Table Of Contentthe prosecutor in transnational perspective
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The Prosecutor in Transnational Perspective
Erik Luna and Marianne L. Wade
1
1
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Th e prosecutor in transnational perspective / edited by Erik Luna and Marianne Wade.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-19-984480-7 ((hardback) : alk. paper)
1. Public prosecutors. 2. Criminal investigation. I. Luna, Erik. II. Wade, Marianne.
K5425.P77 2012
345'.01262—dc23
2011051876
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper
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Contents
List of Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi
section i | the prosecutor as policy maker, case manager,
and investigator
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Erik Luna and Marianne L. Wade
Prosecution Guidelines in the United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Ellen S. Podgor
Procedural Justice, Collateral Consequences, and the Adjudication of Misdemeanors
in the United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
John D. King
Is the Journey from the In-Box to the Out-Box a Straight Line? Th e Drive for Effi ciency
and the Prosecution of Low-Level Criminality in Germany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Shawn Boyne
Th e Interaction and Relationship between Prosecutors and Police Offi cers in the
United States, and how this Aff ects Police Reform Eff orts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
David A. Harris
Prosecutorial Control of Investigations in Europe: A Call for Judicial Oversight . . . . . . . . . . 67
Stefan Braum
section ii | plea bargaining and other “consensual procedures”
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Erik Luna and Marianne L. Wade
Th e Prosecutor’s Role: Plea Bargaining and Evidentiary Exclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Craig Bradley
Prosecutors and Bargaining in Weak Cases: A Comparative View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Jenia Iontcheva Turner
v
vi Contents
Guilty Pleas and the Changing Role of the Prosecutor in French Criminal Justice . . . . . . . . 116
Jacqueline Hodgson
Th e Dutch Prosecutor: A Prosecuting and Sentencing Offi cer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
Peter J. P. Tak
Th e Penal Order: Prosecutorial Sentencing as a Model for Criminal Justice Reform? . . . . . 156
Stephen C. Th aman
section iii | adversarial and inquisitorial systems—distinctive
aspects and convergent trends
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
Erik Luna and Marianne L. Wade
A Perfect Storm: Prosecutorial Discretion in the United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
William T. Pizzi
American Prosecutors’ Powers and Obligations in the Era of Plea Bargaining . . . . . . . . . . . 200
Darryl K. Brown
Th e Evolving Role of the English Crown Prosecution Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
Chris Lewis
Prosecutorial Powers and Policy Making in Sweden and the Other Nordic Countries . . . . 235
Josef Zila
Th e Italian Public Prosecutor: An Inquisitorial Figure in Adversarial Proceedings? . . . . . . . 250
Michele Caianiello
Obsolete Procedural Actors? Polish Prosecutors and Th eir Evidence-Gathering Duty
before and during Trial in an Inquisitorial Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268
Antoni Bojańczyk
section iv | prosecution in exceptional contexts and
nondomestic fora
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
Erik Luna and Marianne L. Wade
Prosecuting Terrorism: Models for Confronting Organized Violence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293
Wayne McCormack
Prosecuting in the Military . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314
Timothy C. MacDonnell
Obtaining Guilty Pleas for International Crimes: Prosecutorial Diffi culties . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331
Nancy Amoury Combs
Murder by Any Other Name: Genocide and the Prosecutorial Challenges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349
John Winterdyk
Contents vii
section v | overview and outlook—toward comparative
prosecution studies
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365
Erik Luna and Marianne L. Wade
A Judge by Another Name? Comparative Perspectives on the Role of the
Public Prosecutor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377
Th omas Weigend
Reporting for Duty: Th e Universal Prosecutorial Accountability Puzzle and an
Experimental Transparency Alternative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 392
Marc L. Miller and Ronald F. Wright
Failures of the Prosecutor’s Duty to “Do Justice” in Extraordinary and Ordinary
Miscarriages of Justice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 408
Robert P. Mosteller
Looking Back and at the Challenges Ahead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424
Erik Luna and Marianne L. Wade
index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445
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List of Contributors
editors and contributing authors
Erik Luna is Professor of Law, Washington and Lee University School of Law
(Lexington, Virginia).
Marianne L. Wade is Senior Lecturer and Director of the Institute of Judicial
Administration, University of Birmingham Law School (Birmingham, UK).
chapter authors (in alphabetical order)
Antoni Bojańczyk is Assistant Professor of Criminal Law, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski
University (Warsaw, Poland).
Shawn Boyne is Associate Professor of Law, Indiana University School of Law
(Indianapolis, Indiana).
Craig Bradley is Robert A. Lucas Professor of Law, Indiana University Maurer School of
Law (Bloomington, Indiana).
Stefan Braum is Professor of Criminal Law, University of Luxembourg Faculty of Law,
Economics, and Finance (Luxembourg).
Darryl K. Brown is O.M. Vicars Professor of Law, University of Virginia School of Law
(Charlottesville, Virginia).
Michele Caianiello is Associate Professor of Law, University of Bologna Faculty of Law
(Bologna, Italy).
Nancy Amoury Combs is Vice Dean and Professor of Law, College of William and Mary
Law School (Williamsburg, Virginia).
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