The oceanographer's companion : essential nautical skills for seagoing scientists and engineers

207 Pages·2017·13.275 MB·English

by  Maul, George A

The
Oceanographer’s
Companion
Essential Nautical Skills for
Seagoing Scientists
and Engineers
George A. Maul
The Oceanographer’s
Companion
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Photochemical
The Oceanographer’s
Water Splitting
Companion
Essential Nautical Skills for Seagoing
Materials and Applications
Scientists and Engineers
By George A. Maul
Neelu Chouhan
Ru-Shi Liu
Jiujun Zhang
Boca Raton London New York
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Library of Congress Cataloging‑in‑Publication Data
Names: Maul, George A., author.
Title: The oceanographer’s companion : essential nautical skills for seagoing scientists and
engineers / George A. Maul.
Description: Boca Raton, Fla. : CRC Press, 2017. | Includes index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2016035580| ISBN 9781498773065 (hardback : alk. paper) |
ISBN 9781498773096 (ebook)
Subjects: LCSH: Oceanography—Handbooks, manuals, etc. | Seamanship—Handbooks,
manuals, etc.
Classification: LCC GC24 .M38 2017 | DDC 623.88—dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016035580
Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at
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and the CRC Press Web site at
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Contents
Preface ......................................................................................................................xi
Acknowledgments ..............................................................................................xiii
Author .....................................................................................................................xv
1. Research Vessels of the Past and Present—A Brief History of
Seagoing Science .............................................................................................1
Timekeeping .....................................................................................................2
Oceanography Origins ...................................................................................3
United States Academic Research Vessels ...................................................6
Additional Reading .........................................................................................8
Exercises ............................................................................................................8
2. Seagoing Skills—Crews, Scientific Party, Logistics,
Emergencies, First Aid, and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ..............9
Shipboard Organization ...............................................................................10
The Scientific Party........................................................................................12
Emergencies ...................................................................................................13
First Aid and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation.........................................15
Additional Reading .......................................................................................18
Exercises ..........................................................................................................18
3. Research Vessel Construction—Terminology, Equipment, and
Machinery ......................................................................................................19
Terminology ...................................................................................................20
Structural Components ................................................................................22
Additional Reading .......................................................................................25
Exercises ..........................................................................................................26
4. Stability and Trim—Tonnage, Safety of Life at Sea, Maritime
Organizations, and Sea Change ................................................................27
Transverse Stability .......................................................................................28
Tonnage ...........................................................................................................30
Safety of Life at Sea .......................................................................................31
Other US Maritime Organizations .............................................................33
Sea Change .....................................................................................................34
v
vi Contents
Additional Reading .......................................................................................36
Exercises ..........................................................................................................36
5. Science Spaces—Open Deck, Wet Lab, Dry Lab, Computer Lab,
Stateroom, Lockers .......................................................................................37
Deck Layout ....................................................................................................37
Other Spaces for the Scientific Party ..........................................................39
Large Research Vessel Science Spaces ........................................................40
Additional Reading .......................................................................................42
Exercises ..........................................................................................................43
6. Mariner’s Compass—True and Magnetic, Variation, Deviation,
Correcting, and Uncorrecting ....................................................................45
Marine Compasses ........................................................................................46
The Napier Diagram .....................................................................................47
The Binnacle ...................................................................................................49
Additional Reading .......................................................................................51
Exercises ..........................................................................................................51
7. Coastal Navigation—Nautical Charts, Geographic Positioning,
Marine Electronics, and Instruments .......................................................53
The Nautical Chart ........................................................................................55
Visual Navigation ..........................................................................................58
Electronic Navigation ...................................................................................60
Additional Reading .......................................................................................61
Exercises ..........................................................................................................62
8. Rules of the Road—Classes of Vessels, Lights, Day Shapes,
Maneuvering, and Collision Avoidance ..................................................63
Collision Avoidance ......................................................................................65
Lights and Shapes..........................................................................................67
Sound Signals .................................................................................................70
Additional Reading .......................................................................................71
Exercises ..........................................................................................................72
9. Marlinspike Seamanship—Lines, Knots, Splices, Blocks,
Tackle, Cleats, and Fairleads ......................................................................73
Shipboard Cordage........................................................................................73
Knots ...............................................................................................................74
Splices ..............................................................................................................78
Contents vii
Block and Tackle ............................................................................................80
Cleats and Fairleads ......................................................................................81
Additional Reading .......................................................................................82
Exercises ..........................................................................................................82
10. Trailerable Boats—Hubs and Hitches, Trailering, Boat Ramps,
Launching, Recovery, and Anchoring ......................................................83
Trailering, Launching, and Recovery .........................................................84
Anchors ...........................................................................................................86
Anchoring .......................................................................................................89
Additional Reading .......................................................................................89
Exercises ..........................................................................................................90
11. Handling Equipment—Superstructure, Deck Machinery, Wire
Ropes, Clothing, and Commands .............................................................91
Wire Rope .......................................................................................................93
Clothing ..........................................................................................................96
Commands .....................................................................................................97
Additional Reading .......................................................................................99
Exercises ..........................................................................................................99
12. Oceanographic Stations—Preparation, Time, Position, Weather,
Personnel, and Ancillary Data .................................................................101
Station Preparation ......................................................................................104
Ancillary Data ..............................................................................................104
Voluntary Observing Ship Digital Input .................................................109
Apparent Wind → True Wind ...................................................................110
Additional Reading .....................................................................................112
Exercises ........................................................................................................113
13. Cruise Planning and Execution—Project Instructions, Foreign
Waters, Geographic Names, and Tides and Tidal Currents...............115
Project Instructions .....................................................................................117
Exclusive Economic Zone ...........................................................................119
Geographic Names ......................................................................................120
Tides ..............................................................................................................120
Tidal Currents ..............................................................................................124
Additional Reading .....................................................................................126
Exercises ........................................................................................................126
viii Contents
14. Underwater Operations—Planning, Equipment, Safety, Diving,
American Academy of Underwater Sciences Certification, and
Underwater Archeology ............................................................................127
Equipment ....................................................................................................128
Dive Operations ...........................................................................................132
Underwater Archeology .............................................................................134
Additional Reading .....................................................................................136
Exercises ........................................................................................................136
15. Celestial Navigation—Spherical Trigonometry, Spherical
Triangles, Azimuth, Sextant Altitude, Amplitude, and Line of
Position ........................................................................................................137
Spherical Trigonometry ..............................................................................137
Morning Amplitude ....................................................................................140
Morning Sunline .........................................................................................142
Local Apparent Noon .................................................................................145
Morning Star Sight ......................................................................................147
Additional Reading .....................................................................................152
Exercises ........................................................................................................152
Appendix A: Timeline of Important Events in Ocean Science and
Engineering .........................................................................................................153
Additional Reading .....................................................................................158
Appendix B: Glossary of Important Terms for Seagoing Scientists
and Engineers .....................................................................................................161
Additional Reading .....................................................................................172
Appendix C: Answers to Exercises for Seagoing Scientists and
Engineers .............................................................................................................173
Chapter 1 .......................................................................................................173
Chapter 2 .......................................................................................................173
Chapter 3 .......................................................................................................174
Chapter 4 .......................................................................................................174
Chapter 5 .......................................................................................................175
Chapter 6 .......................................................................................................176
Chapter 7 .......................................................................................................177
Chapter 8 .......................................................................................................178
Chapter 9 .......................................................................................................178
Contents ix
Chapter 10 .....................................................................................................179
Chapter 11 .....................................................................................................180
Chapter 12 .....................................................................................................181
Chapter 13 .....................................................................................................182
Chapter 14 .....................................................................................................183
Chapter 15 .....................................................................................................183
Index .....................................................................................................................185