The Oxford Guide to the Uralic Languages

1172 Pages·2022·68.393 MB·

by  Marianne Bakró-Nagy (editor), Johanna Laakso (editor), Elena Skribnik (editor)

OXIORD
LINGUISTICS
The Oxford Guide to the
Uralic Languages
EDITED BY
MARIANNE BAKRÓ-NAGY, JOHANNA LAAKSO,
& ELENA SKRIBNIK
THE OXFORD GUIDE TO THE
URALIC LANGUAGES
Oxford Guides to the world's languages
GENERAL EDITORS
Adam Ledgeway, University of Cambridge, and Martin Maiden, University of Oxford
ADVISORY EDITORS
Alexandra Y. Aikhenvald Central Queensland University Geoffrey Khan University ofCambridge
Edith Aldridge University of Washington Lutz Marten SOAS, London
Stephen R. Anderson Yale University Marianne Mithun University ofCalifornia, Santa Barbara
Bernard Comrie University ofCalifornia, Santa Barbara Irina Nikolaeva SOAS, London
Jan Terje Faarlund University ofOslo Chris Reintges CNRS, Paris
Alice Harris University ofMassachusetts, Amherst Masayoshi Shibatani Rice University
Bernd Heine University ofCologne David Willis University ofOxford
Paul Hopper Carnegie-Mellon University
PUBLISHED
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Edited by Adam Ledgeway and Martin Maiden
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Edited by Martine Robbeets and Alexander Savelyev
The Oxford Guide to the Uralic Languages
Edited by Marianne Bakró-Nagy, Johanna Laakso, and Elena Skribnik
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THE OXFORD GUIDE TO THE
Uralic Languages
EDITED BY
Marianne Bakró-Nagy, Johanna Laakso, and Elena Skribnik
OXTORD
UNIVERSITY PRESS
OXFORD
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Short contents
Detailed contents ix
Series preface xliv
Transcription and glossing xlv
The contributors xlix
Mapping the distribution ofthe Uralic languages l
TIMO RANTANEN, OUTI VESAKOSKI, AND JUSSI YLIKOSKI
Introduction liv
MARIANNE BAKRO-NAGY, JOHANNA LAAKSO, AND ELENA SKRIBNIK
PART I: The Making of the Uralic Languages 1
1. Proto-Uralic 3
LUOBBAL SÁMMOL SÁMMOL ÁNTE (ANTE AIKIO)
2. The divergence of Proto-Uralic and its offspring: A descendent reconstruction 28
JANNE SAARIKIVI
3. The making of the Uralic nation-state languages 59
JOHANNA LAAKSO
4. The Uralic minorities: Endangerment and revitalization 68
Annika Pasanen, Johanna laakso, and Anneli Sarhimaa
5. Language policy in Russia: The Uralic languages 79
KONSTANTIN ZAMYATIN
6. Graphization and orthographies of Uralic minority languages 91
Johanna laakso and Elena Skribnik
PART II: Language descriptions 101
7. Saami: General introduction 103
EINO KOPONEN
8. South Saami 113
JUSSI YLIKOSKI
9. Lule Saami 130
Jussi Ylikoski
10. North Saami 147
LUOBBAL SÁMMOL SÁMMOL ÁNTE (ANTE AlKIO) AND JUSSI YLIKOSKI
11. Aanaar (lnari) Saami 178
TAARNA VALTONEN, JUSSI YLIKOSKI, AND
LUOBBAL SÁMMOL SÁMMOL ÁNTE (ANTE AlKIO)
V
SHORT CONTENTS
12. Skolt Saami 196
EINO KOPONEN, MATTI MIESTAMO, AND MARKUS JUUTINEN
13. Kildin Saami 219
MICHAEL RIEßLER
14. Finnic: General introduction 240
JOHANNA LAAKSO
15. Finnish, Meänkieli, and Kven 254
JOHANNA LAAKSO
16. Karelian 269
ANNELI SARHIMAA
17. Veps 291
RIHO GRÜNTHAL
18. Ingrian 308
ELENA MARKUS AND FEDOR ROZHANSKIY
19. Votic 330
ELENA MARKUS AND FEDOR ROZHANSKIY
20. North and Standard Estonian 350
HELLE METSLANG
21. Seto South Estonian 367
KARL PAJUSALU
22. Livonian 380
JOHANNA LAAKSO
23. Mordvin (Erzya and Moksha) 392
ARJA HAMARI AND RIGINA AJANKI
24. Mari 432
SIRKKA SAARINEN
25. Permic: General introduction 471
GERSON KLUMPP
26. Komi 487
NIKOLAY KUZNETSOV
27. Udmurt 507
SVETLANA EDYGAROVA
28. Ugric: General introduction 523
ELENA SKRIBNIK AND JOHANNA LAAKSO
29. North Mansi 537
MARIANNE BAKRO-NAGY, KATALIN SIPŐCZ, AND ELENA SKRIBNIK
30. East Mansi 565
ULLA-MAIJA FORSBERG
31. North Khanty 582
MÁRIA SIPOS
SHORT CONTENTS
32. East Khanty 608
ZSOFIA SCHÖN AND KATALIN GUGÁN
33. Hungarian 636
ISTVÁN KENESEI AND KRISZTINA SZÉCSÉNYI
34. Samoyedic: General introduction 659
BEÁTA WAGNER-NAGY AND SÁNDOR SZEVERÉNYI
35. Nenets 674
SVETLANA BURKOVA
36. The EnetS languages 709
FLORIAN SIEGL
37. Nganasan 754
BEÁTA WAGNER-NAGY
38. Selkup 777
OLGA KAZAKEVIČ
39. Kamas 817
GERSON KLUMPP
PART III: General issues and case studies 845
40. Introduction to Part III: General issues and case studies 847
MARIANNE BAKRO-NAGY, JOHANNA LAAKSO, AND ELENA SKRIBNIK
41. Palatalization 849
MARIANNE BAKRO-NAGY
42. Consonant gradation 859
MARIANNE BAKRO-NAGY
43. Prosody 868
KARL PAJUSALU
44. Case 879
SEPPO KITTILÄ, JOHANNA LAAKSO, AND JUSSI YLIKOSKI
45. Person marking 894
GWEN EVA JANDA, JOHANNA LAAKSO, AND HELLE METSLANG
46. TAM and evidentials 904
Jeremy Bradley, Gerson Klumpp, and Helle Metslang
47. Negation and negatives 924
MATTI MIESTAMO
48. Non-finites 936
JUSSI YLIKOSKI
49. Word order 950
MARIA VILKUNA
50. Adpositions and adpositional phrases 961
RIHO GRÜNTHAL
vii
SHORT CONTENTS
51. Existential, locational, and possessive sentences 970
JOHANNA LAAKSO AND BEÁTA WAGNER-NAGY
52. Nominal predication 981
RIGINA AJANKI, JOHANNA LAAKSO, AND ELENA SKRIBNIK
53. Clause combining 996
ELENA SKRIBNIK
54. Information structuring 1018
GERSON KLUMPP AND ELENA SKRIBNIK
References 1037
Index 1103
viii
Detailed contents
Series preface xliv
Transcription and glossing xIv
The contributors xlix
Mapping the distribution ofthe Uralic languages 1
TIMO RANTANEN, OUTI VESAKOSKI, AND JUSSI YLIKOSKI
Introduction liv
Marianne BAKRÓ-NAGY, Johanna laakso, and Elena Skribnik
PART I: The Making of the Uralic Languages 1
1. Proto-Uralic
LUOBBAL SÁMMOL SÁMMOL ÁNTE (ANTE AlKIO)
1.1 Introduction 3
1.2 The structure of the Uralic language family 3
1.3 Phonology 4
1.3.1 State of research 4
1.3.2 Phoneme inventory 5
1.3.3 Phonotactics 8
1.3.4 Morpheme structure 10
1.3.5 Morphophonology 10
1.4 Morphology 11
1.4.1 State of research 11
1.4.2 Word classes 12
1.4.3 Noun declension 14
1.4.4 Verb conjugation 16
1.4.5 Word formation 19
1.5 Syntax 21
1.6 Lexicon 22
1.6.1 State of research 22
1.6.2 Semantic overview 23
1.6.3 External connections 25
2. The divergence of Proto-Uralic and its offspring: A descendent reconstruction 28
JANNE SAARIKIVI
2.1 Introduction and aims 28
2.2 Methodology 28
2.2.1 General outlines 28
2.2.2 Lexical strata 29
2.2.3 Areal linguistics 29
2.2.4 Toponymy 29
2.2.5 Palaeolinguistics 29
2.2.6 Archaeology, genetics, ethnicities, and language 30
2.2.7 Taxonomy of Uralic 31
ix