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T O GL
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T O GL
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®
E G
XTENSIONS UIDE
Eric Lengyel
CHARLESRIVERMEDIA, INC.
Hingham,Massachusetts
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Copyright 2003 by CHARLES RIVER MEDIA, INC.
All rights reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced in any way, stored in a retrieval system of any type, or trans-
mitted by any means or media, electronic or mechanical, including, but not limited to, photocopy, recording,
or scanning, without prior permission in writingfrom the publisher.
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CHARLES RIVER MEDIA, INC.
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Eric Lengyel. The OpenGL Extensions Guide.
ISBN: 1-58450-294-0
All brand names and product names mentioned in this book are trademarks or service marks of their respec-
tive companies. Any omission or misuse (of any kind) of service marks or trademarks should not be regarded
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panies, manufacturers, and developers as a means to distinguish their products.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Lengyel, Eric.
The OpenGL extensions guide / Eric Lengyel.
p. cm.
ISBN 1-58450-294-0 (Hardback : alk. paper)
1. Computer graphics. 2. OpenGL. 3. Computer games—Programming. I. Title.
T385.L43 2003
006.6'869—dc21
2003008206
Printed in the United States of America
03 7 6 5 4 3 2 First Edition
CHARLES RIVER MEDIA titles are available for site license or bulk purchase by institutions, user groups,
corporations, etc. For additional information, please contact the Special Sales Department at 781-740-0400.
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CONTENTS
Preface
Chapter 1 About OpenGL Extensions 1
Chapter 2 Blending 7
2.1 GL_EXT_blend_color 7
2.2 GL_EXT_blend_minmax 11
2.3 GL_EXT_blend_subtract 13
2.4 GL_EXT_blend_func_separate 15
2.5 GL_NV_blend_square 18
Chapter 3 Texture Environment 21
3.1 GL_ARB_multitexture 21
3.2 GL_ARB_texture_env_add 29
3.3 GL_ARB_texture_env_combine 31
3.4 GL_ARB_texture_env_crossbar 35
3.5 GL_ARB_texture_env_dot3 36
3.6 GL_NV_texture_env_combine4 37
3.7 GL_EXT_texture_lod_bias 39
Chapter 4 Texture Mapping 43
4.1 GL_ARB_texture_cube_map 43
4.2 GL_EXT_texture3D 52
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vi CONTENTS
4.3 GL_NV_texture_rectangle 64
4.4 GL_EXT_texture_edge_clamp 71
4.5 GL_ARB_texture_border_clamp 72
4.6 GL_ARB_texture_mirrored_repeat 74
4.7 GL_ATI_texture_mirror_once 75
4.8 GL_EXT_texture_filter_anisotropic 76
4.9 GL_SGIS_texture_lod 79
4.10 GL_SGIS_generate_mipmap 82
4.11 GL_NV_texture_expand_normal 84
Chapter 5 Texture Compression 87
5.1 GL_ARB_texture_compression 87
5.2 GL_EXT_texture_compression_s3tc 108
5.3 GL_NV_texture_compression_vtc 110
Chapter 6 Fragment Shading 113
6.1 GL_NV_register_combiners 113
6.2 GL_NV_register_combiners2 135
6.3 GL_NV_texture_shader 138
6.4 GL_NV_texture_shader2 165
6.5 GL_NV_texture_shader3 170
6.6 GL_ATI_fragment_shader 178
Chapter 7 Vertex Blending 201
7.1 GL_EXT_vertex_weighting 201
7.2 GL_ARB_vertex_blend 208
7.3 GL_ATI_vertex_streams 216
Chapter 8 Array Management 225
8.1 GL_EXT_draw_range_elements 225
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CONTENTS vii
8.2 GL_EXT_multi_draw_arrays 228
8.3 GL_ATI_element_array 231
8.4 GL_APPLE_element_array 235
8.5 GL_EXT_compiled_vertex_array 242
8.6 GL_NV_vertex_array_range 244
8.7 GL_NV_vertex_array_range2 250
8.8 GL_APPLE_vertex_array_range 252
Chapter 9 Synchronization 257
9.1 GL_NV_fence 257
9.2 GL_APPLE_fence 263
Chapter 10 Lighting 269
10.1 GL_EXT_separate_specular_color 269
10.2 GL_EXT_secondary_color 272
10.3 GL_EXT_rescale_normal 278
10.4 GL_NV_light_max_exponent 279
Chapter 11 Fog 281
11.1 GL_EXT_fog_coord 281
11.2 GL_NV_fog_distance 286
Chapter 12 Stencil Operations 291
12.1 GL_EXT_stencil_wrap 291
12.2 GL_EXT_stencil_two_side 292
12.3 GL_ATI_separate_stencil 296
Chapter 13 Shadow Mapping 303
13.1 GL_ARB_depth_texture 303
13.2 GL_ARB_shadow 307
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13.3 GL_ARB_shadow_ambient 309
13.4 GL_EXT_shadow_funcs 310
Chapter 14 Occlusion Culling 313
14.1 GL_HP_occlusion_test 313
14.2 GL_NV_occlusion_query 316
Chapter 15 Point Rendering 325
15.1 GL_ARB_point_parameters 325
15.2 GL_NV_point_sprite 328
Chapter 16 Pixel Formats 335
16.1 GL_EXT_bgra 335
16.2 GL_EXT_abgr 336
16.3 GL_EXT_packed_pixels 338
16.4 GL_APPLE_packed_pixels 340
16.5 GL_NV_packed_depth_stencil 344
Chapter 17 Miscellaneous 349
17.1 GL_ARB_transpose_matrix 349
17.2 GL_NV_depth_clamp 352
17.3 GL_NV_depth_bounds_test 353
17.4 GL_NV_primitive_restart 357
17.5 GL_NV_half_float 360
Chapter 18 Vertex Programs 373
18.1 GL_ARB_vertex_program 373
18.2 GL_NV_vertex_program 431
18.3 GL_NV_vertex_program1_1 474
18.4 GL_NV_vertex_program2 478
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CONTENTS ix
Chapter 19 Fragment Programs 503
19.1 GL_ARB_fragment_program 503
19.2 GL_NV_fragment_program 552
Appendix A Program Syntax Specifications 601
A.1 GL_ARB_vertex_program 602
A.2 GL_NV_vertex_program 612
A.3 GL_NV_vertex_program1_1 616
A.4 GL_NV_vertex_program2 617
A.5 GL_ARB_fragment_program 624
A.6 GL_NV_fragment_program 634
Appendix B Extension Index 645
Appendix C Function Index 647
Index 657
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