hypnosis. Axel Munthe on Charcot. Freud studies with Charcot.
Breuer and Bertha Pappenheim. The power of the unconscious mind. Freud’s
basic error: failure to recognize the ‘feedback mechanism’. ‘The ego is the
basic error: failure to recognize the ‘feedback mechanism’. ‘The ego is the
puppet of the id.’ What is the unconscious? The mechanism of neurosis: the
feedback effect. Freud and Maslow. Viktor Frankl and the prisoners from
Auschwitz. Powers of the unconscious: Coleridge and the illiterate who spoke
Latin. Jean Houston and the man who conversed with Socrates. Jung causes a
‘poltergeist effect’. Freud abandons the libido and invents the death instinct.
Reich’s fundamental optimism. How the sexual theory came about: Breuer and
Anna O. The case of Little Hans. Freud and the Wolf Man. What Freud
suppressed in his paper. Freud’s paranoid bitterness about Adler. Freud and
Jung. Freud and Thomas Mann. Karl Kraus. Viktor Tausk. Tausk’s suicide.
Chapter Three
Reich on Freud. The Freud circle in Vienna. Federn, Hitschmann, Nunberg,
Rank, Silberer, Ferenczi. Suicide of Silberer. Reich’s self-assurance. His
unpopularity among Freud’s older followers. Reich’s Peer Gynt paper; his denial
of free will, ‘the weakness that would destroy him’. Reich casts himself as the
misunderstood martyr. Reich becomes a member of the Vienna Psychoanalytic
Society. Sadger’s lack of tact. Federn begins to dislike Reich. ‘The aggressive,
paranoid and ambitious type’. Why Reich broke off three ‘training analyses’.
Reich and the sexual theory. Reich teaches his patients to masturbate. Case of
the impotent waiter. ‘Actual neurosis’. The orgasm theory. Reich marries. His
work under Wagner-Jauregg. Reich’s interest in psychotic patients: ‘could they
be right after all?’ Reich’s optimism. Freud invents the super-ego. Reich rejects
it. The technical seminar—designed to keep Reich out of mischief. Death of
Reich’s brother Robert. Reich’s first paper on genitality; its cool reception.
Reich’s conviction that patients harbour hostility to the psychotherapist. The
Function of the Orgasm: Freud’s lack of enthusiasm. The problem of
‘resistance’. Freud’s disagreement. Freud as Reich’s father-substitute. Reich’s
loyalty to Freud. His rationalization of Freud’s rejection. Freud refuses to
psychoanalyse Reich. Reich’s breakdown. His ‘deterioration’. Federn ‘slanders’
Reich. Reich’s affairs with patients. Freud’s narrow-mindedness. Reich’s return
from the sanatorium.
Chapter Four
Was Reich’s life work based on a fallacy? Freud’s theory of neurosis.
Neurasthenic patients. Frankl’s law of reverse effort. The evolutionary view of
psychology Freud’s obsession with being ‘scientific’. Reich’s cases of cardiac
neurosis. Polanyi and the problem of alienation. Split-brain research. The right
and left hemispheres. Soeirv’s work with epileptics. The ‘ego’ as the left
hemisphere, the ‘id’ as the right. Neurosis as failure of synchronization between
hemisphere, the ‘id’ as the right. Neurosis as failure of synchronization between
left and right. ‘Absurdity’. The feedback effect. The left is always in a hurry.
Stage fright. T. E. Lawrence as an example of left-brain domination. Role of the
right hemisphere: to add ‘depth’ to reality. Lady Chatterley and the orgasm.
Reich’s sexual theory a a partial recognition of the truth about right and left. Th
evolutionary possibilities of a closer cooperation of left and right. Slowing down
the left or speeding up the right. Reich’s variant of the sexual theory. Mechanism
of neurosis.
Chapter Five
Reich’s return to Vienna from Davos. The killings at Schattendorff. The killers
are acquitted; riots. Reich’s sympathy with the left. Reich’s working-class
patient. Reich’s conversion to Marxism. Psychoanalysis as ‘bourgeois thinking’.
Dialectical Materialism and Psychoanalysis. Reich joins the Communist Party.
The ideal society. The ‘compulsory sex morality’. Malinowski’s Trobrianders.
Are Reich’s views borne out by modern ‘permissive societies’? Human
perverseness. ‘To be free is nothing; to become free is heavenly’. Reich attempts
to justify psychoanalysis to the Marxists. Reich goes to Moscow. Increasing
hostility of the Freud circle. Freud’s political views. Reich’s lecture on
‘blockage’. Freud’s reaction: Civilization and Its Discontents. Freud abandons
the sexual theory. Reich disagrees. Reich and the defensive mechanism of
patients. Methods to pinpoint ‘resistances’. Reich’s new technique of character
analysis. Provoking the patient’s hostility. The impotent patient: Reich’s
analysis. How would Maslow or Frankl have treated the case? Reich’s
psychoanalysis as a battle of wills. Another hostile patient. The ‘English lord’.
Freud’s increasing impatience. Reich as Communist agitator. He decides to go to
Berlin. Initial success there. The Red Block cell. Koestler’s description of the
cell. Reich’s attempt to combine sexual reform and Communism. Success of
Association for Sexual Politics. Why the Communists rejected Reich: their
feeling that he was ‘decadent’. Reich’s quarrels with Bischoff and Schneider.
The Mass Psychology of Fascism. Breakdown of his marriage. The Reichstag
fire. The German Communists are suppressed. Reich is attacked in Nazi press.
He escapes back to Vienna.
Chapter Six
The quarrel with Freud; Freud refuses to publish Character Analysis. Federn
forbids Reich to lecture. Reich decides to go to Copenhagen. Reich’s
opportunism. Analysis of his miscalculations. His determination to compromise.
Reich was basically an authoritarian elitist. Arrival in Copenhagen; feelers to
Rado in New York. Publication of Mass Psychology of Fascism. Problem with
Danish authorities. Freud declines support. Move to Malmö. Trip to London.
What is Class-Consciousness? European tour. Expulsion from Sweden. Summer
in Sletten. 13th Psychoanalytical Congress: Reich’s expulsion. The Oslo period.
Electric currents of the body. ‘Readiness potential’. The ‘breakthrough into the
biological realm’. Masochism: the desire to burst. Muscular armour. Orson
Bean’s description of treatment. Elsworth Baker: Man in the Trap. Abreaction
therapy: persuading patients to relive experience. William Sargant. ‘The Freud
of Oslo’. Fenichel’s defection. Rumours of Reich’s insanity. The discovery of
bions. The T-bacilli. Bion research. Reich and Gerd Berger sen. Reich’s orgasm
theories anger the Norwegians. Scandal. The attacks SAPA bions and free
orgone energy. Reich sails to New York.
Chapter Seven
The move to Long Island; marriage to Ilse Ollendorff. Cure for cancer? The
orgone box. The Maine camping trip: Reich sees orgone energy in the sky.
Invention of the accumulator. Experiments with mice. Cancer patients and the
orgone accumulator. The ‘Einstein episode’. Einstein’s rejection. ‘Freud’s good
old doctrines’. Reich’s failure to recognize that the roots of psychological illness
lie in the mind. The concept of ‘purpose’. The rigidity of Reich’s sexual
doctrines. Reich’s mistake in working alone. Quarrel with Gertrude Gaasland.
Hostility of neighbours. Briehl breaks with Reich: ‘not the same person he had
known in Vienna’. Reich’s increasing success. Purchase of cabin on
Mooselookmeguntic Lake. Photographing orgone energy. Experiment XX.
Spontaneous creation of matter. Life at Orgonon. Birth of Peter. Increasing
interest in child rearing. Listen, Little Man!—a turning point in Reich’s life.
Emotional plague. The Mildred Brady ‘interview’. ‘The Strange Case of
Wilhelm Reich’. The Fake Messiah problem. John Humphrey Noyes. The FDA
send an investigator. Dismissal of Reichian therapists. The 1948 Conference.
Chapter Eight
Use of the Geiger counter to detect orgone energy. Reich’s interest in atomic
energy. The Oranur experiment. What happened? High radiation in the Rangeley
area. Deadly Orgone Radiation. The cloudbuster. Weather control. Reich ends a
drought. Ether, God and Devil and Cosmic Superimposition. The Murder of
Christ. The truth about Giordano Bruno. Modju. Reich’s UFO phase. The
cloudbuster versus the UFOs. The FDA’s complaint. Reich’s response. The
Injunction. Reich causes snow over the east coast. Operation Emotional Plague.
The attempt at Intervention. The trip to Arizona. Orgone Energy Operation in the
Desert. Contact With Space. UFOs over Mount Catalina. ‘UFOs cause deserts’.
The Eas attack. Success of the Desert experiment. Silvert sends accumulators to
New York. The contempt proceedings. Reich arms his followers. Reich appears
in court. The lawyers resign. Reich is arrested. The trial. Reich is fined and
sentenced to prison. The appeal. Reich is transferred to Lewisburg. His death.
The Reich revival.
Postscript
Was Reich a martyr? His self-centredness. The bion experiments. Reich and
flying saucers. Roerich’s sighting. Jung’s theory of ‘psychological projection’.
Poltergeist phenomena. Synchronicity. Kammerer and ‘seriality’. Peter Fairley’s
experiences of synchronicity and second sight. Was Reich capable of producing
‘poltergeist effects’? Reich’s masochism. His father fixation. Reich’s loyalty to
Freud. His denial of free will. His attempt to escape the cul de sac. Burr and life-
fields. The ‘jelly mould’. The retreat from psychology. Janet’s psychology of
tension. Janet and multiple personality. Léonie and Lucie. Irene. The ‘partial
mind’. Creative tension. Problem-solving: the evolutionary drive. The paradox
of Reich. Reich’s theory of ‘the Fall of man’. ‘The deep experience of the self’.
The re-affirmation of free will.
Bibliography
Prefatory Note
In 1973, before I began to write this book on Wilhelm Reich, I wrote to both
his English and American publishers—Vision Press, and Farrar, Straus & Giroux
—to request permission to quote from his books. Farrar, Straus & Giroux
granted it immediately; Vision Press agreed to do a deal: they would grant
permission if I would write an article on Emily Brontë, to be published in a
symposium edited by Dr Anne Smith. I wrote the article, which appeared in The
Art of Emily Brontë in 1976. And that, as far as I was concerned, settled the
problem of permission to quote.
I soon discovered I was mistaken. In the course of writing the book, I entered
into correspondence with the authors of various other books on Reich, and
learned that final permission to quote Reich had to be obtained from his
executor, Mary Boyd Higgins. And this, apparently, was practically impossible
to obtain if the book contained the slightest breath of criticism of Reich. One
scholar remarked that it seemed ironical that Reich, who had gone to prison to
defend intellectual freedom, should have left his work in the hands of someone
who seemed to take the opposite view. I find myself unable to agree. I am sure
Miss Higgins is behaving exactly as Reich would have wanted her to. He took
the view that all critics of his work were motivated by malice and dishonesty,
and would have been happy to see them suppressed.
Predictably, Miss Higgins reacted to my own book with indignation and
denunciation. It was, she said, such a travesty of Reich that it left her no
alternative except to refuse the required permission.
I have therefore made very few direct quotations from Reich—no more words,
by way of criticism and fair comment, than is permitted by law. Whether this is
fair to Reich is a question which I must leave to the individual reader. But the
story seemed worth telling as a footnote to this study of a man whose attitude
towards the truth about himself was always ambiguous.