The Passions: A Study of Human Nature

472 Pages·2017·2.69 MB·English

by  P. M. S. Hacker

The Passions

The Passions:
A Study of Human Nature
P. M. S. Hacker
Fellow of St John’s College · Oxford
This edition first published 2018
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Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data
Names: Hacker, P. M. S. (Peter Michael Stephan), author.
Title: The passions : a study of human nature / by P. M. S. Hacker.
Description: Hoboken, NJ : John Wiley & Sons, 2017. | Includes bibliographical
references and index. |
Identifiers: LCCN 2017030690 (print) | LCCN 2017036805 (ebook) |
ISBN 9781118954744 (epub) | ISBN 9781118952436 (pdf) |
ISBN 9781118951873 (cloth) | ISBN 9781119440468 (pbk.)
Subjects: LCSH: Emotions (Philosophy) | Philosophical anthropology.
Classification: LCC B815 (ebook) | LCC B815 .H33 2017 (print) | DDC 128/.37–dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017030690
Cover design by Wiley
Set in 10.5/12.5pt Sabon by SPi Global, Pondicherry, India
1 2018
For
Robert and Betsy Feinberg

Contents
Preface xi
Acknowledgements xvii
Part I Sketching the Landscape 1
Chapter 1 T he Place of the Emotions
among the Passions 3
1. Passions, affections, and appetites 3
2. Agitations and moods 14
3. Emotions 22
Chapter 2 The Analytic of the Emotions I 37
1. The representation of emotions 37
2. The language of the emotions 40
3. Expressions and manifestations of emotion 45
4. Emotion, cognition, and the will 56
Chapter 3 The Analytic of the Emotions II 60
1. The epistemology of the emotions 60
2. Emotion and reason 67
3. The place of the emotions in human life 77
viii Contents
Chapter 4 The Dialectic of the Emotions 83
1. The Cartesian and empiricist legacies and their
invalidation 83
2. Philosophical and psychological confusions: James 97
3. Neuroscientific confusions: Damasio and the somatic
marker hypothesis 103
4. Evolutionary accounts of the emotions:
Darwin and Ekman 111
5. The quest for basic emotions 115
Part II Human, All Too Human 129
Chapter 5 Pride, Arrogance, and Humility 131
1. The web of pride 131
2. Shifting evaluations of pride 135
3. Pride: connective analysis 140
Chapter 6 Shame, Embarrassment, and Guilt 152
1. Shame cultures and guilt cultures 152
2. Shame and embarrassment: connective analysis 157
3. Guilt: connective analysis 173
Chapter 7 Envy 183
1. Envy and jealousy: a pair of vicious emotions 183
2. Envy and jealousy: conceptual unclarity 187
3. Envy and jealousy: their conceptual roots 192
4. Envy: iconography, mythology, and iconology 197
5. Envy: connective analysis 200
Chapter 8 Jealousy 208
1. Different centres of variation 208
2. Iconography 215
3. Jealousy: connective analysis 216
4. Jealousy and envy again 228
Contents ix
Chapter 9 Anger 232
1. The phenomena of anger 232
2. The vocabulary of anger 235
3. Anger: connective analysis 239
4. Conceptions of anger in antiquity 253
5. Is acting in anger warranted? 259
Part III T he Saving Graces: Love,
Friendship, and Sympathy 265
Chapter 10 Love 267
1. Concepts and conceptions of love 267
2. The biological and social roots of love 269
3. The objects of love 274
4. Historico‐normative constraints 279
5. The phases of love 282
6. The web of concepts of love 287
7. The iconography of love 294
8. Connective analysis I: categorial complexity 298
9. Connective analysis II: peculiarities of love as an emotion 304
10. Connective analysis III: some characteristic
features of love 316
11. Self‐love 324
Chapter 11 Friendship 327
1. Friendship and love 327
2. The roots and marks of different forms of friendship 336
3. Analysis of the relation 345
4. Friendship, virtue, and morality 350
Chapter 12 Sympathy and Empathy 357
1. Sympathy: the historical background 357
2. The analysis of sympathy 367
3. Empathy: from Einfühlung to mirror neurons 377
4. Empathy and sympathy 385
5. Envoi 392