The Penguin Dictionary of Art and Artists

484 Pages·1984·63.58 MB·English

by  Peter and Linda Murray

PeterandLindaMurray
ThePenguin Dictionary of
&
ART
ARTISTS

PENGUIN REFERENCE BOOKS
A DICTIONARY OF ARTAND ARTISTS
Peter and Linda Murray were both trained as painters but
turnedtothehistoryofartandwenttotheCourtauldInstitute
as students immediately after the war. They were married in
1947,inthemiddleoftheirfinalexaminations.Theypublished
theirfirstjointwork,atranslationofHeinrichWolfflin'sClassic
Art, in 1952. Since then they have collaborated on several
translationsaswellasabookontheartoftheRenaissance,but
thiswastheirfirstbook. Onewroteacompleteentrywhichthe
otherthenpickedholesinandrewrote;asaresulttheyarenow
unable to tell who wrote which entries and must take joint
responsibilityforeverything.
Linda Murraywas anExtra-Mural Lecturerforthe Univer-
sity of London, and has written The High Renaissance and
MannerismandonMichelangelo,aswellasanovel, TheDark
Fire, basedon the lifeofCaravaggio. PeterMurraywas, until
1980,ProfessoroftheHistoryofArtatBirkbeckCollegeinthe
University of London. He has written several books on the
historyofartandarchitecture,includingasectionofAHistory
of English Architecture (Pelican Books), as well as gallery
catalogues.

PETER AND LINDA MURRAY
THE PENGUIN DICTIONARY OF
ART AND
ARTISTS
FIFTH EDITION
PENGUIN BOOKS
PenguinBooksLtd,Harmondsworth,Middlesex,England
PenguinBooks,40West23rdStreet,NewYork,NewYork10010,U.S.A.
PenguinBooksAustraliaLtd,Ringwood,Victoria,Australia
PenguinBooksCanadaLtd,2801JohnStreet,Markham,Ontario,CanadaL3R1B4
PenguinBooks(N.Z.)Ltd,182-190WairauRoad,Auckland10,NewZealand
Firstpublished1959
Reprintedwithrevisions1960
Reprinted1962,1963,1964,1965.1966,1967
RevisededitionfirstpublishedbyThames&Hudson1965
FurtherrevisededitionpublishedinPenguinReferenceBooks1968
Reprinted1969,1971(twice)
Thirdedition1972
Reprinted1973,1975(threetimes)
Fourthedition1976
Reprinted1977,1978(twice),1979,1980,1981,1982
Fifthedition1983
Reprinted1984
©
Copyright PeterandLindaMurray,1959,1960,1965,1968,1972,1976,1983
Allrightsreserved
MadeandprintedinGreatBritain
byHazellWatson&VineyLtd,
MemberoftheBPCCGroup,
Aylesbury,Bucks
Setin8/9.5TimesRoman(Linotron202)
ExceptintheUnitedStatesofAmerica,
thisbookissoldsubjecttothecondition
thatitshallnot,bywayoftradeorotherwise,
belent,re-sold,hiredout,orotherwisecirculated
withoutthepublisher'spriorconsentinanyformof
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FOR OUR PARENTS
ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THE DICTIONARY
Acad. Academy, N. North
Academia Nat. Marit. NationalMaritime
Accad. Accademia Mus. Museum
Akad. Akademie Naz. Nazionale
ARA Associateofthe NC NorthCarolina
RoyalAcademy NEAC NewEnglishArtClub
NG
b. born NationalGallery
B.C. BeforeChrist NGofS NationalGalleryof
Berks. Berkshire Scotland
Bib. Bibliotheque NJ NewJersey
BM BritishMuseum NPG National PortraitGallery
B^cks. Buckinghamshire nr near
c. circa,about NSW NewSouthWales
Cal. California NY NewYork
Cath. Cathedral NZ NewZealand
CBA CenterforBritishArt OED OxfordEnglish
cf. confer,compare Dictionary
OM
Ch.Ch. ChristChurch OrderofMerit
Col. Colorado Pa Pennsylvania
Coll. Collection,College Pal. Palais,Palace,Palazzo
Conn. Connecticut PRA Presidentofthe
d. died RoyalAcademy
DCL DoctorofCivilLaw PRB Pre-Raphaelite
ed. edition Brotherhood
eg- exempligratia RA RoyalAcademy,
Fdn Foundation RoyalAcademician
ff. following RAMC RoyalArmyMedical
Fitzwm Fitzwilliam Corps
Fla Florida RI RhodeIsland
Fr. French Rijksmus. Rijksmuseum
Gall. Gallery,Galleria RSA RoyalScottishAcademy
Ger. German S Saint,San,Sankt,South
Gk Greek SC SouthCarolina
Herts. Hertfordshire S.M. SantaMaria
Hist. Historical SNPG ScottishNational
Hosp. Hospital PortraitGallery
i.e. idest;thatis Soc. Society
Inst. Institute Span. Spanish
Ital. Italian SS. Saints,Santissimo(a)
K-H Kunsthistorisches St Saint
Lat. Latin Sta Santa
Lines. Lincolnshire Staffs. Staffordshire
MofMA MuseumofModernArt Sto Santo
Md Maryland Univ. University
Mass. Massachusetts US UnitedStates
Met.Mus. MetropolitanMuseum USSR UnionofSoviet
Mich. Michigan V&A SocialistRepublics
Middx Middlesex VictoriaandAlbert
Mo. Missouri Museum
MS, MSS Manuscript,manuscripts Va Virginia
Mus. Museum,Musee Wilts. Wiltshire
VI
LISTOFGENERAL(NON-BIOGRAPHICAL) ARTICLES
AbsorbentGround Block-book
AbstractArt BlotDrawing
AbstractExpressionism BlueFour,The,seeJawlensky
Abstraction-Creation BlueRider,The,seeBlaueReiter,Der
Academy Boast
AcademyFigure Bodegdn
Acrylic BodyColour
ActionPainting BolusGround
AliaPrima Bondieuserie
Altarpiece,seeAncona-,Pala,Polyptych, Bottega
Reredos Boucharde,seeStoneCarving
Alto-rilievo,5eeRelief Bozzetto
Amorino BreakfastPiece
Anamorphosis BroadManner,seeFineManner
Ancona Bronze
Anonimo Briicke,Die
Anti-cerne Brushwork
AntwerpMannerists Burin
Aquatint,seeEngraving Burr,seeEngraving
Arabesque
Architectonic CabinetPicture
Armature Calligraphic
ArmoryShow Camaieu,seeGrisailleandChiaroscuro
Arricciato.seeFresco CamdenTownGroup
ArsMoriendi CameraObscura,Lucida
ArtBrut Capriccio
ArtNouveau Caricature
ArtUnions Cartellino
Ascription,seeAttribution Cartoon
AshcanSchool Cassone
Atelier Casting,seePlasterandBronze
Attribution Cavo-rilievo,seeRelief
AuPremierCoup Charcoal
Autograph Chiaroscuro
Automatism ChristusPatiens,Triumphans
Chromolithography,seeEngraving
Bambino Cinquecento
Bambocciata CirePerdue,seeBronze
Bancket Classic,Classical,Romantic
BarbizonSchool ClawChisel,seeStoneCarving
Baroque Cliche-Verre,seeEngraving
Bas-Relief,seeRelief Cloisonnisme,seeBernard
Bauhaus,The Cobra,seeAppel
BaxterPrints ColdColour,Tone
'BeforeallLetters',seeProof Collage
Bentname ComplementaryColour
Biedermeierstil Composition
BiomorphicArt ConcreteArt
Bistre Constructivism
Bitumen ConsularDiptych,seeDiptych
BlaueReiter,Der Conte
BlauenVier,Die,seeJawlensky ContinuousRepresentation
vn
LISTOFGENERAL(NON-BIOGRAPHICAL) ARTICLES
Contour Fixative
Contrapposto Fontainebleau,Schoolsof
ConversationPiece Foreshortening
CoolColour,Tone,seeColdColour,Tone Forgeries,seeFakes
Cosmati FoundObject
CostruzioneLegittima Fraglia
Coulisse Fragment
Counterproof Fresco
Craquelure Frottage
Crayon Futurism
Croquis,seeSketch
Cross-hatching Garzone
Cubism Genre
Gesso
Dada GhentAltar,seeEyck
DanceofDeath Giornata,seeFresco
DanubeSchool Giotteschi,Giottesques
DeadColour,seeLay-In GlasgowSchool
Deesis Glazing
Del.,Delin. Glyptic,seeSculpture
DescodaParto GoldenSection
Design Gothic
DeStijl,seeStijl Gouache
Diptych Graffito,seeSgraffito
Disegno GraphicArts
Distemper Graver,seeBurin
Divisionism,seeOpticalMixtures Grisaille
Doelenstuk,Schutterstuk Grotesque
DottedPrint Ground
Draperyman GroupofEight,seeAshcanSchool
Drill,seeStoneCarving GroupofSeven,seeSeven
Drypoint,seeEngraving Guild
Eau-forte HagueSchool
Eclectic,seeCarracci Half-Tones
EcoleRoyaledesElevesProteges Handling
Eidometropolis,EidophusikonseeGirtin, Hatching
Loutherbourg Herm,Term
EncausticWax HermeticCubism
Engraving HistoryPainting
Esquisse HortusConclusus
Etching,seeEngraving HotColour,Tone
EustonRoad HoursofTurin
Exc,Excudit HudsonRiverSchool
Expressionism
ExVoto Icon
IdealArt
F.,Fee,Fecit Illusionism
F.F. ImagoPietatis
Facture,Fattura Impasto
FakesandForgeries Impression
Fat Impressionism
Fauve Imprimitura
FineManner Inc.
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