Table Of ContentThePrincesoftheMughalEmpire,1504–1719
Forroughlytwohundredyears,theMughalemperorsruledsupremein
northernIndia.HowwasitpossiblethataMuslim,ethnicallyTurkish,
Persian-speakingdynastyestablisheditselfintheIndiansubcontinentto
becomeoneof the largestand mostdynamic empires onearth?In this
rigorous new interpretation of the period, Munis D. Faruqui explores
MughalstateformationthroughthepivotalroleoftheMughalprinces.
Inachallengetopreviousscholarship,thebooksuggeststhatfarfrom
underminingthefoundationsofempire,thecourtintriguesandpolitical
backbiting that were features of Mughal political life – and that fre-
quently resulted in rebellions and wars of succession – actually helped
spread, deepen, and mobilize Mughal power through an empire-wide
networkoffriendsandallies.Thisengagingbook,whichtrawlsadiverse
archive of European and Persian sources, takes the reader from the
founding of the empire under Babur to its decline in the 1700s. When
theprincelyinstitutionatrophied,sotoodidtheMughalEmpire.
MunisD.FaruquiisanassociateprofessorintheDepartmentofSouth
andSoutheastAsianStudiesattheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley.He
is a co-editor of two forthcoming volumes: Religious Interactions in
Mughal India (forthcoming), and Expanding Frontiers in South Asian
and World History: Essays in Honor of John F. Richards (Cambridge
UniversityPress,forthcoming).
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The Princes of the Mughal Empire,
–
1504 1719
MUNIS D. FARUQUI
DepartmentofSouthandSoutheastAsianStudies,
UniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley
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cambridge university press
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Firstpublished2012
PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica
AcatalogrecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary.
LibraryofCongressCataloginginPublicationData
Faruqui,MunisDaniyal,1967–
PrincesoftheMughalEmpire,1504–1719/MunisD.Faruqui.
p. cm.
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
isbn978-1-107-02217-1
1. MogulEmpire–History. 2. MogulEmpire–Courtandcourtiers.
3. Princes–MogulEmpire. I. Title.
ds461.f37 2012
954.02050922–dc23
2012007342
isbn978-1-107-02217-1Hardback
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ForClare
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Contents
ListofMapsandIllustrations pageviii
Acknowledgments ix
MughalFamilyTree xi
Chronology xiii
NoteonTransliterationandTranslation xvii
Introduction 1
1 Prologue:SettingtheStage,1504–1707 24
2 TheEarlyYears,1504–1556 46
3 PrincelyHouseholds 66
4 FriendsandAllies 134
5 DisobedienceandRebellion 181
6 WarsofSuccession 235
7 ThePrinceShackled,1680s–1707 274
Conclusion 309
Bibliography 327
Index 341
vii
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Maps and Illustrations
maps
MughalEmpirein1530(Babur) page27
MughalEmpirein1605(Akbar) 32
MughalEmpirein1707(Aurangzeb) 43
illustrations
BaburreceivingthecapitulationofKabulin910H(A.D.1504),
ca.1590orearlier 50
Mirza‘AskarisubmitstoHumayun,ca.1603–4 59
(Baby)ShahShuja,ca.1650 69
HumayuncelebratesAkbar’scircumcision,ca.1603–4 79
MasterandPupil(perhapsPrinceSalimwithhistutor),late
16thcentury 80
YoungPrince,ca.1650–60 104
TheMaharanaofMewarsubmittingtoPrinceKhurram,ca.1618 113
Aprinceholdinganaudience,18thcentury 121
RejoicingatthebirthofPrinceSalim,late16thcentury 145
PrinceSalimwithacourtierandattendantsinatent,ca.1600 151
PrinceSalimatahunt,ca.1600–4 154
TheMughalPrinceParvezandaholyman,early17thcentury 155
Dara-ShikohwithMianMirandMullaShah,ca.1635 167
EmperorJahangirweighingPrinceKhurram(ShahJahan)against
goldandsilver,ca.1615 198
BattleofSamugarh,ca.1658 245
Aurangzebonapalki,ca.1690 275
AzamShah,18thcentury 291
BahadurShahI(formerlyPrinceMu‘azzam),ca.1710 304
viii
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Acknowledgments
Thisbookhasbeenalongtimeinthemaking.Itistheoutcomeofnotonly
my own research and teaching, but the scholarship of others as well.
Among the many specialists cited in the bibliography, I am particularly
indebtedtothepriorworkofMuzaffarAlam,M.AtharAli,KarenBarkey,
Jos Gommans, Irfan Habib, Farhat Hasan, Iqtidar Alam Khan, Leslie
Peirce, James Scott, and Sanjay Subrahmanyam. My greatest intellectual
debt,however,istomylatesupervisorandfriendJohnF.Richards.Iwish
hehadlivedtoseethisbook.
Atvariousstagesofthisproject–whiletryingtocomeupwithaviable
dissertation topic, learning languages, working on grant applications,
toilinginthearchivesinIranandIndia,writingmydissertation,thinking
about converting my dissertation into a book, and finally writing it and
bringing it to publication – I have been the recipient of immeasurable
friendship, kindness, and support. Among others, I’d like to thank
MarigoldAcland,ShabbirAhmed,MuzaffarandRizwanaAlam,Soheila
Amirsoleimani,HannahArchambault,NataliaBarbera,RichardBarnett,
Monika Biradavolu, Craig Borowiak, Ali Boutouta, Una Cadegan,
Marybeth Carlson, Kavita Datla, Dick Davis, Penny Edwards,
Carl Ernst, Ellen Fleischmann, Teri Fisher, Will Glover, Sally and
Bob Goldman, Shireen Habibi, Jonathan Haddad, Shagufta and Imtiaz
Hasnain, Brad Hume, the late Mazhar Husain, Nasreen Husain and her
family,RuquiaHussain,VasantKaiwar,EmmaKalb,AyeshaKarim,the
lateIqbalGhaniKhanandtheentireSamanZaarclan,MatthewKlingle,
BrendanLaRocque,BruceLawrence,LauraLeming,MartinLewis,Linda
and Theo Majka, Karuna Mantena, Rama Mantena, Monica Mehta,
Caroline Merithew, Barbara and Tom Metcalf, Shireen Moosvi,
ix
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