The Prehistory of the Balto-Slavic Accent

285 Pages·2017·2.229 MB·English

by  Jay H. Jasanoff

The Prehistory of the Balto-Slavic Accent
Brill’s Studies in Indo-European
Languages & Linguistics
Series Editors
Craig Melchert (University of California at Los Angeles)
Olav Hackstein (Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich)
Editorial Board
José-Luis García-Ramón (University of Cologne)
Andrew Garrett (University of California at Berkeley)
Stephanie Jamison (University of California at Los Angeles)
Joshua T. Katz (Princeton University)
Alexander Lubotsky (Leiden University)
Alan J. Nussbaum (Cornell University)
Georges-Jean Pinault (École Pratique des Hautes Études, Paris)
Jeremy Rau (Harvard University)
Elisabeth Rieken (Philipps-Universität Marburg)
Stefan Schumacher (Vienna University)
Volume 17
The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/bsiel
The Prehistory of the
Balto-Slavic Accent
By
Jay H. Jasanoff
LEIDEN | BOSTON
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The Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available online at http://catalog.loc.gov
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Contents
Preface xi
List of Abbreviations xiv
1 The Indo-European Background 1
1.1 Proto-Indo-European 2
1.1.1 The Segmental Inventory 2
1.1.2 Accent and Ablaut 4
1.2 Indo-Iranian 7
1.2.1 Udātta and svarita 7
1.2.2 Paradigmatic Mobility 8
1.2.3 Distractable Long Vowels 9
1.3 Greek 10
1.3.1 Acute and Circumflex 10
1.3.2 The Law of Limitation 12
1.3.3 Final -ai and -oi 13
1.3.4 Paradigmatic Mobility in Greek 14
1.4 Anatolian 15
1.5 Germanic 16
1.5.1 Bimoric and Trimoric Vowels 16
1.5.2 Verner Doublets 19
1.6 Accent and Ablaut in Secondary Derivation 20
1.6.1 Internal Derivation 20
1.6.2 External Derivation 22
1.7 Theoretical Issues 24
1.7.1 The Generative-compositional Approach 24
1.7.2 Discussion 26
1.7.3 Conclusion 29
2 Balto-Slavic: The Descriptive Picture 31
2.1 Lithuanian 32
2.1.1 Acute and Circumflex 32
2.1.2 Acuteness as a Property of Morphemes 34
2.1.3 The Autonomy of Acuteness 36
2.1.4 Saussure’s Law 38
2.1.5 Mobility 39
2.1.6 Žemaitian 41
2.1.7 Summary 42
vi Contents
2.2 Slavic 42
2.2.1 Rising and Falling Accents 43
2.2.2 Enclinomena 45
2.2.3 Stang 45
2.2.3.1 Accent Paradigm a 46
2.2.3.2 Accent Paradigm c and Meillet’s Law 47
2.2.3.3 Accent Paradigm b 50
2.2.4 Dybo’s Law 52
2.2.5 Lexical vs. Left-marginal Accent 55
2.2.6 The Autonomy of Acuteness in Slavic 56
2.2.7 Componential Interpretation of the Slavic Accents 59
2.2.8 Slavic vs. Lithuanian 61
2.3 Latvian and Old Prussian 62
2.3.1 Latvian 62
2.3.2 Old Prussian 64
2.4 Conclusion: Proto-Balto-Slavic 67
2.4.1 Accent 67
2.4.2 Acuteness 70
2.4.3 Summary 72
3 The Origin of Acuteness 74
3.1 The Scope of the Problem 74
3.2 Jasanoff 2004: Acuteness from Length 76
3.2.1 Balto-Slavic and Germanic 76
3.2.2 Acute vs. Non-acute Diphthongs 78
3.3 Kortlandt: Acuteness from Glottalic Contact 80
3.4 The Treatment of Inherent Long Vowels 83
3.4.1 Métatonie Douce 83
3.4.2 Vrd̥ dhi and Narten Derivation 86
3.4.3 Final Syllables 89
3.4.4 Diphthongal Endings 91
3.4.5 Monosyllables 95
3.5 Acute vs. Circumflex in Verbal Forms 97
3.5.1 BCS dònijeh, ùmrijeh, zàkleh, rȉjeh 97
3.5.2 PSl. *dȃ, Lith. duõs 99
3.5.3 Lith. gé̇rė vs. bė�rė 101
3.6 Summary 102
Contents vii
4 Mobility and the Left-Marginal Accent 104
4.1 Post-mobility Accent Shifts: Hirt’s Law 105
4.2 Theories of Mobility 108
4.2.1 Saussure 1896 108
4.2.2 Oxytonicity and Mobility 109
4.2.3 Evaluation 111
4.2.4 Olander 2009 113
4.3 Toward a New Theory 115
4.3.1 Verbs 115
4.3.2 The Structure of a Theory of Mobility 117
4.4 Saussure-Pedersen’s Law 118
4.4.1 Saussure Revisited 118
4.4.2 The “Obstacles” 120
4.4.3 The Rule 122
4.4.4 Phonetics and Phonology of SPL 125
4.5 Proto-Vasil’ev-Dolobko’s Law 126
4.5.1 Word Length and Accent Placement 126
4.5.2 The Rule and Its Effects 128
4.5.3 The Origin of VDL 129
5 Mobility in Nominal Forms 131
5.1 ā-, i-, and u-stems: The Light Cases 131
5.1.1 The Common Curve 131
5.1.2 Nominative Singular (x . . x̍) 133
5.1.3 Genitive Singular (x . . x̍) 133
5.1.4 Dative Singular (x᷅ . . x) 134
5.1.5 Accusative Singular (x᷅ . . x) 135
5.1.6 Locative Singular (x . . x̍) 137
5.1.7 Nominative Plural (x᷅ . . x) 138
5.1.8 Accusative Plural (x᷅ . . x) 139
5.1.9 Nominative-accusative Dual (x᷅ . . x) 140
5.2 Masculine o-stems: The Light Cases 141
5.2.1 Forms Conforming to the Normal Curve 141
5.2.2 Forms Not Conforming to the Normal Curve 142
5.2.2.1 o-stem Genitive Singular (x᷅ . . x) 142
5.2.2.2 o-stem Locative Singular (x᷅ . . x) 143
5.2.2.3 o-stem Nominative Plural (x . . x̍) 144
5.2.3 Summary: The Masculine o-stem Curve (Light Cases) 147
viii Contents
5.3 The Heavy Cases 147
5.3.1 Proto-VDL in nouns 147
5.3.2 Genitive Plural (x . . x̍) 151
5.3.3 Dative Plural (x . . x̍) 152
5.3.4 Instrumental Plural (x . . x̍) 153
5.3.5 Locative Plural (x . . x̍) 154
5.3.6 Dative and Instrumental Dual (x . . x̍) 155
5.3.7 Addendum: the Instrumental Singular 156
5.4 Neuters 158
5.4.1 o-stems 158
5.4.1.1 The Nom.-Acc. Endings 158
5.4.1.2 The Treatment of Oxytone Neuters 159
5.4.1.3 Illič-Svityč’s Law 162
5.4.1.4 Root-accented o-stem Neuters 164
5.4.1.5 Summary: Accent and Gender in Non-acute
o-stems in Slavic 165
5.4.2 Neuter Consonant Stems 166
5.5 Pronouns 169
5.5.1 Demonstratives 169
5.5.2 Personal Pronouns 170
5.6 Valency 172
5.6.1 Dominant vs. Recessive 172
5.6.2 Secondary Derivatives 174
5.6.3 The Derivational Accent Rule 176
5.6.4 Valency: Summary 179
6 Mobility in the Verb 180
6.1 Overview 180
6.2 Thematic Presents 182
6.2.1 The Simple Thematic Type 183
6.2.1.1 Explaining Mobility 183
6.2.1.2 The Accentuation of the Optative 186
6.2.1.3 The Extension of the Mobile Pattern 188
6.2.1.4 tudáti-presents and Thematic Barytonization 189
6.2.2 Extended Thematic Presents 192
6.2.2.1 Nasal Presents 192
6.2.2.2 The Baltic Presents in -sta- 194
6.2.2.3. Presents in *-ie̯ /o- 195
6.2.3 Thematic Presents: Summary 198
Contents ix
6.4 The Slavic type in *-i-, inf. *-iti
6.4.1 The “regular” forms
6.3 “Semithematic” Presents in Baltic 199
6.4.2 AP b vs. b
6.3.1 The Baltic Presents in *-ā- 200 1 2
6.4.3 “Poluotmetnost’”
6.3.2 The Baltic Presents in *-ĭ- 201
6.4.4 The origin of AP b
6.3.3 Immobility in i-presents 205 2
6.5 Athematic presents
6.4 The Slavic type in *-i-, inf. *-iti 207
6.6 Beyond the present system
6.4.1 The “Regular” Forms 207
6.6.1 Mobility and valency in the Slavic verb
6.4.2 AP b vs. b  209
1 2
6.6.2 The infinitive and supine
6.4.3 “Poluotmetnost’ ” 212
6.6.3 The aorist
6.4.4 The Origin of AP b  215
2
6.6.4 Participles
6.5 Athematic Presents 217
6.6.5 Baltic
6.6 Beyond the Present System 220
6.6.1 Mobility and Valency in the Slavic Verb 220
7 Summary
6.6.2 The Infinitive and Supine 221
7.1 From PIE to Proto-Balto-Slavic
6.6.3 The Aorist 223
7.2 From Proto-Balto-Slavic to the later languages
6.6.4 Participles 226
6.6.5 Baltic 229
Appendix: Glossary of terms
Bibliography
7 Summary 231
7.1 From PIE to Proto-Balto-Slavic 231
7.2 From Proto-Balto-Slavic to the Later Languages 233
Appendix: Glossary of Terms 235
Bibliography 238
Index of Forms Cited 251