The Pope and the professor : Pius IX, Ignaz von Döllinger, and the quandary of the modern age

360 Pages·2017·5.56 MB·English

by  Howard

THE POPE AND THE PROFESSOR

The Pope and
the Professor
Pius IX, Ignaz von Döllinger, and
the Quandary of the Modern Age
THOMAS ALBERT HOWARD
1
3
GreatClarendonStreet,Oxford,OX26DP,
UnitedKingdom
OxfordUniversityPressisadepartmentoftheUniversityofOxford.
ItfurtherstheUniversity’sobjectiveofexcellenceinresearch,scholarship,
andeducationbypublishingworldwide.Oxfordisaregisteredtrademarkof
OxfordUniversityPressintheUKandincertainothercountries
©ThomasAlbertHoward2017
Themoralrightsoftheauthorhavebeenasserted
FirstEditionpublishedin2017
Impression:1
Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedin
aretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,withoutthe
priorpermissioninwritingofOxfordUniversityPress,orasexpresslypermitted
bylaw,bylicenceorundertermsagreedwiththeappropriatereprographics
rightsorganization.Enquiriesconcerningreproductionoutsidethescopeofthe
aboveshouldbesenttotheRightsDepartment,OxfordUniversityPress,atthe
addressabove
Youmustnotcirculatethisworkinanyotherform
andyoumustimposethissameconditiononanyacquirer
PublishedintheUnitedStatesofAmericabyOxfordUniversityPress
198MadisonAvenue,NewYork,NY10016,UnitedStatesofAmerica
BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData
Dataavailable
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2016952213
ISBN 978–0–19–872919–8
PrintedinGreatBritainby
ClaysLtd,StIvesplc
LinkstothirdpartywebsitesareprovidedbyOxfordingoodfaithand
forinformationonly.Oxforddisclaimsanyresponsibilityforthematerials
containedinanythirdpartywebsitereferencedinthiswork.
To Kenneth G. Elzinga and James Davison Hunter,
mentors and friends,
who helped me find my way when I was younger

Acknowledgments
Permitmetobeginwithwhatoftencomeslast:anyerrorsorgeneralwrong-
headednessinthisbookisentirelythefaultoftheauthor.Withthatunpleas-
ant truth acknowledged, let me with great pleasure thank the many
institutionsand individuals that have contributedto making this book much
betterthanIcouldbymyownlightsandefforts.
I have received generous funding from the German Academic Exchange
(DAAD), the John Templeton Foundation through its Religion and Innov-
ation in Human Affairs initiative, the Earhart Foundation, and the summer
scholarship and faculty sabbatical programs at Gordon College. I am also
gratefultoValparaisoUniversityanditsProvostMarkBiermannforgranting
mealeaveinthespringsemesterof2016,duringwhichIwasabletocomplete
thisproject.
A number of professional organizations and universities have given me
opportunitiestopresentonaspectsofthisprojectandtoreceiveconstruct-
ive feedback, for which I am very grateful. These include the Radcliffe
InstituteforAdvancedStudyatHarvardUniversity;theCentreforResearch
in the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities at Cambridge University; the
InterfaithProgrammeatCambridgeUniversity;theOxfordResearchCentre
in the Humanities at Oxford University; the Ecclesiological Investigations
InternationalResearchNetwork;MarymountUniversity, Georgetown Univer-
sity; Pepperdine University; Louisiana State University; Loyola University
Maryland; the University of Notre Dame, Baylor University; the Conference
on Faith and History; the American Society of Church History; the American
Catholic Historical Association; the Consortium on the Revolutionary Era,
1750–1850;andtheInstitutfürEuropäischeGeschichteinMainz,Germany.
Anabidingpleasureofhistoricalresearchistheopportunitytotraveltoand
workin archives andlibraries. Thisproject hastakenme tomany wonderful
sites,includingtheArchivioSegretoVaticano(Rome);theBistumsarchivder
altkatholischen Kirche Deutschlands (Bonn); the Handschriftenabteilung of
theBayerischeStaatsbibliothekandtheBayerischesHauptstaatsarchiv(Mun-
ich); the British Library (London); the Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek
Bonn; the Universitäts-Bibliothek Frankfurt am Main; the Archives of Cam-
bridge University Library; Harvard University’s Widener Library; and the
Andover-Harvard Theological Library (Cambridge, Massachusetts). For the
patience,professionalism,andmanycourtesiesofstaffmembersatthesefine
institutions,Iamdeeplythankful.
viii Acknowledgments
Withrespecttoindividuals,IowespecialgratitudetoFranzXaverBischof
oftheUniversityofMunich,whereIspentseveralmonthsinresidenceinthe
spring semester of 2013. Conversations with Professor Bischof and his past
scholarshiphavebeensignificantinshapingmyownwork.WhileinMunich,
I had the good fortunate of lodging in the venerable Herzogliches Georgia-
num,forwhichIamespeciallygratefultoitsdirector,WinfriedHaunerland.
Furthermore, I would like to thank the encouragement, scholarship, and
hospitalityoftheChristkatholischetheologianAngelaBerlisoftheUniversity
of Bern, Switzerland. Anyone who treats Döllinger owes a debt to the rich
corpus of Victor Conzemius, so I thank him, too, for his efforts over many
decades.Finally,IoweadebttoHubertHuppertzforhisworkintranscribing
andhencerenderingmorelegiblemanyoftheletterstoDöllingerfoundinthe
BayerischeStaatsbibliothekinMunich.
IwouldlikethankUtePossekel,RichardSchaefer,andUlrichLehner,who
read through the entire manuscript and helped save me from my ignorance
and prejudices. Other individuals who deserve a word of gratitude include
GeraldAch,ClausArnold,GarethAtkins,PaulBauman,MontgomeryBrown,
Mark D. Chapman, Janel Curry, Eamon Duffy, Günter Eßer, Massimo Fag-
gioli, David F. Ford, Simon Goldhill, Marco Grilli, Mike Higton, Dominique
Mamberti,MelPiehl,AgnesPlabst,WilliamPortier,MaxSchreiber,Siegfried
Thuringer, Laura Whitney, George Williamson, Johannes Wischmeyer,
ImtrudWitsch,JessicaWojtun,DonaldYerxa,andJohannesZachhuber.
The interlibrary loan staff at Gordon College, and especially Lori Franz,
deserve divine blessing for their many labors on my behalf. Likewise, my
former, highly competent and long-suffering staff members at Gordon’s
Center for Faith and Inquiry deserve my heartfelt gratitude; these include
RyanGroff,DebbieDrost,SusanneMcCarron,andVictoriaQuay.Severalof
our student aides and “apprentices” at the Center also lent a hand along the
way, so a robust thanks to Elizabeth (Libby) Baker, Katharine Stephens,
Matthew Reese, Hilary (Sherratt) Yancey, and Mary Hierholzer. Not least,
the blessedly meticulous Elspeth Currie did a remarkable job in helping me
secureimagesandpermissionsandcompletethebibliography.
Aspects of this book call attention to the history of the Papal States in
central Italy. Some ideas for the book were hatched during stays at Gordon
College’s study-abroad program in Orvieto, Italy (once part of the Papal
States), directed by John Skillen and Matthew Doll. I am grateful to them
forcreatinganenvironmentconducivetoscholarlyreflection.
Portionsofthebookhavepreviouslyappearedasarticlesinjournals.These
include“NeitheraSecularnorConfessionalAge:IgnazvonDöllinger,Vatican
I, and the Bonn Reunion Conferences of 1874 and 1875,” Journal of the
Historical Society 11 (March 2011): 59–84 and “A Question of Conscience:
The Excommunication of Ignaz von Döllinger,” Commonweal 141 (October
10, 2014): 14–20. I also contributed a chapter on Döllinger in Claus Arnold
Acknowledgments ix
and Johannes Wischmeyer, eds., Transnationale Dimensionen wissenschaftli-
cher Theologie (Göttingen: Veröffentlichungen des Instituts für Europäische
GeschichteMainz,2013).Iamgratefultobeabletoreproducematerialfrom
thesesources.
Tom Perridge and Karen Raith at Oxford University Press have been
relentlesslyencouragingofmyworkandareparagonsofprofessionalismand
goodsense.Ihopethey,too,takesatisfactioninthecompletionofthisbook.
Finally, I remain abidingly thankful to the support and assistance of my
smart,helpful,andcherishedwife,AgnesR.Howard,withoutwhom...
This book is dedicated to Kenneth G. Elzinga and James Davison Hunter,
mentorsandfriends,whohelpedmefindmywayduringgraduateschool.
ThomasAlbertHoward
Valparaiso,Indiana,
October2016