Table Of Contentip
ANUARY,
vTx^v^^^l
?r,f5f?-3 J
Contents
XTable of
Christian Frederick Post's Part in the Capture of Fort
Duquesne and in the Conquest of the Ohio
The Saratoga Campaign as a Type of New York History
20
Monroe County Reverie
22
A Rare Old Diary —
Bauman 26
Rev. Frederick Christian n
Centennial of Friedens Ev. Lutheran Church _____-—-^—
37
The Story of the Big Runaway
39
The Dialect of the Boers
45
Tombstone Inscriptions, Bernville, Pa.
51
Current Life and Thought
62
The Penn Germania Genealogical Club
66
Die Muttersproch ^"
Our Book Table ">.'-''
71 ?^l^
Historical Notes and News
74
The Forum
— —
Hbrogram
ot
Zhc pcnn
(3crmania
The following lines, forming part of an An-
nouncement issued by THE PENN GERMANIA,
s t forth in part the aim of the magazine.
Purpose
The "purposes" of the incorporation as set forth by the
Charter are construed by the Company to sanction the taking
in hand;
1. The publishing of THE PENN GERMANIA, essen-
tially along the lines hitherto followed, the various depart-
ments being so elaborated as to cover the fields of "Art,
Science, Literature, State, Church, Industry and Genealogy"
and make the magazine a specific periodical of history and
current literature respecting citizens of German ancestry in
the United States.
2. The encouraging of historic research by historians,
genealogists, pupils in public and private schools, colleges,
and universities. ,
3. The founding of a select reference library containing
with regard to its special field, leading reference books,
genealogical apparat-us, transcripts of original records, books
and pamphlets, clippings Irom current newspapers and
periodicals, etc., etc.
The field as thus laid out covers;—migrations, early and
p
recent, with attendant causes and conditions; settlrment and
pioneer life including subsequent migratory movements; de-
velonment, life in all its relations and activities down to and
including the present: the family including literature, folk-
lore and genealogy; noteworthy events in the Fatherland;
discussion of current questions in the light of German history
and ideals. The matter selected for publication must as far
as possible meet the following conditions in the 01der given;
It must be "pro bono publico" and what subscribers want; it
must be true to fact, entertaining, instructive, timely and
typical. For the reference library whatever illustrates the
life and thought of the German immigrantand his descendants
is appropriate or "grist for the mill."
Germanic Culture
Germany's cultural possessions, past and ])resent, whether
brouglit by emigrants, books, students, or other medium are
invaluable to our nation and should not be eliminated or ig-
nored, or blindly worshipped, but preserved, studied and
assiniiluted. Mnnifestly the duty of promoting such assimi-
(Continued on page 3 of cover)
Ipennsylvanja
^be pcnn 0ermanta
Copyright, 1913. by The PennGermania Publishing Company
Vol. II. January, 1913. No. 1
OtD SERIES Continuing THE PENNSYLVANIA-GERMAN Vol. XIV,No, 1
Christian Frederick Post's Part
in the
Capture of Fort Duquesne
and in the
Conquest of the Ohio
By George P. Donehoo, D. D.
Member of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, the Historical
Society of Western Pennsylvania, etc.
ISTORY, as it is written, truth, recording the events which he
is divided into two sees, but the thing which he sees does not
classes, sacred and pro- make a complete vision of things as they
fane. Sacred history is are. He is too short-sighted. This is
a correct narration of one of the reasons why historians diiter
events, in their true re- in their records of the same events. One
lation to each other. is a historian, the other is a "reporter."
Profane history is the narration of the ]\Iuch of the history which has been
events which the writer wishes to record, written of the early events in the Con-
presented without any regard whatever quest of the Ohio belongs to the profane
to the events which are not recorded. class. Only the striking action which
It is called "profane" because it makes took place in the fore-ground was noted
the critical student of history swear by the writer, whose perspective was dis-
when he reads it. torted because of some huge figure which
The writer of sacred history sees be- he placed in the fore-ground, to dwarf
yond the details in the foregrbund of and almost blot from sight some of the
action to the causes which make those chief actors in the more distant back-
actions possible. The writer of profane ground. To attempt to write the real
history sees the ant hill, just before his history of the Conquest of the Ohio by
line of vision, but cannot see the moun- the British, without taking into con-
tains which lie beyond it. He is, of a sideration the influences which were at
64902.':
THE PENN GERMANIA
work behind the action which was taking would not dare show his face in the land
place in the HmeHght, throws all of the of the Delaware and Iroquois. Brad-
characters in the drama, as well as the dock would have had to face the same
action itself, out of their true relation to problem by the presence of these South-
the development of the plot. ern Indians that General Forbes had to
General Edward Braddock has been face in 1758.
most unmercifully dealt with for the The only allies possible for Braddock's
fearful ending of his expedition against expedition were the Delaware and Shaw-
Fort Duquesne, in 1755. He was blamed nee, and the assistance of both of these
by the writers of his time for not doing strong tribes was utterly impossible be-
—things, which not a single —military officer cause they had been entirely alienated by
not even Washington could have the various land sales on the Delaware
remedied had he been put in the exact and Susquehanna. A Delaware or
conditions which Braddock had to meet. Shawnee was just about as likely to help
But, Braddock was dead and could make Braddock in his attempt to take Fort
no reply to the criticisms which were Duquesne as a troop of South Carolina
fired over his grave, as a parting salute Confederates would have been likely to
to one of the most maligned military have helped the Union Army at the
leaders who ever led an army to a battle of Gettysburg. The Delaware and
destined defeat. Braddock was doomed, Shawnee had not only become enraged
from the minute he started on his ill- against the English for the various land
fated expedition, not from any lack of sales, but they had also become tired of
ability in himself, but because of con- wearing the Iroquois yoke and had gone
ditions over which he had absolutely no to the Ohio to get away from both in-
control. General John Forbes succeeded fluences. Conrad Weiser, who at this
where Braddock had failed, not because time was supreme in the Councils of the
of any superior ability on his part, but Province in all matters relating to the
because the conditions which Braddock Indians, was entirely on the side of the
had faced had been entirely changed. Iroquois in all points of difference with
Braddock was criticised because he did the Delawares. whom he treated with
not use the Indians in his expedition contempt. The Delaware and Shawnee
against the French Fort. Use what crossed the mountain ridges to the Ohio,
Indians? Where would he get them? where they came in direct contact with
What Indians were possible as allies to the French, who hated English and Iro-
the British cause in 1755? Braddock quois alike. The Iroquois, while mot
made every effort in his power to get hostile to the English, had resolved to
Indians to help him, but the mere hand- remain neutral in the struggle between
ful of Delawares who had been living the French and the English. Hence,
with George Croghan since Washing- when General Braddock was slowly cut-
ton's defeat in 1754 were all that could ting his way across the many mountain
be gathered at Fort Cumberland. And ridges to defeat and death, there was not
these deserted him before he started on a single tribe of Red Men east of the
his mission, just exactly as they had de- Ohio to help him in his expedition. The
serted Washington before the'battle at assistance of Scaruady and his little
Fort Necessity in 1754. Braddock was handful of friendlv Delawares. amounted
no more to be criticised for not having to nothing, in that great, fofesi}" en,-
Indians with him in 1755, than was shrouded wilderness. The ooinion of
Washington for not keeping what he did this chief concerning General Braddock
have in 1754. The truth of the matter is often quoted, but his opinion of Wash-
is that Indians were not to be had at any ington and his defeat at the hands of the
price. Christopher Gist had made the French, at Fort Necessity, which is even
attempt to get the assistance of the hiore bitter, is left unmentioned. Brad-
Southern Cherokecs and had failed, for dock was resting in an unmarked—grave
the simple reason that a Cherokee in 1755 on the summit of the Laurel Ridsre and
CHRISTIAN FREDERICK POST
the figure of Washington was beginning chief of the Delawares, appeared as the
to stand out large in the foreground of champion of the rights of his people.
the thriUing events of the time. He told of the wrongs which had been
Braddock did not use Indians on his done the Delaware tribes by the white
efxopreBdirtaidodnocbke,caourseantyheortehewrerBeritnioshInldeiaadnesr aseltitelnearts,ed afnrdomwthhye EtnhgeUysh.had Abegcroemaet
tdoreausrey. moSuonthaeincutridhgiess wtaoydaecfreoasts atnhde tfheeastCowuanscilg,iveanndtoevteheryInedfifaornts wpraessemntadaet
death on the banks of the Monongahela, to win back their friendship. Finally,
Iwnhdeiraensh—isnaotrmbyywtahse Fcurtentcoh.pieces by the asfetnetr wmiutchh CdaipstcausisnionN,ewTceadstylues,kuanngotwhaesr
chief, to give the "Big Peace Hallo" to
The lesson taught the Province of the Indians on the Susquehanna. The
Pennsylvania and the Colony of Virginia object of this effort was to win back the
by Braddock's defeat, and the years of hostile Delaware and Shawnee, against
bolutoodrsehsueldtsw.hichThfeollaobwuesde, whaesapneodt wuiptohn- whom the Province had most unwisely
declared war.
Braddock was an excuse, a mere sub-
terfuge to hide the real cause of the Tedyuskung was successful in his mis-
failure to capture the French fort. The sion to the Indians on the upper Susque-
men who understood the real situation hanna, who promised to go to a Council
knew that so long as the Province was at at Easton in 1757 to discuss the whole
war with the Delaware and Shawnee no matter. When this Council took place
expedition against the French on the all of the complaints of the Delaware
Ohio could be successful. Then com- warriors were heard and discussed.
menced the long and the difficult task of Chief among the complaints was that
trying to win back the friendship of the concerning the famous, or infamous,
hostile Delaware and Shawnee on the "Walking Purchase," which had so much
Susquehanna and the Ohio. Conrad to do with the alienation of the Dela-
Weiser had been the one man to whom wares.
the Province had turned for assistance After all of the complaints had been
when it needed some solution for its heard, and settled in a manner satisfac-
various mixes with the Indians, but in tory to the leading chief, Tedyuskung, it
the condition of affairs which existed in was decided to send messengers west-
1756-58 Weiser was not in a position to ward to the Ohio, to win back the hostile
be of very great value. His well known Delaware and Shawnee in the villages in
prejudice in favor of the Iroquois put that region.
him in a position of great perplextiy when While these plans were being laid a new
it became necessary for him to try to win difficulty arose. The friendly Shawnee
the Delaware and Shawnee back to the chief, Paxinos, had deserted the cause of
English cause. So little did the war- the English and gone over to the French,
riors of these tribes admire him that they and a general Indian uprising was
had determined to sweep down the Sus- threatened. When the cause of this
quehanna, including Tulpehocken, where sudden change was investigated, it was
Weiser lived, in their raids of destruc- discovered that the Iroquois had become
tion, which followed Braddock's defeat. angered because of the presence of the
With the waning influence of the Iro- Cherokee warriors with the army of
quois in the affairs of the Province, and General Forbes, with whom the northern
the rapidly increasing power of the Dela- Indians were at war. Finally this mat-
ware and Shawnee it became necessary ter was patched up by having the Chero-
for the Province to find some one other kees make peace with the Iroquois and
than Weiser to carry on the Peace Delawares. Then it was decided to send
negotiations with these hostile warriors. the messenger to the Ohio at once, in-
At the Council at Easton. Pennsyl- forming the Indians in that region that
vania, in 1756, ledyuskung, the leading a general peace had been declared with
THE PENN GERMANIA
all of the Delaware, Shawnee and Iro- trails to the Indian settlements of the
quois. Iroquois country. From the time that
But, who could be found to undertake Post left Fort Augusta he was getting
this most dangerous mission? The many deeper and deeper into the great forests
miles of mountains and forests were of the mountain region which was under
filled with the bands of these hostile war- the dominion of the hostile French and
riors, who did not know that any efforts Indians. The winding trail over which
had been made for peace. Westward Post travelled ran np the West Branch
from the Susquehanna to the Ohio swept valley and then cut across the Allegheny
the unbroken forests and the lofty moun- river to where Franklin now is situated.
tain ridges, filled with the bands of This was the site of Fort Venango, over
Indians on the War Path, and the scout- which flew the flag of France. On
ing parties of French soldiers, who were August 7th., when Post came in sight of
making every effort to arouse the Indians this fort he wrote in his Journal, *T
to still greater fury against the English. prayed the Lord to blind them, as He did
The winter was approaching, and the the enemies of Lot and Elisha, that I
mountains would soon be covered with might pass imknown." And the next
great snow drifts, making travel over the day. after he had passed, he wrote, "The
winding Indian trails almost impossible. Lord heard my prayer, and I passed un-
known."
The sorely perplexed Provincial au-
cthoourlidtiessucdceecsisdfeudllythatpetrhfeoromnetmhiasn mwohsot KusHkeusrkeia.chneodwthNeelwargCeasItnldei,anPa.v,illoangetohfe
difficult undertaking was Christian 13th. Here he met "King Beaver," the
FfrreodmeriacksiPmoislta,r wmhiossihoand tjoustWyroemtuirnnge.d wlehaodimnghechhieelfd omfantyhecoDnevlearwsaatrieosn,s wciotnh-
cerning the Council which had been held
This faithful missionary to the Indians
had the confidence and respect of the red at Easton. While Post remained in this
warriors of the rivers and mountains of village the French sent many delegates
Pennsylvania. This he had won by his from Fort Duquesne, urging the Indians
to remain faithful to the French cause.
lsaignecse.re liPfoestoflsefetlf-PshaicrliafdieclephiinathoenirJvuilly- AmemnotngwatshethDeelfaawmaorueschSiheifnsgaisn.thwehosethtlaed-
15th, reaching Fort Allen on the 20th.
Here he met Tedyuskung, the Delaware been the leader of many bloody raids into
chief, who tried to persuade him not to the English settlements. Surrounded by
undertake the mission, saying that the all of these hostile Indians, urged to
Indians were on the war path and would greater hostility by the French officers,
surely kill him. But, nothing would pre- this brave man remained for nearly two
vwehnitchthhies fberltavweasmahins dfurtoym. dTohiengentthrayt wtuerenks,toptlheeadEinnggliwsihthcatuhsee.IndiFanrsomtotrhei-s
village he went to the other large Indian
in his Journal at this time reads. "I hoped
madyvandteaagteh, wtohuatldis,])etheattmeenadnesd owfitshavtihnigs vtiolwlnageofcaBleleadverS,awwchuenrke.hneeaargatihnetporledsetnhte
many hundred lives." How well this assembled Indians of the peace proposals
object was attained, without the sacrifice of the Province. After hearing him the
of his life, is shown by the result of his chiefs decider! that he should go with
them to Fort Duquesne. where he should
mission.
He reached the extreme limits of the t'pp,l-l.rritijh;iei wIin'd^ibaendst^a^s'fs^memtbolerdlo.ofPowshtatwetnhte
British military posts at' the site of -the with the delegation of Indians to the
present city of Sunbury on Tulv 20th. Indian encampment opposite Fort Du-
Here was situated the last of the frontier
ciuesne. Here, under the very guns of
forts, called Fort Augusta, which over-
looked the winding waters of the Sus- the French fort, with an audience of
quehanna and faced the West Branch Delaware. Shawnee. Wyandot. Iroquois
valley, through which ran many of the and French officers and soldiers, this
CHRISTIAN FREDERICK POST
hero declared the message of Peace from possible in 1758. The unburied skele-
the Enghsh, reahzing that a price had tons of the soldiers of Braddock's army,
been set upon his head by the French the disfigured bodies of Major Grant's
authorities at the fort. Post returned Highlanders were mute witnesses of
with the Indians to Kuskuski, where he what the Indians had done in the pre-
again urged the red warriors to remain vious attempts to take the French fort.
away from Fort Duquesne if they could That the army of General Forbes would
not help the English more actively. He have—shared the same fate is almost cer-
left this village on September 8th., reach- tain had not these Indian allies been
ing Fort .Augusta upon the 22nd. At kept away from the scene by the efforts
the conclusion of this long and dangerous of Post.
mission he wrote in his Journal, "Praise And yet how few people know these
and Glory be to the Lamb that has been facts in the history of the taking of Fort
slain and brought me through the Coun- Duquesne in 1758. The capture of this
try of Dreadful Jealousy & Distrust, fort and the driving away of the French
where the Prince of this world has his army made possible the great Empire
Rule and Government Over the Children which now sweeps westward to the
of Disobedience. The Lord has pre- Pacific Ocean. But for the winning of
served me through all the Danger and the Indians on the Ohio to the English
Difficulties I have ever been under." interest, the "winning of the West"
Post had returned from his long jour- would have been delayed for many years.
ney in time for the Council at Easton, The figures of General Forbes and of
where all of the disputes were again gone Washington stand out so prominently in
over. His messages from the Indians the fore-ground of action in the Capture
upon the Ohio were heard, and it was of Fort Duquesne, that the figure of
decided to send him back with another Christian F. Post, pleading with the
message from the Province, in which it Indians in the shadows of the Camp fires
was stated that Peace had been decided on the banks of the Ohio, is scarcely
upon. So once more this faithful mes- seen. And yet, but for the quiet, heroic
senger of Peace started on the long efforts of this Man of God, there would
journey over the bleak, wintery moun- have been a larger force of Red Men on
tains. He passed the army of General the banks of the Ohio to contest the path-
Forbes at Loyalhanning, now Ligonier, way of the English than there was when
and went on to the Ohio, where he again Braddock, or Grant made their attempts
])lead with the Indians to remain away to drive the French from the Beautiful
from Fort Duquesne, so that the army River.
of General Forbes might take possession "Peace hath her victories,
of it. No less renowned than war," and one
When the French commander of this of the most glorious triumphs on the
fort discovered that the Indian allies, American continent was the final capture
upon whose assistance he depended, had of Fort Duquesne, through the Peace
vanished, and knowing that the army of Mission of this little mentioned Hero of
General Forbes would soon reach his Pennsylvania and American History.
position, he burned the fort and marched The authority for all of the statements
away w^ith his troops. On November 25th, in this article will be found in the ac-
the army of General Forbes marched counts of the various Indian Councils
into the ruins of Fort Duquesne, thus held at Easton and Philadelphia, as con-
taking possession of the Ohio. The tained in Colonial Records. Vol. VIII,
French army had departed forever from and in the Archives of Pennsylvania,
the shores of the "Beautiful River." To \'ol. III.
Ciiristian Frederick Post, Ambassador of The Journals of Christian F. Post, as
Christ, more than to any military leader contained in Archives of Pennsylvania,
or armed force, was due the honor of A'ol. Ill, page 520.
making the capture of Fort Duquesne Conrad W^eiser, and the Indian Policy
THE PENN GERMANIA
of Colonial Pennsylvania, by Joseph S. rendered his little force to the French
Walton. commander where Fort Duquesne once
;
The letters of Conrad Weiser, Richard stood; where Fort Pitt was builded, and
Peters, William Denny, General Forbes where the City of Pittsburgh now stands
and others, as contained in the Colonial at the "Gateway of the West," facing
Records and Archives, covering the the waters of "La Belle Riviere," there
period from 1755 to 175Q. should be erected a monument to the
At "the Forks" of the Ohio, where memory of Christian Frederick Post,
Washington first stood in 1753 and saw whose Peace Mission to the Western
the vision of what might be there in the Indians made possible the bloodless cap-
years to come where Edward Ward sur- ture of Fort Duquesne in 1758.
;
Why the An American manu- These institutions receive from the na-
Germans facturer who had tion more care and solicitude than is be-
Lead wondered at the suc- stowed upon the children of the Impe-
cess of his German rial family. They are still in a rapid
competitors was struck by certain big process of change and development.
flaming official looking posters on the Their very success has encouraged fur-
billboards and around public buildings in ther changes and more stringent legisla-
Berlin. He might have seen similar tion in their behalf. It is only a few
posters in every town and city in Ger- years ago that an Imperial industrial
many. Twice a year these official post- law was passed giving communities au-
ers summon the youth of the land to ob- thority to establish and maintain obliga-
ligatory attendance at the trade and tory continuation schools for youths, thus
commercial schools. Indirectly they tell making good the failure of certain Ger-
why the American or the English man- man state governments to provide for
ufacturers find in the German such a such schools by state law. One of the
dangerous competitor. They reveal the last acts of the old Reichstag last De-
secret of Germany's wonderful commer- cember was to amend this law so as to
cial and industrial prosperity and of her make it apply to all girls employed in
commanding position as a world power. offices, stores and factories, as well as
To the philosophically inclined they sug- to boys. The whole subject is still so
gest interesting reflections on the trans- new and fresh that every day the Ger-
fomiation of Germany from a nation of man press has some inter—esting item of
materialists and doers. continuation-school news the opening
There is scarcely anything in all Ger- of more domestic-science schools for
many so new and so modern as the con- girls, the establishment of training col-
tinuation schools. This whole move- lege for continuation school teachers,
ment has been a matter of only a few the publication—of new laws and minis-
years, and in its present form the con- terial decrees. Hubert Evans, in Har-
tinuation school is a child of yesterdav. per's Weekly.
The Saratoga Campaign as a Type of
New York History from That
Time Now
until
The Historical Oration at the Dedication
Monument
of the Saratoga Battle
By Henry Mitchell McCracken
ChancellorEmeritus of New York University
BELIEVE in the pubhc It is noteworthy that within the two
monument. Our coun- years past two careful histories of the
try were poorer without Revolution have been put forth by
the Washington Obe- scholarly Englishmen. The one by
Hsk. For five and thirty Henry Belcher, comprising two volumes,
years this Saratoga is entitled by him "The First American
shaft, though incomplete, Civil War." The second, in four
has been forceful for good. But more volumes, by Sir George Trevelyan, en-
forceful than the silent teaching by any titled "The American Revolution", has
stone is man's spoken thought. A monu- been completed only in the present year.
ment has more than once been the oc- But we may doubt whether either of
casion of an utterance which is more these scholarly English histories out-
precious than the monument itself. If classes the two volumes on the Revo-
Gettysburg field were sunk by an earth- lution written full twenty years ago by
quake in a chasm as deep as Lake Cham- the American John Fiske. So carefully
plain, we could better spare its stones have the battlefield of the Saratoga cam-
than we could spare the less than three paign been gleaned by more than half a
hundred words which were spoken there score of writers, that what is left is like
by Abraham Lincoln. Until to-day, I the Jewish prophet's comparison of a
had not seen this shaft of the Saratoga scanty gle—aning: "As the shaking of an
battlefield, but I had read the address olive tree two or three berries in the
spoken in 1877, when its corner-stone top of the uttermost bough."
was laid, which address in its larger part, I have no thought of adding to what
is a fine epitome of a military campaign. historians have discovered and put in
I mean the address of George William print respecting the Saratoga battles. My
Curtis, of New York, who was the lead- highest aim extends no further than to
ing orator at the Centennial in this place stir your recollections of the old facts and
half a life-time ago. I wish that the to renew your patriotic sentiment by
narrative portion of his address, com- naming some of the old names and
prising one-half of its entire length, characterizing some of the old episodes
might be printed again in the report of of those four months of 135 years ago.
the proceedings of to-day. Yonder to the north, in July of 1777,
I am disposed to believe that this cor- was the surrender of the fortress of
ner-stone and the celebration of 1877 Ticonderoga to the British invading
have not been without influence in pre- army also, in the same month, the
;
serving and increasing the interest ai tragedy, not far from Ticonderoga. of
Americans in the War of the Revolution. Jennie AfcCrea, from whose head the
THE PENN GERMANIA
blood-stained tresses became a summons THE COSMOPOI^ITANISM OF THE) SARATOGA
tcoounAtmrey,riecvaennsasthtrhoeugfhataalllwotuhinsdNoofrtthh-e CAMPAIGN AND OF NEW YoRK.
Roman maiden Virginia became a com-
mand to Romans to throw off the yoke of - J\Iay I begin by emphasizing the
a tyrannic king. In yonder west, up the cosmopolitanism of the Saratoga cam-
]\Iohawk valley, in August of '']'], was paign. It was cosmopolitan in that the
.the Battle of Oriskany. There the American leaders there and their soldiers
German-American General Herkimer, represented so many countries and so
after his leg had been shattered by a many races. Let us call the roll of the
cannon ball, caused himself to be, placed American generals, for the soldiers who
against a huge tree, and there, smoking followed them were sprung from the
his German pipe, continued, with sten- same regions and the same races which
torian voice, to direct his brave followers. furnished the generals. For every gen-
A little later in the same month, the task eral that is named, imagine a thousand
undertaken by Herkimer was completed privates of like lineage and like character
by the bold Arnold, whose mere approach following him in the ranks. Generals
scattered the invaders as far as the banks and privates were alike cosmopolitan.
of Ontario. Yonder to the east, near the First is the name of that New Yorker of
line between New York and Vermont, in Dutch descent whose name honors this
that same month of August, the victory village which we are visiting to-day,
of Bennington shattered the British at- where was his country—home with its
tack upon the right wing of the American millb and its broad farms I mean Philip
defense. General John Stark was more Schuyler. Schuyler is well characterized
fortunate than Herkimer in not only by John Fiske, at the time when he and
winning his battle, but, though in the Montgomery, as representatives of New
very midst of the fight, coming forth York, joined Washington at the siege of
without a wound. These two conflicts, Boston in 1775. His words are 'two of
on the left wing and the right wing, with the noblest of American heroes.' Dutch
nearly a hundred miles between, both in name and lineage, Schuyler was a true
prepared the way and rallied the country representative of the best of the first
for what was to follow. settlers of New York, of those Hollan-
Hardly ten miles south of where we ders who, less than a century before they
stand was the first battle of Saratoga, came to Manhattan Island, had shattered
called, more precisely, the First Battle of the empire of Philip II and founded the
Freeman's Fafm. In early October came Dutch Republic. Fiske writes: "No
the second battle on the same farmstead, more upright or disinterested man could
w^hich is called by the same name. be found in America. For bravery and
tFfihieanlatdllwbyae,sfoolrneeftOusoc,ftoctbaheemrebr1ta7hvteeh,saunorfdrew'n"ejdjle,lr-oenoqfuitaphl-el sgsetonamenerdossimfteoydriahteheveawlbaesstrolomifkaentcheteh.e"DuptaclShac.dhiunvUlneo-rf
ped army of the British king. happily, there were too many of the
worst Dutch who were then playing
I have named, very briefly, these epi- toady to King George III in the city of
sodes. I repeat that my highest aim is New York. Many Dutch who aimed to
to stir your memory and feeling by at- be social leaders soon proved themselves
tempting now to characterize some of undesirable citizens of the-)American
the actors and events of those brief four metropolis. The recent historian Tre-
months, and, also, by connecting the velyan says "Schuyler loved his coiuitry
New York of three life-times ago with sincerely and singly, and he gave her the
the New York of to-day. I will speak whole of his time and strength besides
from this point of the Saratoga campaign great quantities of his money, and, for
as a type of New York history from that mmianndyaynedarhsis thoagpeptihneers,s.a"ll his peace of
time till now. Next in order to the Dutch-American
