The Pocket Guide to Fungal Infection, Second Edition

178 Pages·2006·6.47 MB·English

by  Malcolm D. Richardson

The Pocket Guide to
Fungal Infection
Second Edition
To families and friends
The Pocket Guide to
Fungal Infection
Second Edition
Malcolm D. Richardson PhD, FIBiol, FRCPath
Mycology Unit
Department of Bacteriology and Immunology
University of Helsinki
Helsinki, Finland
Elizabeth M. Johnson PhD
Mycology Reference Laboratory
Health Protection Agency
Bristol, United Kingdom
© 2005 Malcolm D. Richardson, Elizabeth M. Johnson
Published by Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Blackwell Publishing, Inc., 350 Main Street, Malden,
Massachusetts 02148-5020, USA
Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford OX4 2DQ, UK
Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd, 550 Swanston Street, Carlton,
Victoria 3053, Australia
The right of the Authors to be identified as the Authors of this Work
has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and
Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,
stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any
means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise,
except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act
1988, without the prior permission of the publisher.
First edition published 2000
Reprinted 2000, 2002
Second Edition 2005
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Richardson, M. D.
The pocket guide to fungal infection / Malcolm D. Richardson,
Elizabeth M. Johnson. — 2nd ed.
p. ; cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN-13: 978-1-4051-2218-4
ISBN-10: 1-4051-2218-8
1. Mycoses—Handbooks, manuals, etc. I. Johnson, Elizabeth M.,
Ph.D. II. Title.
[DNLM: 1. Mycoses—Handbooks. WC 39 R524p 2005]
RC117.R474 2005
616.9′69—dc22 2005004901
ISBN-13: 978-1-4051-2218-4
ISBN-10: 1-4051-2218-8
A catalogue record for this title is available from the British Library
Set in 8/11.5 pt Frutiger by Graphicraft Limited, Hong Kong
Printed and bound by Replika Press PVTLtd, Harayana, India.
Commissioning Editor: Maria Khan
Development Editor: Claire Bonnett
Production Controller: Kate Charman
For further information on Blackwell Publishing, visit our website:
http://www.blackwellpublishing.com
The publisher’s policy is to use permanent paper from mills that operate
a sustainable forestry policy, and which has been manufactured from
pulp processed using acid-free and elementary chlorine-free practices.
Furthermore, the publisher ensures that the text paper and cover board
used have met acceptable environmental accreditation standards.
Contents
Contents
Introduction to the second edition, 1
Introduction to the first edition, 2
Acknowledgements, 3
Dermatophytosis
Tinea capitis, 4
Tinea corporis, 8
Tinea cruris, 12
Tinea pedis, 16
Tinea manuum, 18
Tinea unguium, 20
Mucosal and cutaneous infections
Oral candidosis, 24
Vaginal candidosis, 28
Cutaneous candidosis, 32
Malassezia infections, 36
Mould infections of nails, 42
Keratomycosis, 46
Otomycosis, 50
Opportunistic fungal infections
Aspergillosis, 52
Pneumocystis cariniipneumonia, 60
Deep candidosis, 62
Cryptococcosis, 70
Mucormycosis, 76
Systemic mycoses
Blastomycosis, 84
Coccidioidomycosis, 88
Histoplasmosis, 94
Paracoccidioidomycosis, 100
Subcutaneous mycoses
Chromoblastomycosis, 104
Subcutaneous zygomycosis, 108
v
Contents
Lobomycosis, 112
Mycetoma, 114
Rhinosporidiosis, 118
Sporotrichosis, 120
Unusual fungal infections
Hyalohyphomycosis, 124
Penicillium marneffeiinfection, 130
Phaeohyphomycosis, 134
Uncommon yeast infections, 140
Adiaspiromycosis, 150
Basidiomycosis, 154
Mycological aspects of the indoor
environment,158
Antifungal assays and susceptibility tests
Antifungal assays, 164
Susceptibility tests, 167
Molecular methods, 170
Selected reading: recently published texts and
monographs, 172
WWW sites, 174
Index, 175
vi
The Pocket Guide to: Fungal Infection(cid:13)(cid:10)
Malcolm D. Richardson and Elizabeth M. Johnson(cid:13)(cid:10)
© 2005 Malcolm D. Richardson, Elizabeth M. Johnson(cid:13)(cid:10)
Introduction to the second edition
Introduction to
the second edition
The material has been revised extensively but our goal has
been the same – to present, in a concise manner, the most
important clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of
fungal disease. In each chapter the clinical manifestations
and management sections have been updated, and where
appropriate, new emerging pathogens have been included.
New sections include the molecular diagnosis of fungal
infections and mycological aspects of the indoor environment.
Medical mycology lends itself to illustration and we have
included additional illustrative material in this edition.
Throughout we have attempted to illustrates salient features
of infection and to give an idea of the range of causative
organisms including some illustrative photographs of
macroscopic and microscopic morphology. Recent references
have been added and the list of online resources has been
updated. We have made every effort to ensure that our
drug and dosage recommendations are accurate and in
agreement with current guidelines. It should be noted that
the formulations and usages of the different drugs described
do not necessarily have the specific approval of the regulatory
authorities of all countries. Because dosage regimens can
be modified in the light of new clinical research findings,
readers are advised to check the manufacturers’ prescribing
information to see whether changes have been made in the
recommended dosages, or whether additional
contraindications for use have been introduced.
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The Pocket Guide to: Fungal Infection(cid:13)(cid:10)
Malcolm D. Richardson and Elizabeth M. Johnson(cid:13)(cid:10)
© 2005 Malcolm D. Richardson, Elizabeth M. Johnson(cid:13)(cid:10)
Introduction to the first edition
Introduction to
the first edition
The main aim of this Pocket Guide is to summarize the major
features of fungal infections of humans and to provide visual
information for each pathogen and the infections they cause
in a convenient and practical format.
In this guide we have provided a succinct account of the
clinical manifestations, laboratory diagnosis and management
of fungal infections found in Europe, American and
Australasian practice. The guide covers problems encountered
both in hospitals and general practice and is designed to
facilitate rapid information retrieval with representative colour
illustrations.
Our reading list of established literature has been carefully
selected to permit efficient access to specific aspects of fungal
infection. The list of World Wide Web sites allows access to an
even greater wealth of information and illustrative material.
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The Pocket Guide to: Fungal Infection(cid:13)(cid:10)
Malcolm D. Richardson and Elizabeth M. Johnson(cid:13)(cid:10)
© 2005 Malcolm D. Richardson, Elizabeth M. Johnson(cid:13)(cid:10)
Acknowledgements
Acknowledgements
Again, we would like to thank David W. Warnock and Colin K.
Campbell for kindly agreeing that the slides from the Slide
Atlas of Fungal Infection could be used in this publication.
Many of the illustrations were originally derived from
collections of slides held at the Mycology Reference
Laboratories in Bristol and Glasgow and we wish to thank
friends and colleagues for their generosity in making this
resource available to us. We also gratefully acknowledge
additional sources of illustrations: firstly, the Medical Mycology
Atlas,compiled by Stefano Andreoni, Claudio Farina and
Gianlugi Lombardi, with kind permission of Gilead Sciences;
secondly, Kaminski’s Digital Image Library of Medical
Mycology, with kind permission of David Ellis and Rolan
Hermanis, Women’s and Children’s Hospital, North Adelaide,
South Australia; and last but not least, pictures made available
by colleagues in Finland, the UK, and from around the world.
Many thanks for these.
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The Pocket Guide to: Fungal Infection(cid:13)(cid:10)
Malcolm D. Richardson and Elizabeth M. Johnson(cid:13)(cid:10)
© 2005 Malcolm D. Richardson, Elizabeth M. Johnson(cid:13)(cid:10)
Dermatophytosis
Tinea capitis
Tinea capitis due to Trichophyton tonsurans.
Kerion due to Trichophyton verrucosum.
Definition
Tinea capitis describes infection of the scalp and hair with a
dermatophyte.
Geographical distribution
World-wide, but more common in Africa, Asia and southern
and eastern Europe, occurring mainly in prepubescent
children. Increasing incidence.
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