The Novel: An Anthology of Criticism and Theory 1900-2000

840 Pages·2005·4.82 MB·English

by  Dorothy J. Hale

The Novel
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For Jeffrey and Madeline
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T
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Edited By
DOROTHY J. HALE
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An Anthology of Criticism and Theory
1900–2000
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ontents
C
Acknowledgments ix
General Introduction 1
Part I: Form and Function 17
1 V´ıktor Shklovsky, ‘‘Sterne’sTristramShandy’’ 31
2 Vlad´ımir Propp, from Morphology of the Folktale 54
3 HenryJames,Prefacesto the NewYork Edition 65
Preface to ThePortraitofa Lady
Preface to TheAmbassadors
4 Percy Lubbock,from The Craftof Fiction 86
5 NorthropFrye,from Anatomy of Criticism 97
‘‘Rhetorical Criticism: TheoryofGenres’’
Hale,Dorothy/TheNovel FinalProof 11.8.2005 8:23pm pagevi
Part II: The Chicago School 107
6 R.S. Crane,from ‘‘TheConcept ofPlot andthe Plot
of Tom Jones’’ 119
7 Ralph W.Rader, ‘‘Richardson to Austen’’ 140
8 WayneC.Booth,from The Rhetoric of Fiction 154
Part III: Structuralism, Narratology, Deconstruction 185
9 Tzvetan Todorov,from ThePoeticsof Prose 205
‘‘LanguageandLiterature’’
‘‘TheGrammarofNarrative’’
10 SeymourChatman, from Storyand Discourse 219
‘‘Discourse: Covert versus Overt Narrators’’
11 RolandBarthes,‘‘The Reality Effect’’ 229
12 RolandBarthes,‘‘From Workto Text’’ 235
13 J.Hillis Miller, from Reading Narrative 242
‘‘Indirect Discourses andIrony’’
14 BarbaraJohnson,from AWorld of Difference 257
‘‘Metaphor, Metonymy,and Voice in Their EyesWere
Watching God’’
Part IV: Psychoanalytic Approaches 271
15 Rene´Girard, from Deceit, Desire,and the Novel 294
‘‘‘Triangular’ Desire’’
16 Shoshana Felman, from ‘‘Turning theScrewofInterpretation’’ 315
‘‘TheTurns ofthe Story’sFrame: ATheoryofNarrative’’
17 Peter Brooks, ‘‘Freud’sMasterplot’’ 329
Part V: Marxist Approaches 343
18 WalterBenjamin, ‘‘TheStoryteller’’ 361
19 Gyo¨rgy Luka´cs,fromStudies in European Realism 379
20 Gyo¨rgy Luka´cs,‘‘TheIdeologyof Modernism’’ 394
contents
vi
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21 FredricJameson, from The Political Unconscious 413
Part VI: The Novel as Social Discourse 435
22 IanWatt,fromThe Rise of the Novel 462
‘‘Realism andthe Novel Form’’
23 M. M.Bakhtin,from ‘‘Discourse in the Novel’’ 481
24 HenryLouis Gates,Jr.,from TheSignifying Monkey 511
‘‘Zora Neale Hurston and theSpeakerlyText’’
25 Jane Tompkins,from SensationalDesigns 535
‘‘Introduction: The Cultural Workof American Fiction’’
26 D.A. Miller,fromThe Noveland the Police 541
Part VII: Gender, Sexuality, and the Novel 559
27 VirginiaWoolf,‘‘Women andFiction’’ 579
28 Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick,from Between Men 586
29 Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick,‘‘Queer Performativity:
HenryJames’sThe Art of the Novel’’ 605
30 NancyArmstrong,from Desireand DomesticFiction 621
‘‘Introduction: The PoliticsofDomesticating Culture,
Then and Now’’
31 CatherineGallagher, from Nobody’s Story 644
Part VIII: Post-Colonialism and the Novel 653
32 Gayatri ChakravortySpivak,‘‘Three Women’sTextsand
a Critiqueof Imperialism’’ 674
33 EdwardW.Said,from Cultureand Imperialism 691
‘‘Consolidated Vision’’
contents
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Hale,Dorothy/TheNovel FinalProof 11.8.2005 8:23pm pageviii
34 Homi K. Bhabha,from The Locationof Culture 716
‘‘DissemiNation: Time,Narrative,andthe Margins
ofthe ModernNation’’
35 FrancoMoretti, from Atlas of the European Novel, 1800–1900 734
‘‘The Novel, the Nation-State’’
Part IX: Novel Readers 747
36 Wolfgang Iser,from TheImpliedReader 763
‘‘TheReaderas a Component Partof theRealistic Novel’’
37 Nina Baym,from Novels,Readers, and Reviewers 779
‘‘TheTriumph ofthe Novel’’
38 Garrett Stewart,from Dear Reader 792
‘‘Inthe Absence ofAudience: OfReadingand Dread
in Mary Shelley’’
Index 803
contents
viii
Hale,Dorothy/TheNovel FinalProof 11.8.2005 5:59pm pageix
cknowledgments
A
The biographical headnotes included in this anthology are written by Avilah Getzler.
Avilahhasformanyyearsandformanyprojectsbeenaresearchassistantextraordinaire.
Her enthusiasm for this particular book sustained me over the long haul, while her
efficiencykeptmyeffortsontrack.Fromthefirstversionofthetableofcontentstothe
finalcopy-editingandproofreading,Avilahhasparticipatedinallphasesoftheanthol-
ogy’sdesignandexecution.Aninsightfulfirstreaderofmyownwritingforthevolume,
she has clarified my ideas as well as their presentation. I can’t imagine having under-
takenthisprojectwithoutherassistance–andIknowtheresearch,writing,andrevising
would not have been nearly so enjoyable without our shared interest in novels and
narrative.
Icountmyselfluckytohavefriendswhomadetimetoreadandcommentuponone
or more of the essays I wrote for the volume. Victoria Kahn, Jeffrey Knapp, Sharon
Marcus, Samuel Otter, Nancy Ruttenburg, and Cindy Weinstein showed exceptional
generosity in their willingness to respond to my work in detail and on short notice.
Their own intellectual vitality and capacity for alterity make them the best of inter-
locutors,evenwhenmyobsessionsleftmewithlittletotalkaboutotherthanthisbook.
Deirdre D’Albertis, Julia Bader, Dorri Beam, Margit Stange, and Lynn Wardley all
helped launch the volume. Their response to the book’s prospectus and my first
introductions led me to imagine theanthologyas more thanthe sum ofits parts.
Many students andcolleagues joined me in the happyconundrum of settlingon the
readingsforthevolume.Iwasfirstandforemostguidedbymysenseofwhichtextsheld
the most interest for my students in the novel theory courses that I have taught at
Hale,Dorothy/TheNovel FinalProof 11.8.2005 5:59pm pagex
Berkeley.Thoseclassdiscussionsprovidedtheframeworkforthevolumedesignandfor
the analytic work I do in the introductions. The Society for the Study of Narrative
Literature has been both an invaluable scholarly resource and an enabling intellectual
community.MywarmthankstoNarrativeSocietycolleaguesfortheirlivelyinterestin
thisanthology.Iamparticularlygratefulfortheopportunitytohavepresentedmywork
atthe2003NarrativeConference.Onthatoccasion,Ireceivedsuggestionsabouthowto
modifymytableofcontentstosuittheinterestsandneedsofcolleagueswhomightfind
the volume useful for their teaching. Franco Moretti generously sponsored the 2003
panel through the Stanford Center for the Study of the Novel. Here at Berkeley, I
profitedfromtheexpertiseandintellectualgenerosityofIanDuncan,wholookedovera
first draftof thetableof contents.JohnMcGowan andMartinKlepper,duringvisiting
stints at Berkeley, also commented upon early versions of the table of contents. I have
triedinmychoiceofreadingstodistilltheexpertadviceIreceivedfromallquarters.If
myfinaltableofcontentsdoesn’tperfectlyreflectallthatotherswouldliketohaveseen
in thevolume,noone,it’ssafe to say, wouldwantthe book anybigger.
From start to finish, Blackwell has wonderfully supported my large-scale vision for
theanthology.IamgratefultoRichardHutsonforputtingAndrewMcNeillieintouch
withme.Andrew’switandwisdominspiredmetotakeuptheproject.Unfailinglykind,
patient, and efficient, Emma Bennett, Karen Wilson, and Sandra Raphael all saw me
throughthewritingandproductionofthevolume.Mythanksalsogototheanonymous
readers who vetted the book’s prospectus as well as to those who reviewed the com-
pletedmanuscript.
The University of California, Berkeley, has nurtured this project both intellectually
andmaterially.RalphHexterandJanetAdelman,asdeananddepartmentchairrespect-
ively, supported my pursuit of research funding. The Townsend Center’s Associate
ProfessorInitiativeGrantprovidedteachingreleasethatenabledmetobringtheproject
tocompletion.IamindebtedtoDavidHollingerforhiswillingnesstoparticipateinthe
Townsend colloquium and, more generally, for his generous mentoring of younger
colleagues. Catherine Gallagher has fostered my work both in her capacity as depart-
mentchairandthroughtheexampleofherownscholarship.IanDuncan,SusanMaslan,
AlexZwerdling,FlorenceElon,andGeorgeStarrtalkedwithmeaboutthevolumeover
dinner, in coffee shops, at cocktail parties, and in the halls of Wheeler. Eric Naiman
advised me on editions and translations of the Russian formalists. The teaching and
scholarshipofRalphRaderandSeymourChatmanprovidedmyownintroductiontothe
theory of the novel. In the deepest sense, their work has made mine possible. I am
grateful for their friendship, encouragement, and inspiration over the years – not to
mention the conversationsthat keep me learningfrom them.
Special thanks go to friends and family who had little or no professional interest in
novel theory but who were always willing to discuss this book – or, the height of
friendship, to give me the solitude I needed to write it. These include James Astorga,
Suzy Bodor, Paul Billings, Caverlee Cary, Christopher Cavanagh, Milena Edwards,
Elisabeth Garst, Walter Greenblatt, Donna Marie Grethen, John Hale, Raluca Iuster,
DoreenKlein,MariaMavroudi,PanosPapadopoulos,SusanReider,HeleneSilverberg,
Paul Tong,SusanVernon, and HenryWigglesworth.
JeffreyKnappandMadelineHalecheeredmeon,cheeredmeup,andgavemetime.
Theyneveraskedmetoleavemyworkattheoffice,althoughtheyoftenhelpedmeget
acknowledgments
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