Table Of ContentTHE RUSSIAN RESEARCH CENTER
The Russian Research Center of Harvard University is supported
by a grant from the Carnegie Corporation. The Center carries out
interdisciplinary study of Russian institutions and behavior.
RUSSIAN RESEARCH CENTER STUDIES
1. Public Opinion in Soviet Russia: A Study in Mass Persuasion, by Alex
Inkeles
2. Soviet Politics — The Dilemma oj Power; The Role of Ideas in Social
Change, by Barrington Moore, Jr.
3. Justice in Russia: An Interpretation of Soviet haw, by Harold J. Berman
4. Chinese Communism and the Rise of Mao, by Benjamin I. Schwartz
5. Titoism and the Cominform, by Adam B. Ulam
6. A Documentary History of Chinese Communism, by Conrad Brandt,
Benjamin Schwartz, and John K. Fairbank
7. The New Man in Soviet Psychology, by Raymond A. Bauer
8. Soviet Opposition to Stalin: A Case Study in World War II, by George
Fischer
9. Minerals: A Key to Soviet Power, by Demitri B. Shimkin
10. Soviet Law in Action: The Recollected Cases of a Soviet Lawyer, by
Harold J. Berman and Boris A. Konstantinovsky
11. How Russia Is Ruled, by Merle Fainsod
12. Terror and Progress USSR: Some Sources of Change and Stability in the
Soviet Dictatorship, by Barrington Moore, Jr.
13. The Formation of the Soviet Union: Communism and Nationalism, 191J-
1923, by Richard Pipes
14. Marxism: The Unity of Theory and Practice, by Alfred G. Meyer
15. Soviet Industrial Expansion, 1928-1951, by Donald R. Hodgman
16. Soviet Taxation: The Fiscal and Monetary Problems of a Planned Economy,
by Franklyn D. Holzman
17. Soviet Military Law and Administration, by Harold J. Berman and
Miroslav Kerner
18. Documents on Soviet Military Law and Administration, by Harold J.
Berman and Miroslav Kerner
19. The Russian Marxists and the Origins of Bolshevism, by Leopold H.
Haimson
20. The Permanent Purge: Politics in Soviet Totalitarianism, by Zbigniew K.
Brzezinski
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The Permanent Purge
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The Permanent Purge
Politics in Soviet Totalitarianism
ZBIGNIEW K. BRZEZINSKI
Harvard University Press · Cambridge · 1956
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© Copyright, 1956, by the President and Fellows of Harvard College
Distributed in Great Britain by Geoffrey Cumberlege,
Oxford University Press, London
This volume was prepared under a grant from the Carnegie Corporation of
New York. That Corporation is not, however, the author, owner, publisher,
or proprietor of this publication and is not to be understood as approving
by virtue of its grant any of the statements made or views expressed therein.
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 56-5342
Printed in the United States of America
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To My Parents
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Acknowledgments
THE ORIGINAL INSPIRATION for this study came from
Professor Merle Fainsod of Harvard. His calmly considered criti-
cisms and helpful advice steered this analysis away from many a
pitfall. Professor Carl J. Friedrich's sharp analytical insights, as well
as his knowledge of Nazi Germany, helped the author develop a
broader outlook on the problem. Needless to add, neither of them
is to be held responsible for the shortcomings of this volume.
The Russian Research Center, and particularly its first director,
Professor Clyde Kluckhohn, provided an extremely challenging en-
vironment in which ideas and research data were repeatedly sub-
jected to helpful tests of criticism and varying interpretation. Dr.
Alex Inkeles and Dr. Barrington Moore Jr. were especially gracious
with their time and counsel, and repeatedly emphasized the advan-
tages of an interdisciplinary approach.
Dr. Albert Mavrinac of the Department of Government, Harvard
University, deserves a special acknowledgment. He gave freely of his
time and effort in reading this manuscript several times. His trench-
ant observations found considerable reflection in the changes made
prior to publication.
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