The Palgrave Handbook of EU Crises

788 Pages·2020·8.728 MB·English

by  Marianne Riddervold (editor), Jarle Trondal (editor), Akasemi Newsome (editor)

The Palgrave Handbook
of EU Crises
Edited by
Marianne Riddervold · Jarle Trondal
Akasemi Newsome
Palgrave Studies in European Union Politics
Series Editors
Michelle Egan
American University
Washington, USA
Neill Nugent
Manchester Metropolitan University
Manchester, UK
William E. Paterson
Aston University
Birmingham, UK
Following on the sustained success of the acclaimed European Union Series,
whichessentiallypublishesresearch-basedtextbooks,PalgraveStudiesinEuro-
pean Union Politics publishes cutting edge research-driven monographs. The
remit of the series is broadly defined, both in terms of subject and academic
discipline. All topics of significance concerning the nature and operation of
the European Union potentially fall within the scope of the series. The series
is multidisciplinary to reflect the growing importance of the EU as a political,
economicandsocialphenomenon.Tosubmitaproposal,pleasecontactSenior
Editor Ambra Finotello ambra.fi[email protected]. This series is indexed
by Scopus.
Editorial Board
Laurie Buonanno (SUNY Buffalo State, USA)
Kenneth Dyson (Cardiff University, UK)
Brigid Laffan (European University Institute, Italy)
Claudio Radaelli (University College London, UK)
Mark Rhinard (Stockholm University, Sweden)
Ariadna Ripoll Servent (University of Bamberg, Germany)
Frank Schimmelfennig (ETH Zurich, Switzerland)
Claudia Sternberg (University College London, UK)
Nathalie Tocci (Istituto Affari Internazionali, Italy)
More information about this series at
http://www.palgrave.com/gp/series/14629
· ·
Marianne Riddervold Jarle Trondal
Akasemi Newsome
Editors
The Palgrave
Handbook of EU Crises
Editors
Marianne Riddervold Jarle Trondal
Inland School of Business and Social Department of Political Science and
Sciences Management
Inland University University of Agder
Rena and Lillehammer, Norway Kristiansand, Norway
The Norwegian Institute of ARENA - Centre for European Studies
International Affairs (NUPI) University of Oslo
Oslo, Norway Oslo, Norway
Institute of European Studies
University of California
Berkeley, CA, USA
Akasemi Newsome
Inland School of Business and Social
Sciences
Inland University
Rena and Lillehammer, Norway
Institute of European Studies
University of California
Berkeley, CA, USA
ISSN 2662-5873 ISSN 2662-5881 (electronic)
Palgrave Studies in European Union Politics
ISBN 978-3-030-51790-8 ISBN 978-3-030-51791-5 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51791-5
© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature
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Preface
This Handbook is a primer on the European Union (EU) crisis. Europe has
faced a decade of profound crises and this volume takes stock of their conse-
quences for the EU. Despite having emerged from the devastation of WWII,
the EU faces an unprecedented situation given the multiplicity, magnitude
and cross-domain nature of recent crises. Times of profound crisis pave the
way for analyzing what remains the same and what is changing as a result of
these shocks. We also want to know why we have continuity in some areas
and change in others and to do that we identify factors that might deter-
mine causation. Our work has been to generate competing scenarios for the
EU in the short, medium and long term—from breaking down to heading
forward. As politicians search for new and diverse forms of political associa-
tioninEurope,scholarsseekanalyticalcategoriesandexplanatorymechanisms.
Theyhaveattemptedtoexplainhowandwhy‘Brexit’happened,aswellasthe
most likely consequences for the future of the EU. This Handbook compre-
hensively explores the EU’s institutional and policy responses to crisis across
policy domains and institutions, what this tells us about the EU’s ability to
cope with unforeseen events, and what one should subsequently expect for
thefutureoftheEU.Thisvolumeaddressesavarietyofresearchquestionson
institutional change and continuity, decision-making behavior and processes,
andpublicpolicy-making.Weofferasystematicdiscussionofhowtheexisting
repertoire of theories understand crisis and how well they have been able to
capture periods of unrest and events of disintegration such as «Brexit».
More generally, the Handbook aims to understand how public orga-
nizations cope with crisis, and thus probes how sustainable and resilient
public organizations are in times of crisis and unrest. Periods of political
and economic turbulence call for studying conditions for political order and
sustainable public service delivery. Political science harbors competing ideas
on the robustness of governments and public organizations. Yet, where a
vast body of scholarly literature suggests that public sector organizations are
v
vi PREFACE
profoundly unstable and unsustainable in the long run, few comprehensive
studies exist. Our ambition is to provide a sweeping bird’s eye view of EU
crisis, and to make a significant research contribution on how the EU handles
crisis. The book thus zooms into different crisis-ridden policy-areas and insti-
tutions, and also allows some distance to analyzes polity implications at the
aggregate level.
At the same time, our Handbook presents state-of-the-art research in an
easily accessible way for teaching purposes as well as for practitioners. In this
way, the Handbook should be seen both a contribution to research on Euro-
peancrisisaswellasastate-of-the-artprimer.Theeditorsareveryhappy—and
proud—to have assembled such high quality research from a select group of
specialists at the top of their respective fields, as well as promising younger
academics. We strove to build bridges across the Atlantic between established
scholars and a new generation of students of European integration. One need
tolooknofurtherforproofofoursuccesstoalivelyandpackedreceptionina
downtown Denver restaurant where the editors organized a reception for the
Handbook to coincide with the biennial European Union Studies Association
(EUSA) conference in May 2019.
The editors would like to thank several people who have contributed in
different capacities to the Handbook. First of all, we would like to acknowl-
edge the contributors to this book. All top experts in their field, they did
not hesitate to add yet another commitment to their already busy schedules.
Almostalltheauthorsthatwereinvitedwereabletotakepart.Aspecialthank
you to Christian Kaunert, Bev Crawford, Mike Smith, Jolyon Howorth, and
Martin Shapiro who provided critical guidance to this project in its very early
stages. We are also very grateful to the anonymous reviewers for helpful ques-
tions and suggestions and to the series editors, who have provided invaluable
feedback throughout the entire process. These inputs substantially increased
thequalityofthebook.TheeditorswouldalsoliketothankAmundBotillen,
Hans Peter Riise Tranøy, and Haakon Sandvold for fantastic research assis-
tancewhenpreparingthebook,andAnneBirchley-Brun,AmbraFinotelloand
Preetha Kuttiappan at Palgrave Macmillan for all their help shepherding this
volume through the publication process. The editors gratefully acknowl-
edge financial support from the Jean Monnet Centre of Excellence Grant
2018–2021 at the Institute of European Studies, University of California,
Berkeley.
With this book we also want to honor the memory of John Peterson,
ProfessorofInternationalPoliticsattheUniversityofEdinburgh.Johnpassed
away suddenly in May 2019 and was an enthusiastic supporter of this book
from the outset. Somehow he managed to be both a brilliant and kind
colleague. We will miss him. John’s intellectual legacy is inescapably present,
PREFACE vii
ofcourse,inthisbookaswehavegrappledwithmanyofhissharpinsightson
crisis and the EU.
Oslo/Rena, Norway Marianne Riddervold
Kristiansand, Norway Jarle Trondal
Berkeley, USA Akasemi Newsome
The original version of the book was revised: In the list of contributors, the affiliation
for “Hubert Zimmermann” has been corrected. The correction to the book is available at
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51791-5_46
Contents
Part I Introducing the Study of European Union Crisis
1 European Union Crisis: An Introduction 3
Marianne Riddervold, Jarle Trondal, and Akasemi Newsome
Part II Theoretical Approaches to Crisis
2 Theoretical Approaches to Crisis: An Introduction 51
Marianne Riddervold, Jarle Trondal, and Akasemi Newsome
3 Liberal Intergovernmentalism 61
Frank Schimmelfennig
4 Classical Realism 79
Alexander Reichwein
5 Neorealism 99
Hubert Zimmermann
6 Neofunctionalism 115
Arne Niemann
7 Institutionalism 135
Christopher Ansell
8 Organizational Theory 153
Jarle Trondal
ix
x CONTENTS
9 Cleavage Theory 173
Gary Marks, David Attewell, Jan Rovny, and Liesbet Hooghe
10 Social Constructivism 195
Mai’a K. Davis Cross
11 Deliberative Theory 213
Claudia Landwehr
Part III Crisis, Continuity, and Change in European Union
Institutions
12 Crisis, Continuity, and Change in European Union
Institutions: An Introduction 231
Jarle Trondal, Marianne Riddervold, and Akasemi Newsome
13 The Council 239
Jeffrey Lewis
14 The European Parliament 259
Akasemi Newsome and Matthew Stenberg
15 The Court of Justice of the European Union 277
Lisa Conant
16 The European Commission 297
Hussein Kassim and Luc Tholoniat
17 European Union Agencies 315
Michelle Everson and Ellen Vos
18 The European Central Bank 339
Ingrid Hjertaker and Bent Sofus Tranøy
19 The European External Action Service 357
Heidi Maurer
Part IV Policy Areas: Crisis, Continuity, and Change
20 The Financial Crisis: An Introduction 375
Akasemi Newsome, Marianne Riddervold, and Jarle Trondal