The Oxford Handbook of Childhood and Education in the Classical World

721 Pages·2013·8.13 MB·English

by  Judith Evans Grubbs

THE OXFORD HANDBOOK OF
C H I L D H O O D A N D
E D U C AT I O N I N
T H E C L A S S I C A L
WO R L D
ooxxffoorrddhhbb--99778800119999778811554466--FFMM..iinndddd ii 1100//33//22001133 77::5599::1100 PPMM
ooxxffoorrddhhbb--99778800119999778811554466--FFMM..iinndddd iiii 1100//33//22001133 77::5599::1100 PPMM
THE OXFORD HANDBOOK OF
CHILDHOOD AND
EDUCATION IN THE
CLASSICAL WORLD
Edited by
JUDITH EVANS GRUBBS
and
TIM   PARKIN
with the assistance of
ROSLYNNE   BELL

1
ooxxffoorrddhhbb--99778800119999778811554466--FFMM..iinndddd iiiiii 1100//33//22001133 77::5599::1100 PPMM
3
Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford.
It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship,
and education by publishing worldwide.
Oxford New York
Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi
Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi
New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto
With offi ces in
Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece
Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore
South Korea Switzerland Th ailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam
Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press
in the UK and certain other countries.
Published in the United States of America by
Oxford University Press
198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016
© Oxford University Press 2013
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a
retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior
permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law,
by license, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reproduction rights organization.
Inquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights
Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above.
You must not circulate this work in any other form
and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Th e Oxford handbook of childhood and education in the classical world/edited by Judith Evans Grubbs and
Tim Parkin.
pages cm
Includes index.
ISBN 978–0–19–978154–6
1. Children—Rome. 2. Children—Greece—History—To 1500. 3. Education, Ancient. 4. Education,
Greek. 5. Education—Rome. 6. Rome—Social conditions. 7. Greece—Social conditions—To 146 B.C.
I. Grubbs, Judith Evans. II. Parkin, Tim G.
DE61.C4O58 2013
305.230938—dc23
2013010633

1 3 5 7 9 8 6 4 2
Printed in the United States of America
on acid-free paper
ooxxffoorrddhhbb--99778800119999778811554466--FFMM..iinndddd iivv 1100//33//22001133 77::5599::1100 PPMM
Contents

List of Figures ix
List of Tables xiii
Acknowledgments x v
Contributors x vii
Abbreviations x ix
Introduction 1
Judith Evans   Grubbs and Tim   Parkin
PART I GESTATION, BIRTH, DISEASE,
AND DEATH
1. Becoming Human: From the Embryo to the Newborn Child 17
Véronique   Dasen
2. The Demography of Infancy and Early Childhood in the Ancient
World 40
Tim   Parkin
3. Babies in the Well: Archeological Evidence for Newborn Disposal in
Hellenistic Greece 62
Maria A.   Liston  and Susan I. Rotroff
4. Infant Exposure and Infanticide 83
Judith Evans   Grubbs
5. The Child Patient of the Hippocratics: Early Pediatrics?  108
Lesley Dean-Jones
6. Raising a Disabled Child  125
Christian   Laes
ooxxffoorrddhhbb--99778800119999778811554466--FFMM..iinndddd vv 1100//33//22001133 77::5599::1100 PPMM
vi Contents
PART II CHILDREN AND CHILDHOOD IN
ANCIENT GREECE
7 . Children in Archaic and Classical Greek Art: A Survey 1 47
John H.   Oakley
8. Children as Learners and Producers in Early Greece 1 72
Susan Langdon
9. Shifting Gender: Age and Social Status as Modifiers of
Childhood Gender in Ancient Athens 195
Lesley A. Beaumont
10. Children in Athenian Religion 2 07
Robert Garland
11. Play, Pathos, and Precocity: The Three P's of Greek Literary
Childhood 2 27
Louise   Pratt
PART III CHILDREN AND CHILDHOOD IN
ANCIENT ROME
12. Children in Latin Epic  2 49
Mark   Golden
13. The Socialization of Roman Children  2 64
Janette McWilliam
14. Slave and Lower-Class Roman Children 286
Hanne Sigismund-Nielsen
15. Children and Childhood in Roman Commemorative Art 302
Lena Larsson   Lovén
16. Toys, Dolls, and the Material Culture of Childhood 3 22
Mary   Harlow
17. Roman Children and the Law 3 41
Thomas A. J.   McGinn
ooxxffoorrddhhbb--99778800119999778811554466--FFMM..iinndddd vvii 1100//33//22001133 77::5599::1100 PPMM
contents vii
PART IV EDUCATION AND EDUCATIONAL
PHILOSOPHY IN THE C LASSICAL WORLD
18. Education in Plato’s Laws 365
Cynthia B. Patterson
19. Boys, Girls, Family, and the State at Sparta 381
Nigel M. Kennell
20. Engendering the Scroll: Girls’ and Women’s Literacy in
Classical Greece 3 96
Matthew P. J.  Dillon
21. Educating the Youth: The Athenian E phebeia in the Early
Hellenistic Era 418
Eric   Casey
22. The Ancient Child in School 444
W. Martin Bloomer
PART V CHILDREN IN THE EASTERN
MEDITERRANEAN
23. Children in Ptolemaic Egypt: What the Papyri Say 465
Maryline   Parca
24. Children in Roman Egypt 4 84
April   Pudsey
25. Adoption and Fosterage in the Ancient Eastern Mediterranean  510
Sabine R. Huebner
26. Pictorial Paideia : Children in the Synagogue 532
Hagith   Sivan
PART VI LATE ANTIQUITY AND EARLY
CHRISTIANITY
27. Children and “the Child” in Early Christianity  5 59
Blake Leyerle
ooxxffoorrddhhbb--99778800119999778811554466--FFMM..iinndddd vviiii 1100//33//22001133 77::5599::1100 PPMM
viii Contents
28. Elite Children, Socialization, and Agency in the Late
Roman World 580
Ville Vuolanto
29. Remembering Children in the Roman Catacombs 600
Jenny R. Kreiger
30. Stages of Infancy in Roman Amphora Burial 625
Susan T. Stevens
Envoi 644
Keith Bradley
Index 6 63
ooxxffoorrddhhbb--99778800119999778811554466--FFMM..iinndddd vviiiiii 1100//33//22001133 77::5599::1100 PPMM
List of Figures
1.1 Manuscript illustrating diff erent positions of child in the womb 22
1.2 Model of uterus with two balls from Vulci 29
1.3 Seated fi gurine with baby in the belly 30
1.4 Gem with Horus seated on a uterus and holding a key 32
1.5 Enchytrismoi for burial of fetuses and neonates in the Kylindra
necropolis, Astypalaia 34
3.1 Neighborhood of the Bone Well, Athenian Agora 64
3.2 Feeding bottle from the Bone Well 66
3.3 Basins from the Bone Well 66
3.4 Cranial fracture in six-month-old infant from the Bone Well 72
3.5 Infant maxillae with cleft palate and normal palate 75
7.1 Flute player and advancing hoplites, detail from the Chigi Vase 149
7.2 Boys and girl with women working wool, Nikosthenic pyxis 151
7.3 Terracotta group with woman washing baby in tub 151
7.4 Warriors departing, Attic black-fi gure amphora, Group E 153
7.5 Boy holding liver for extispicy, Attic red-fi gure amphora,
Kleophrades Painter 156
7.6 C hild learning to crawl, Attic red-fi gure pelike, Manner of the
Washing Painter 157
7.7 Boy assisting youths at the palestra, Attic red-fi gure chous,
Achilles Painter 158
7.8 I nfant Herakles strangling snakes, Attic red-fi gure hydria, Nausicaa
Painter 160
7.9 G e giving baby Erichthonios to Athena, Attic red-fi gure calyx-krater,
Nikias Painter 161
7.10 Helen hatching from the egg, Apulian red-fi gure pelike, Painter
of Athens 1680 162
7.11 Mother holding corpse of dead boy, Attic white-ground lekythos,
Sounion Group, Near the Inscription Painter 163
ooxxffoorrddhhbb--99778800119999778811554466--FFMM..iinndddd iixx 1100//33//22001133 77::5599::1100 PPMM