Table Of ContentTHE PRINCIPLES
OF INTEGRATED
TECHNOLOGY IN
AVIONICS SYSTEMS
G W
UOQING ANG
Professor
SchoolofAeronautics andAstronautics
ShanghaiJiao TongUniversity
W Z
ENHAO HAO
Master Candidate
SchoolofAeronautics andAstronautics
ShanghaiJiao TongUniversity
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Preface
The integrated system represents an effectiveness through multiple resources or-
important direction for a new generation of ganization and integration of complex
avionics system development, which de- equipmenttypes,whichultimatelyimproves
scribes organization and operation integra- effectiveness, efficiency, and performance of
tion of system applications, capabilities, and the overall system.
equipment. Integrated technology marks the Avionics system integration technology
core technique of avionics system integra- focuses on the requirements of application
tion, which is an approach to describe sys- objectives, system capabilities, and equip-
tem objectives, process, and performance ment process; considers the organization of
optimization. With the expanding scale of application tasks, system functions, and
avionics systems, more system components, equipment resources; takes advantage of
and increasingly complex system environ- system activity synthesis, process integra-
ment conditions, any single discipline, tion, information fusion, as well as resource
capability, or technology cannot cover the sharing technology; it can achieve flight
needs of application areas, operating envi- operation optimizationdenhancing the
ronment,aswellasthecapabilities.Itcannot application target, expanding the effect
support the goal, the scope of the activity scope, and improving operational effective-
area, and the room of performance of the ness; it can achieve the system function
system; neither can it provide the optimiza- process optimizationdenhancing system
tion process of system operation effective- capabilities, expanding the process range,
ness, process efficiency, and validity of and improving the process efficiency; it also
results.Therefore,thedevelopmentofanew can realize the use of equipment resources
generation of avionics systems poses a optimizationdenhancing resource sharing,
strong demand for system integration. reusing the operation process, and
Avionics system integration represents a improvingtheconfidenceofresults,inorder
system organization and integration, which to ultimately achieve the goal of avionics
is oriented to system applications, functions, systems integration.
and devices. Its main purpose is to improve Targeting the architecture organization of
the operational capability and effectiveness avionics systems, this book proposes a top-
of system application tasks through a mul- down architecture organization of the avi-
tiple applications organization and integra- onics system, discusses the capability
tion of complex flight operation; to improve composition and organization of the system
theperformanceandefficiencyofthesystem task architecture, system function architec-
function processing through multiple func- ture, and system physical architecture. For
tions organization and integration of the the integration technology of system appli-
complex system environment; and to cationtasks,thisbookalsoexplorestheflight
enhance the system resource sharing and mission architecture, flight scenario
vii
viii
Preface
identification, task capability organization, resources, functions and applications; and
task operation management, as well as the also discusses the distributed integrated
applicationtasksintegrationprocess.Forthe modular avionics (DIMA) system architec-
integration technology of system functions, ture, and the integration approach of DIMA
this book discusses the system function ar- virtual space applications and functions, as
chitecture, function discipline composition, well as the integration approach of physical
function logic organization, as well as the space resource capabilities and process.
function process integration mode. For the Finally, targeting the testing and verifica-
integration technology of system physical tion of the avionics system integration, this
resources, this book analyzes the general book introduces the system development
computing resource organization, dedicated organization architecture and the compre-
computing resource organization, dedicated hensivetestingandverificationorganization,
physicalresourceorganization,aswellasthe describes the composition of the system
equipment physical resources integration flight application process as well as the
approach. testing and verification organization of sys-
Targeting the integration approaches of tem applications integration, discusses the
application tasks, system function, and composition of system function process as
physical resources, this book, from the well as the testing and verification organi-
perspective of the design process and oper- zation of system function integration, and
ation process organization of the avionics explores the composition of system resource
system, introduces the organization process operation process as well as the testing and
of system application tasks, system function verificationorganizationofphysicalresource
capabilities, and equipment physical re- integration.
sources. It describes the generation process The compilation of this book has been
and operation process organization mode of strongly supported by Dr. Gu Qingfan, Dr.
system tasks, the generation process and Wu Jianmin, Dr. Wang Miao, Dr. Dong
operation process organization mode of Haiyong, and other relevant researchers
systemfunctions,thegenerationprocessand from China Aeronautics Radio Electronic
operation process organization mode of Research Institute of Aviation Industry Cor-
equipment resources, and it also discusses poration of China (AVIC). The book also is
theintegrationapproachbasedonthedesign supported by the National Key Basic
generation process and the integration Research Program of China (Program 973)
approach based on the operation organiza- for “research of basic problems on the inte-
tion process of avionics system. grated avionics system for large civil air-
In view of the typical application archi- crafts” and the National Science and
tecture of current avionics system integra- Technology Academic Publication Fund.
tion, this book systematically analyzes the The integration of avionics systems is
organization and balance factors of typical oriented to system design technology, with
system architecture; introduces the federa- the characteristics of new concept, broad
tion system architecture as well as the inte- scope, as well as wide range, thus there are
gration method of its resource organization, some parts in this book that might not be
function process, and application operation; complete, systematic, or perfect, and there
discusses the integrated modular avionics might also be some problems and defects;
(IMA) system architecture as well as the therefore, corrections and suggestions are
integration approach of the IMA platform highly appreciated.
ix
Preface
Our gratitude also extends to research Fangzhen from the “Publication Program of
fellow Jin Dekun from the Science and Large Aircrafts” of Shanghai Jiaotong Uni-
Technology Commission of the Aviation In- versity Press, and research fellow Zhao
dustry Corporation of China, Dr. Qian Weishan for their support and help!
C H A P T E R
1
Background introduction
O U T L I N E
1.1 Introduction 2 1.1.3.2 Organization capability
1.1.1 The concept of avionics systems 4 of flight management
1.1.1.1 The need of flight task 15
navigation 5 1.1.3.3 Processing capability of
1.1.1.2 The need for air-ground flight operation task 16
communication 6
1.2 The components of the avionics
1.1.1.3 The need for flight
system 18
display 6
1.2.1 The requirements of flight task
1.1.1.4 Flight safety surveillance
and capability organization 19
capability 7
1.2.1.1 Situational capability
1.1.1.5 Flight management
oriented to the task
capability 8
scenario organization 19
1.1.2 The tasks of avionics systems 8
1.2.1.2 Processing capability
1.1.2.1 Application mission and
oriented to task service 20
background 9
1.2.1.3 The management
1.1.2.2 Application
capability oriented to
environment and
the task scenario
scenarios 10
objectives 22
1.1.2.3 Application objectives
1.2.2 The organization mode of the
and capabilities 11
avionics system 23
1.1.2.4 Application organization
1.2.2.1 The first generation:
and results 12
separated avionics
1.1.3 The capabilities of the avionics
system 24
system 13
1.2.2.2 The second generation:
1.1.3.1 Process capability of the
federated avionics
flight task application
system 25
system activity 14
ThePrinciplesofIntegratedTechnologyinAvionicsSystems 1 ©2020ShanghaiJiaoTongUniversityPress.
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-816651-2.00001-0 PublishedbyElsevierInc.Allrightsreserved.
2
1. Backgroundintroduction
1.2.2.3 The third generation: 1.3 The developmental direction of the
integrated avionics avionics system integration 33
system 26 1.3.1 The integration orienting to the
1.2.2.4 The fourth generation: optimization of flight application
highly integrated organization 35
avionics system 28 1.3.2 The integration oriented to the
1.2.3 The modern organization mode optimization of system function
of the avionics system 29 organization 36
1.2.3.1 The task architecture 1.3.3 The integration oriented to the
construction of the optimization of equipment
avionics system oriented resources 37
to the requirements of
1.4 Summary 38
system applications 30
1.4.1 Proposing the composition of the
1.2.3.2 The functional
avionics system 39
architecture constructing
1.4.2 Clarifying the requirements and
of the avionics system
organization of the flight
oriented to the
application tasks 39
requirements of system
1.4.3 Briefly introducing the
organization 31
architectural features and
1.2.3.3 The technical
development process of the
architecture construction
avionics system 39
of the avionics system
1.4.4 Introducing the development
oriented to the
trend of the avionics system
requirements of system
integration 40
technology 32
References 40
1.1 Introduction
Avionics systems are composed of multiple applications, various functions, and diverse
equipment, with typical complex systemic characteristics featuring multiobjective, multicap-
ability, and multiprocess organization. The known complicated systems comprise a wide
range of objects that differ in shape, content, capability, as well as behavior, which have
some direct, indirect, and potential connections with other objects, and the capability, activ-
ity,aswellasenvironmentofoneobjectwillexertdifferentlevelsofimpactontheotherob-
jects. For complex systems, the way to recognize these different levels of effect, identify the
correlations among them, solve problems and defects in the system, and increase the proba-
bilityandeffectivenessofachievingthedesiredgoalshasbecomethecoreareaofthecurrent
research on complex systems.
3
1.1 Introduction
Forthemultiobjective,multicapability,andmultiprocessfeaturesofcomplexsystems,cur-
rent research mainly focuses on two different thoughts: one is big data technology, and the
other is the integration technology.
Big data technology covers data collection, statistics, mining, reasoning, and cognition in
thesystemoperationprocess.Onthebasisofalargeamountofdatageneratedbythesystem
operating environment, process, and status, it establishes activity patterns and data associa-
tion; identifies the direct, indirect, and potential connections based on the above data; ex-
plores the inner relationship, weight, and influence; and also accumulates system capacity,
knowledge as well as cognition by logic, condition, and status reasoning. In other words,
bigdatatechnologyisnotamethodthatemploystheforwardanalysisandsolutionthoughts
ofthelogicbutisanapproachthatanalyzestherunningdataandreasonstherelationshipof
theobjects.Therefore,themainproblemsregardingbigdatatechnologyare:thecomprehen-
sivenessofdatacoverage;compositionofdataandvalidityofrange;validityandaccuracyof
theassociateddata;validityofthereasoning-basedknowledgelibrary;andvalidityofknowl-
edge mining cognition.
This integration technology is a top-down forward design technology for system organi-
zation and design. In other words, it targets the complex capability, activities, and environ-
ment of the objects; constructs applications, tasks, and purposes of systemic integration;
builds capability, functions, and process of the systemic integration; establishes resources,
operation, and running of the systemic integration; as well as meets the expected goals of
thesystem.Forcomplexsystems,problemsoflackofknowledge,recognition,andconsider-
ation do exist in the current forward organization and design process. However, with the
continuous improvement of recognition, and the enhancement of the information environ-
ment organization and processing capability, the system organization will become more
comprehensive, system processing will be deeper, and the results of the system will be
moreaccurate.Especiallywiththerapiddevelopmentandpopularizationofartificialintelli-
gence technology, organization, processing, and reasoning of these complex systems will be
moreprecise,whichcangreatlyreducetheuncertaintyofthefactorsofcomplexsysteminte-
gration and also effectively improve the validity of the results of the integration systems.
Theavionicssystemiscomposedoftaskorganizations,functionalorganizations,andcom-
plex equipment related to the flight environment. There are different flight tasks and pur-
poses in different categories of flight environment; likewise, there are different processing
logic and qualities in different system functions, and there are different operation modes
andperformancesindifferentequipmentcapabilities.Foravionicssystems,thewaytoorga-
nize the flight tasks torealize theflight purposesand effectiveness,the waytoorganize sys-
temfunctionstoimprovesystemcapabilityandefficiency,aswellasthewaytoorganizethe
equipmentcapabilitiessoastoimprovetherateandeffectivenessofresourcesutilization,re-
quires a high level of system integration technology.
Theavionicssystemisdividedintothreelevels:(1)theavionicssystemisanaircraftflight
organizationandmanagementsystem,whichisbasedontheflightplan,consideringairspace
management, targeting the meteorological environment, relying on infrastructure, by means
of air-to-ground collaboration, achieving safe, effective, and efficient flight; (2) the avionics
systemisthecapabilityorganizationcenteroftheaircraftsystem,whichprovidescapabilities
offlightrouteguidance,trafficsituationawareness,flighttaskidentification,flightorganiza-
tion decision, flight safety surveillance, flight capability assurance, flight information
4
1. Backgroundintroduction
management,etc.;(3)theavionicssystemisanaircraftequipmentorganizationandmanage-
ment platform that meets the needs of hosted applications, and requirements of the organi-
zation running modes, logical processing capabilities, operation process efficiency, working
conditions, capability status management, as well as validity of the result status, etc.
Avionics system integration represents the system organization and integration, which is
orientedtosystemapplications,functions,andequipment.Itsmainpurposeistoimprovethe
operational capability and effectiveness of system applications through a multiple
applicationsorganizationandintegrationofcomplexflightoperation;toimprovetheperfor-
manceandefficiencyofthesystemfunctionprocessingthroughmultiplefunctionsorganiza-
tion and integration of the complex system environment; to enhance the system resource
sharing and effectiveness through multiple resources organization and integration of
complex equipment types; which ultimately improves effectiveness, efficiency, and perfor-
mance of the overall system.
Orientedtotheneedsofsystemapplicationobjectives,systemcapabilities,andtheequip-
ment operations, avionics system integration technology consults the organization of appli-
cation tasks, system functions, and equipment resource, and takes the means of system
integration technology of activity integration, process integration, information fusion, as
well as resource sharing. Finally, it can achieve flight process optimizationdenhancing the
application objectives, expanding the effect scope, and improving operational efficiency;
anditachievestheoptimizationofsystemfunctionalprocessingdenhancingsystemcapabil-
ities, expanding the processing range, and improving the processing efficiency; and it opti-
mizes the use of equipment resourcesdenhancing resource sharing, reusing the operation
process, and improving the confidence of results. Ultimately, it achieves the goal of avionics
systems integration.
1.1.1 The concept of avionics systems
Initially, avionics refers to a subject that applies electronic technology in the field of aero-
nautics (mainly aircraft). With the development of electronic technology, especially digital
electronic technology, information technology, as well as computer technology, the role
andcapabilityofavionicsarenolongerconfinedtotherealizationandpromotionoftheorig-
inal instrumental capability of the aircraft. Instead, oriented to the overall flight capability
anditsorganization,itformstheflightcapabilityorganizationandrealization,flightprocess
guidance and control, as well as aircraft condition surveillance and management. Avionics
systems have transformed from providing aircraft capability support to task organization
and management. Therefore, the current avionics are generally referred to as avionics
systems.
As related technologies develop, electronic technology and computer technology are
deeplyinvolvedinthecapabilityandrealizationprocessoftheaircraftbodyandtheengine.
For instance, deformation control of the aircraft and monitoring of engine fuel injection
have gone beyond the scope of the flight task system. Currently, some literary works refer
toanyfieldandactivitycapabilitiesrelatingtotheaircraftelectronicsystemsastheavionics
system, but most of the works consider the avionics system as the flight task system itself.
This book mainly defines avionics as referring to the flight task-oriented organization and
management.
