The Politics of Trade and Industrial Policy in Africa: Forced Consensus

376 Pages·2004·4.73 MB·English

by  Charles Chukwuma Soludo

THEP OLITIOCFST RADE
ANDI NDUSTRPIOALLI CIYN
AFRICA
FORCECDO NCENSUS?
Editbeyd
CharlCe.sS oludo,
OsitOag bu&
Ha-JooCnh ang
INTERNATIODNEAVLE LOPMERNETS EARCCEHN TRE
Ottawa• C airoD'a kar* J ohalUlesgb *u Mrontevid·e Noairo*bNie wD elh'i Singapore
AfriWcoar lPdr ess, Inc.
0)
'-0""'00, ,.o .. �
Trenl,.on..,0,8) 6 07 A!:mara. I:KII W.I:A
AfriWcoar lPdr esIsn,c .
0
'.0._'_ ,.O._�
Trenton. NJ OHWi' Asman!,I:KIIRkA
Copyright©2 004 InternatiDoenvaell opmReenste arCcehn t(rleO Re)
FirPstri nti2n004g
Joinptulbyl ibsyh ed
AFRICWAO RLD PRESS
P.OB.o x1 829,T rentNone,w J ers0e8y6 07
[email protected]/i canworld.com
andt he
InternatiDoenvaell opmReenste arCcehn tre
POB ox8 500O,t tawOaN, C anadKa I3 HG9
info@idrc/w. wcwa.idrc.ca
ISB1N- 55250-125-6
An righrtess ervNedo. p arotf t hipsu blicamtaiyob ner eproducsedt,o rienda
retriseyvsatloe rmt ransmiitnat neyfd o romr b ya nym eanesl ectrmoencihca,n ical,
photocopyirencgo,r doiron tgh erwwiisteh otuhtpe r iworri ttpeenr msiisoonf t he
publisThheirbs.o omka ybe consulotneldi antwe w w.idrc.ca.
Covedre sigRno:g eDro rmann
LibroafCry o ngrCeastsa loging-iDna-tPau blication
Thep olitoiftc rsa adne di ndustrpioallii cnAy fr ic:af orced
consens/ue sd?i tbeydC harlCe.sS oludOos,i tOag bua,n dH a-JoCohna ng.
p.cm.
ISBN1 -5922641--X1( hardback)--I1S-B5N9 221-(1p6b5k-.8)
1.A frica--Commpeorlcii2ca.Iyl n. d ustproilailAc fryi-c-Ia..
SoludCoh,a rlCehsu kwumIaI.O. g buM,i chaOesli tIaI.CI h.a ngH,a -Joo.n
HF16116.5P2004
338.96--dc22
2003025559
CONTENTS
Prefa.c...e.. .................................................................................................................v. .......
1.A SyntheosfiM sa jorT hemeisn t heP olitiEccaoln omy
ofT rade aInndd ustrializianAt firoinc.. .a.. ..........................................................1..
CharlC.e sS oludaon dO sitOag bu
2.D emocratisaGtlioobna,l isaatnidEo fnf ectPiovlei Mcayk inign A fri.c..a... ......4. 3
AdebayOo.O lukoshi
3. SelectIinvdeu strainadTl r adPeo liciineD se velopCionugn tries:
TheoretiacnadEl m piricIasls u.e...s.. .....................................................................7 5
SajnayaL all
4. TheP olitiocfsT radPeo liicnyA fri.c..a... ..........................................................I..I I
CharlC.e sS oludaon dO sita Ogbu
5. InstitutFioounnadla tifoonrEs ff ectiDvees igann dI mplementaotfi on
Tradaen dI ndustrPioalli ciineL se ast DeveElcoopneodm i..e..s... ...................1. 35
Ha-JooCnh ang
6. SoutAhf ricEac:o nomiPco licy-MaaknidnI gm plementaitniA ofnr ica:
A Studoyf S trateTgriacd aen dS electIinvdeu strPioalli c.i...e..s.. ...................1. 51
DaviLde wiKsa,b elRoe eda ndE thelT eljeur
7. MauritiPuosl:i cy-MaikniA nfgr i.c...a.. ..............................................................1. 79
VeepiBnh owonN,ara induth BooadnhdPo yon eAe. C hellpaermal
8. KenyaF:o rmulatiaonnd I mplementaotfiS otnr ateTgriacd aen d
IndustrPioalli c.i...e...s... .......................................................................................2. 05
GerrishKo.ln k iaraJ,o shuOal ewey-uNnyaan,d W altOedrh iambo
9. ZimbabweE:c onomiPco licy-MaaknidnI gm plementation:
A Studoyf S trateTgriacd aen dS electIinvdeu strPioalli c.i...e..s.. ....................2 25
BensoZnw izwaAid,m orKea mbudaznid B on/aMcaeu wa
10U.g andaS:t rateTgriacd aen dI ndustProyl icy-MaikniA nfgr i.c...a.. .............2...5 3
TenkrBi onger
11S.e negaIln:s titutAisopneaclot fsT radaen dI ndustry .P..o...l..i...c..y... .........2...7. 1
GayeD affea ndM omarC oumbDai op
12.Co tDe' IvoiProel:i Mcayk inagn dI mplementation:
ExamploefsS electiTvrea daen dS trateIgnidcu strPioalli c..i..e...s.. .............3...1. 5
KouassOyu ssoPue,g atieJnaacnq uaensdB ambaN galadjo
13N.i geriTah:eP olitiEccaoln omoyf t heP olicy Process,
Policy ChaonidIc mep lementa.t....i..o..n... ..........................................................3 41
N. I.lkp ezeC., C.S oludaon dN. N..Elekwa
iii
Thipsa gien tentliefto nballalyn k
PREFACE
Everycoonnec ewrinteAhdf cria'desv elopwmoeunlbtdei nterienus ntdeedr staanndd ing
charraiczttiehnpego lipcryo ceAsfrs iciBanu. vt e rlyti ltievn estmheangsto nien ttoh is
areoafi nquiinsr pyi otfte h iem menbseen efsiutceshx ercciosueplsod t entyiiaellldy.
Ther isaknscd o mpleaxsistotyce widia tthh eixse racnitdsh ee miutnreklyl etceatruiranl
mayh avbee esno moef t hfeca totrhsa t ikneqputi smiitnidavstbe a yF.r osmt udies
conudcteeldws heermeo,s tilny dtehvee lcoopuedn tarniu ensd,e rstoaftn hdpeio nlgi cy
prociesus sse fiunl consttrhufecor tmia nngdc ontoefnp to licy aanddiv nsi hcaer,p ly
foucsisnugca hd viocnae p propcreinatteer s.
This wbaosom ko tviatbeydt hoeb servtahtaditeo snep t ihtfeca tt haAtfr iccaonu ntries
havsew unwgi tthh ep endulouffm da sa ndf sahioinnts h dee veloplmeiertnatt ure
regianrtdgh teh ruosftt r aadnedi ndruispatoll icbioettshh, ae g greagnadti en dividual
countpreyor rfmanicnee ach chaassbe e evna riaenddg enelryda liasppointing.
Explanaotfit ohnels a csktlrpuee orrfmanhcaev neo tb een convMianitcnrisenagm.
analaynsrdie sf oprrmo grfaoimsst uepdo tnh ecsoeu nthraivreeus l oeudat n pyr ospect
for stroarts eegliecc tiavnedi ntudrsatdrpeio alli cTiheer seo.ans fso sru cahs tanacree
noatl waiytnse rlnyca olntseinsOtn.o neh anidti, s a rgutehdat th essteer gatipco licies
(whiwcehrb ee lvieedb ym antyo h avper opellseudc cotefhEs eas sAts ieacno nomies)
arien feefctiovrie r,r elientv haceno tn toefx trA ifccaonn diatnidgo lnosb aliOzna tion.
thoet hhearn di,t airsgu tehdab te cauosfpe a sftiau lreasn dt h"ep eculAifrairc"a n
institduetfiiioecnnacsliu ecsph,o liciesb eec xapnencotttose udc ceetdh reie ng ion.
Pardaoxicdaelslepyn i,et artlwyo deocfal daseisse z-rfeafiorr(emg su ibdyen doa ctive
indtursipaoll iacni"den se uttrraalpd"oe l icaigegsr)ep,ge aortrfem anhcaes bneoeatnn y
bettMeorr.Ae f riccaonu ntcroinetsit noju oeit nhl ee agoufle e ast decvoeulnotpreide s,
andt hec oncentroafte ixopno rotnps r imacroym modiitswi oersns ienwgi tthh e
conesquenocfet sh eh ighvloyl attierlmeos ft radAeg.ia nf,ia lruei sb lmaedo n
institwuetaikonneaaslns idem sp leenmtaftiaiulorneT .he mreu st tihneef enfc,bt e,s ome
"pceulrAi fraiccaonn dittihoamnatsk "ter aadneid dn ustproilailoc fai levlsi angtenso tto
succaesed de signed.
Thes ecahrliignho tu,rv iehwa,st o s hitftoa proper nduinnodfget rhs"etp aolicy
environ-metnhpteo" l iteiccoanloo mfpy o licchyo iacnedi mplementtaotgieotnh,e r
witahlt lh deo mesatniedcx tefrcantaoltr hsac tic rumscsruicbahene nvironImnte hnits.
regasredv,eq ruaels tbieofgno asrn sweWrhsyf:,o erx amphlaevp,ea spto li(csieelse ctive
orl aeizs-srfeaf)iia leidnm oscto untWrhioed se?s igtnhepedo liacnidwe hsa wte re the
motivaatnicdoo nnss tiftousreu ncpchoy l icWiheast? bnairnpggra oic(easntsdh a ec tors)
letdot hpeo licained s,h otwh aidfsief dct th iem pleenmtation Hporwco ocueolsndse ?
charactthe"erp iozleei ncrvyoi nmeintts, "d yenvaomliuoctv ietorin m aen,wd h at impact,
ifa nyh,a st hidsy namic ehvaodlo untt hieeof nef ctiveonfpe oslsi dceys iagnnd
implemenWthaatitis to hnre?e levoafnm caei rnesat(mn eoclapsosliicteaiclco)na olm y
modeilnes x plaiponliinccghyo iacneidsm lpementianAt friiocnWa h?a itts h e noaft ure
isntitutciapoancaailnt diy t esv oluotvieotrni me? Whaitfa nyrh oalste h ceu rrent
democratpirzoactheiasoodsnn t heefe fctivoefni emspsl emenWthayta inohdno ?wc ould
thlee ast-decvoeulnotporefiAd efr si cdae siagnndi mplemseenlte citnidvues otrr ial
strattergaidpceo liciinte osyd a'wso rlWdh?a t are thpeo lcicuchryar lelnetn ges
v
vi Thet iPocoTfslr iaadneIdn duPsotrliiiaAncyrlf i ca
especiinatl hcleoy n toefxW tT O andg lobaliHzoawta iropeno ?l iacnidie nss titutions
beiandga pttoer de spondb?o oTwkha isms o tivbaytt ehde nteope rdo vaindwsee rtso
theasnead hoofso tt hqeure stions.
Ast hbioso ikul sltraAtefrsi,c pao'lsi pcroyc ceasnsnb oegt e nleriaztehde:ar reae s m any
silmairiatsti heesar rede if fenrceeisni nddiuvacilo unetxrpye ri-eenscpeesc itahlel y in
areoaf i mplemteinoTtnha.e riesa broasde t fcaotfo wrhsi chha vseh appeodl icy
implemenbtuattth eiexo tneo,nf et a cfhca tohrad sif freefdr ocmo untcroyu tnrtAyo k. e y
faetuorfte h peo licy ipstrh oleco esossfps o liacuyt onionam ly moaslttlh ceo unttroi es
the extewnhti ldteoh emastt piocl iatnidc s instciatpuatcicioatnnaya fe lfc tt he
implemenptraotciaeonssdnso msep ecpiofilcic chyo iactte hsme a rng,tih ber opaodl icy
thriusset i tdheiarct te(da usn dtehrpe o l-iccoynditoifot nhaselt irutcyat duujrsatlm ent
progroarmh )a vteo abpep ro(vaeusdn detrhp er ocess-conodfti htceiu ornraelnitt y
Poverrteyd ucsttiroant peagpye- rPsR SPsb)yt hBe oardosf t hBer etWtooon ds
InstitIunet iitochnaessr.pe o,l ihcaivetesob em adient hiem agoefW ashinGgtiovne.n
thamto sAtfr iccaonu ntries ianrdee bahtneeadadi vd die lpye ndaeswn etla,ls m embers
oft hWeT O,t heb roaadn ds pecific ocfht oriaacdneed si ndtursipaoll ichaivees
incrienagbsleyet na iltoor emdte hedete manodfts h Ber etWtooond Isn stitaunttdih oen s
WTO.W hahta s therefoarset hbeer moeacrdog nesde onnst uhsne a tuorfte r aadned
indusptroilailic sria etsha e rf orccoends enIsnu esso .pf ti htitshc,ea sset udaireresi ch,
anpdr ovpiodwee rifnushlit agsn edx pnlaatitootn hse undmeortliyfvioentrsgh v ea rious
traadnedi nudstrpioallip cryo ceasnsdre esg imTehsen. u ancberso ughbty t ohuets e
studtiheiesd ,e inctaitfoifao cnt oirnns e wp olircoyla enstd h mea pipnogfn ewi nuflence
centwrietrshe spteotc rta adneid nudstrpioallic chya npgoeistn ott h ien adeqoufta hcey
exislteiirtnagt iuner xep latihnei nAgfr ican case.
Howevtehrbi,os o km oirste h ajnu tshtce a sset udTiheets h.e maptaipcew rhsi pcrho vide
thteh eoretitcoat lhc ea gsuei dsemt aukdteih ebisos o k wholessopmeeca.ir fieTcoah fse
coverwaegrece h osteone xpltohigeta pisn t hteh eoreltiitcearolan tt urraed e and
insdturpioalli icniee xsp laiAnfcirinag'd sr ivei nufdsotrr ialTihzeaa stsiuomnp.t ions
underltyhietnshgee orectoincsatlwr eurcceth sa Ileanngedex dp osaesw de aakn do ften
inaudaetqien preAdfircitctiarn'agsad nedi ndruispatoll ipcryo cMeosrsie.m portantly,
somoeft hpea pemrask e vceormyp elaIrignugm efontrth sce a sfeos re lecttriaavdneed
idnustrpioalli icnAi freisc pao,ti innvge rsyt rotnogt lhlyee ssoofen xsp erifoermntc hee
industrEiaaslAtis ziicanongu ntArsi" esse.l eicntdiuvsept orliiaoclr"y s"t ergaittcr ade
polihcayv"e becofmsaeh ieoodnl dti hnme a itnrsealemir tatmuurceoh,f t hleei rtature
callfionsrgu csht eragtiicne trventairogfnuosear " domeisnteivsct msetnrta toerag y"
"busipnleasWnsh. a"t etvhetera tg,ht eh emaptaipces rusg gaes strto nsgu,p porrtoilvee
byt hset ataed dtrome asnsoy ft hpee rvasivaen idmn aisrttkuettfi iaolrnueaislnA frica.
Thibso oiksa r esoufls te vecroanelvr satbieotnwseC ehna rles aSnodOl suidtoa Ogbu,
thesne nipororg rsapme ciaattl hiIesn tt ernaDteivoenlaolp ment Res(eIaDrRcCh) Centre
in1 998o,n t huer gennete dm atpao n cdh aractthepero ilzipecr yo cienAs fsr icAast. h e
idecarsy stailbtle iczaenmdee,c estsoha arvye s eac tfoorucasfl o arn alyrtiigcoaulr and
empirviaclaiildo anTtr.a daen di nsdturpioalliw caysa no bvicohuos ibceec aoufsi et s
importatnhcfeere q,u enocfc yh anagneld,a cokfc onseanmsounseg c onomoints htuess e
ofs ucpho licAyf irfcoarr'e sc oncsttirTouhnes. t udwieerse conduct1e99d8a nbde tween
200P0r.eosf sCohra rSloelsu cdooo rtdeitdnh aper joecatn dw asa ssistae ds tbeye ring
commttieceo mprised Aodfe baPOyrloou fk.o (sChOiD ESRIDArH) a,- JoCohna ng
(CambrUindigvee rUsKi)tP,ry o,Sf a.jn yaaL al(lO xfUorndie vrsiUtKy)a, n Ddr O sita
OgbTuh.ec ommtiewtea rse sponfsoqirub alyleo i vtersoiftg hhpetrj oect.
Prfecea vii
We acknowltehdgege en erfionuasn csiuaplp oofrI tD RCt ot hipsr ojWeec atr.ae l so
grattefoPu rlo fseoNsrd unNgjuu gunaan Mds J oanMnwee nda-MuohfIa DiRtCi a who
contitnopu reodv aiddmeis tnriastuipvpeto or ttp hrjoiesac sta m attoefbr o tihsn titutional
andp ersocnoamlmm ietntT.h e rehseerawsri,ct hwohuot mt hipsrj oecwto ulhda ve
remaiinnet dhpe i pelwionrek,tei dr elteors esvliaysn edr espotnoq du erfrioemst he
editTohresay.t tentdweowd o rkshwohpisch hel pgerdey ai tnil mprovoiuncrgo llective
undenrdsitonafgt h ree seaprrcohb lematthdeii qffuiec,uo lfct oinedsu cstuicrnheg s earch
inA friacnad s omeo ft hei nnovawtaiyvse oovfe rcomtihend gi fficuWlet ies.
ackonwledtgheer ieris einlacnepd a tieanncfdeo a,rg rneget io beo ftp haeirxstp eriment.
Mr.M agayKu.M agaypur oviidnevda leudaibtlosere iravlti hcaeftus r tshterre ngthened
thmea nuscript.
CharSloelsu do
OsiOtgab u
Ha-JoCohna ng
Thipsa gien tentliefto nballalyn k
1.A S YNTHESOIFM SA JORT HEMEISNT HEP OLITICAL
ECONOMOYF T RADAEN DI NDUTSRAILIZATIINAO FNR ICA
CharC.l eSso luadnoOd s iOtgab u
Introduction
Thicsh apptreers esnytnst haoe fts hitesh emaptaipcea rnscd o urnyct asset udaiswe esl l
as thaeu trh'otsh ougahntdis n tetraptrioeofn ste hvei dentchelet i eirna tTuhribeso. o k
combifnouerts h emaptaipce rAsfr ibcyaa nntdsh eiinrt erncaotuienorntpaaalrn tds eight
cournyct asset ud(iSeuost hAf ricNai,g erKiean,yZ ai,m babMwaeu,r itSieunse,g al,
Uganda Caontddel' voiTrhee) . thecmhaaetpritasc d drcersoss s-ciuststuaiennsdg
challeinngd eess ignaindni gm plemetnrtaidaneng di nudstrpioalli ciinte osyd a's
globianlwgio zrlTdh.e steh emaptaipcel rasr gcehlayl l"eonrogtdeho xoyn"t hkei nodf
policnieeedsea dn,dp resaelnttae trinmvoed eTlwso.o f tphaep earlssd oi sctuhses
politaincdcs h allengtersa daeno dfi nsdturipaoll icy-mianak nii nngc reasingly
globawloirzleTddh. ec onutrcya sset udiilelisun maitned iavlci oduunetxrpye ri-ean ces
deparftorumrt ehc eo ttiangudes torfcy r oss-rcyro euegnsrtsiTohnees m.e rgmiensgs ages
ariel lutmniignW.ah ilteh cea sset udaideusm brsaotmeoe f t hree cruirntgh emes and
debarteegsa rAdfriincgta rna dei nadnuds tritahleiayzl asrtoai iomsnoe,r i es suaensd,
questTihoesn ysn.t hieossr igsa nairzoeudn dc etnhtrthreeaeml a tqiuce stHioownm su:c h
do pol-iecsipeesc itahlolsryee lattiotn rga adned i ndruisatli-zamtaitotnie nr
explaipneiornrfgm ance? kWihnadotsf p olicmiaetst meorr ef ort radaen d
industrializattiroand e(-bnieentusdwttuerrepainola l lfria ecnesyd t rattergasidecel -ective
induisaptrlo licHyow)a ?r teh peo licchioess-e wnh adte tenremtsir aadnedi ndustrial
policchyoi icnAe frsi ca?
Conetxatn dB ackground
Nowheerlesi esS uba-hSarAafncr ias'( herreef ertroe Ada frsi chaa)gs r wothtr agedy
beemno rder amatthiaicnn t haer eoafst raadnedi ndustriFaolrti wzoda etciaoidnen.s
the1 690sa nde ar1l9y8 0Asfr,i ctar itehdie m prots ubstiitnudttuirsoina li(zlaStIi)o n
stergaty, alnide bratrlhe eg itmrea ldbiee ralisziantmciieod1 n-89 0wsi t"hn ion udstrial
polimcayk,i"nn ogd iscerdnififebrleenF coert. ha ev erAafrgiec caonu rnyti,n copmeer
capitam uwclahwso e ri n1 999t hainn1 97a9n,d rAifcsah'arsoe f w ordl trade in 2000
(abotuwtop ercenta)b owhuaatsl i fts sh airne1 690R.a therd itvheayrn,As friifchaa s
witnessed cionncncrteeroaantos ienad f we primcaormmyo ditwiiethshi ghvloytl iale
teromfst rea,da nadn nuianlc olmoes st odt uhteee m rso ft raedset imaatat nea dv erage
of$ 68b illpieoarnn nufmo SrS A ftohpree ri1o79d2- 9(7W orBladn ekt a i2,0 00).
Manaucftugroeodd esx'p oarsat s ,h aorfeg lobtarla dea lwmaoszs etrT oh.ii ssd esep it
fourd ecaodfeq su antduemv elopment praesfsneitrsitetaralana dcreerg a,en menstusca hs
thEeU -ACLPo mea ndC otonaogeure menatnsde, x periwmietnht s variooufs brands
trdae-uisntdrpioalli cies.
Bothp olihcaiveaesp parefnaltieltdyod eliivnAe frcr iaO.n t hoen hea nidt,cs r itsieces
the"af ile"uo rft heea rlliSeIr starsa teignye vgiitvaeibnt"l swe r onnga"t uIrtes.
proponiennsttihss tatht le S pIe riod remaineerdoa fi t nhsdetu rgioalladineztdnar taidoen