The Palgrave dictionary of transnational history

1267 Pages·2009·190.07 MB·English

by  Iriye

THE PALGRAVE DICTIONARY
OF
TRANSNATIONAL HISTORY
THE PALGRAVE
DICTIONARY
OF
TRANSNATIONAL
HISTORY
Edited by
Akira Iriye
Harvard University, USA
and
Pierre-Yves Saunier
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, France
pa grave
macmillan
* © Macmillan Publishers Ltd 2009
Softcover re print of the hardcover 1st edition 2009 978-1-4039-9295-6
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in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
First published 2009 by
PALGRAVE MACMILLAN
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registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke,
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ISBN 978-1-349-74032-1 ISBN 978-1-349-74030-7 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-74030-7
This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully
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A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
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10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 09
Contents
Editorial Board vi
List of Contributors vii
Introduction xvii
Acknowledgements xxi
Notes for the Reader xxiii
List of Acronyms XXV
Tree Diagrams xxvi
List of Entries xxxvii
Entries 1
Namelndex 1153
Subject Index 1197
Editorial Board
General Editors
Akira lriye
Harvard University, USA
Pierre-Yves Saunier
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, France
Associate Editors
jane Carruthers Mariano Plotkin
University of South Africa, South Africa Instituto de Desarrollo Econ6mico y Social,
Argentina
Donna Gabaccia
University of Minnesota, USA Patrick Verley
Universite de Geneve, Switzerland
Rana Mitter
University of Oxford, UK
List of Contributors
Monia Abdallah Christopher Balme
Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Institut fur Theaterwissenschaft,
Sociales, France Germany
Phina Geraldine Abir-Am Greg Bankoff
Brandeis University, USA University of Huli, UK
ThomasAdam Kelly Bannister
University of Texas at Arlington, USA University of Victoria, Canada
Maude M. Adjarian Tani Barlow
University of Arizona, USA University of Washington, USA
Alexis K. Albion Thomas Bender
The World Bank, USA New York University, USA
Carlos Altamirano Jonathan Benthall
Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, University College London, UK
Argentina
Fran~oise Berger
Sunil Amrith Institut d'Etudes Politiques de Grenoble,
Birkbeck College, University of London, UK France
Irene Anastasiadou Volker R. Berghahn
Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Columbia University, USA
The Netherlands
Steve Bernardin
Gerhard Anders Universite de Paris 1 - Pantheon Sorbonne,
Universităt Ziirich, Switzerland France
Erik Anderson Andries Bezuidenhout
Brown University, USA University ofThe Witwatersrand,
South Africa
A. Aneesh
University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, USA Sanjoy Bhattacharya
University College London, UK
Peder Anker
Universitetet i Oslo, Norway Margaret C. Boardman
Independent scholar, USA
Sonia Ashmore
Victoria and Albert Museum, UK Philip Bonner
University of The Witwatersrand,
William J. Ashworth
South Africa
University of Liverpool, UK
Paolo Brenni
Cemil Aydin
Fondazione Scienza & Tecnica, Italy
University of North Carolina at Charlotte,
USA John Britton
Francis Marion University, USA
Tony Ballantyne
Washington University in St Louis, USA Natalia Brizuela
University of California at Berkeley, USA
viii List of Contributors
Tom Brooking Robert Cliver
University of Otago, New Zealand Humboldt State University, USA
Tom Buchanan Yves Cohen
University of Oxford, UK Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences
Sociales, France
Elizabeth Buettner
University of York, UK G. Daniel Cohen
Rice University, USA
Carlos F. Câceres
Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Patrick Cohrs
Peru Yale University, USA
Melissa L. Caldwell Val Colic-Peisker
University of California at Santa Cruz, USA RMIT University, Australia
Robert M. Campbell Ken Conca
Mount Allison University, Canada University of Maryland, USA
David Cantor Matthew Connelly
National Institutes ofH ealth, USA Columbia University, USA
Jane Carruthers Sebastian Conrad
University of South Africa, European University Institute, ltaly
South Africa
Sahr Conway-Lanz
Keith Cartwright National Archives and Records
University of North Florida, USA Administration, USA
Youssef Cassis Dorota Dakowska
Universite de Geneve, Switzerland Universite de Strasbourg Robert Schuman,
France
Ernesto Castafieda-Tinoco
Columbia University, USA Shao Dan
University ofI llinois at Urbana
Luiz A. Castro-Santos Champaign, USA
Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro,
Brazii Thomas Richard Davies
University of Oxford, UK
Richard Cavell
Evan N. Dawley
University of British Columbia, Canada
Harvard University, USA
John T. Chalcraft
Simona De Iulio
London School ofE conomics and Politica[
Universite de Strasbourg Robert Schuman,
Science, UK
France
Christophe Charle
Sarah E. Dedonder
Ecole Normale Superieure, France
Kansas State University, USA
Charles C. Chester
Mathieu Deflem
Brandeis University, USA
University of South Carolina, USA
Lucy Chester
Luiz Fernando Dias Duarte
University of Colorado at Boulder, USA
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro,
Brazii
Mark Cioc
University of California at Santa Maria Paula Diogo
Cruz, USA Universidade Nava e Lisboa, Portugal
Patricia Clavin Cornelis Disco
University of Oxford, UK Universiteit Twente, The Netherlands
List of Contributors ix
Colin Dival Laurence Fontaine
University of York, UK Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences
Sociales, France
Marie-Laure Djelic
ESSEC Business School, France Barbara A. Frey
University of Minnesota, USA
Kurk Dorsey
University of New Hampshire, USA Harriet Friedmann
University of Toronto, Canada
Paul J. Dosal
University of South Florida, USA Peter Fritzsche
University of Illinois, USA
Rafiqu Dossani
Stanford University, USA Carlo Fumian
Universita degli Studi di Padova, Italy
Stephen Dovers
Australian National University, Australia Ellen Furlough
University of Kentucky, USA
Jaap Dronkers
European University Institute, Italy Jonathan Furner
University of California at Las Arzgeles,
Prasenjit Duara
USA
University of Chicago, USA
Donna Gabaccia
Ellen Carol DuBois
University of Minnesota, USA
University of California at Las Angeles,
USA Ilya V. Gaiduk
United Nations Educational, Scientific and
Laird M. Easton
Cultural Organization, Russia
California State University, USA
Oded Galor
Jean-Frant;:ois Eck
Brown University, USA
Universite Charles de Gaulle - Lille 3,
France Karina Galperin
Universidad Torcuato Di Tella, Argentina
Andreas Eckert
Humboldt Universităt zu Berlin, Germany Arlette Gautier
Universite de Brest, France
Pieter Emmer
Universiteit Leiden, The Netherlands Sandra Gayol
Universidad Nacional de General
Clive Emsley
Sarmiento, Argentina
The Open University, UK
Didier Georgakakis
Shane Ewen
Universite de Strasbourg Robert Schuman,
Leeds Metropolitan University, UK
France
Stefano Fait
David Gerlach
University of St Andrews, UK
University of Pittsburgh, USA
Giovanni Federico
Karl Gerth
European University Institute, Italy
University of Oxford, USA
Olivier Feiertag Michael Geyer
Universite de Rouen, France University of Chicago, USA
Andreas Fickers Jessica C. E. Gienow-Hecht
Universiteit Maastricht, foharzn Wolfgang Goethe-Universităt
The Netherlands Frankfurt/Main, Germarzy
Robert Fitzgerald Petra Goedde
Royal Holloway, University of London, UK Temple University, USA
x List of Contributors
Marisa Gonzalez de Oleaga Christiane Harzig
Universidad Nacional de Educaci6n a Arizona State University, USA
Distancia, Spain
Pierre-Cyrille Hautcoeur
David Goodman Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences
University of Melboume, Australia Sociales, France
Timothy Gorringe Johan Heilbron
University of Exeter, UK Centre National de la Recherche
Scientifique, France
Christopher Goto-Jones
Universiteit Leiden, Hans Heiss
The Netherlands Universităt Innsbruck, Austria
Gabriele Gottlieb Madeleine Herren
Grand Valley State University, USA Ruprecht-Karls-Universităt Heidelberg,
Germany
Harrison Grafos
University of Pittsburgh, USA Winton Higgins
University of Technology Sydney, Australia
Julie Greene
University of Maryland, USA Neville Hoad
University of Texas at Austin, USA
Raymond Grew
University of Michigan, USA Dirk Hoerder
Arizona State University, USA
Bernd-Stefan Grewe
Universităt Konstanz, Germany Eri Hotta
Independent scholar, USA
J. Bishop Grewell
Politica[ Economy Research Center, USA Peter Hough
Middlesex University, UK
Tom Griffiths
Australian National University, Guy Houvenaghel
Australia Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium
Nicolas Guilhot Elisabeth Hsu
Social Science Research Council, USA University of Oxford, UK
Nicolas Guirimand Madeline Y. Hsu
Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences University of Texas at Austin, USA
Sociales, France
Michael Huberman
Kolleen M. Guy Universite de Montreal, Canada
University of Texas at San Antonio, USA
Tobias Hiibinette
Jane L. Guyer Multicultural Centre, Sweden
Johns Hopkins University, USA
Jonathan Hyslop
Cindy Hahamovitch University of The Witwatersrand,
College of William and Mary, USA
South Africa
Peter L. Hahn
Akira Iriye
Ohio State University, USA
Harvard University, USA
Jean-Louis Halperin
Ruud Janssens
Ecole Normale Superieure, France
Universiteit van Amsterdam,
jessica L. Harland-Jacobs The Netherlands
University of Florida, USA
Laurent jeanpierre
Stephen L. Harp Universite Paris XII- Val de Mame,
University ofA kron, USA France