Table Of ContentThe Newman Lectures
on Transport Phenomena
The Newman Lectures
on Transport Phenomena
John Newman
Vincent Battaglia
Published by
Jenny Stanford Publishing Pte. Ltd.
Level 34, Centennial Tower
3 Temasek Avenue
Singapore 039190
Email: [email protected]
Web: www.jennystanford.com
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A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
The Newman Lectures on Transport Phenomena
All rights reserved. This book, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form
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ISBN 978-981-4774-27-7 (Hardcover)
ISBN 978-1-315-10829-2 (eBook)
Contents
Introduction
Section A: Basic Transport Relations ix
1. Conservation Laws and Transport Laws 3
2. Fluid Mechanics 5
2.1 Conservation of Mass 5
2.2 Conservation of Momentum 6
2.3 Momentum Flux 8
3. 2M.4ic roscAopssicu Imntpetripornest ation of the Momentum Flux 191
4. Heat Transfer in a Pure Fluid 13
5. Concentrations and Velocities in Mixtures 19
6. Material Balances and Diffusion 23
7. Relaxation Time for Diffusion 27
8. Multicomponent Diffusion 31
9. Heat Transfer in Mixtures 39
10. Transport Properties 41
11. Entropy Production 47
12 Coupled Transport Processes 53
12.1 Entropy Production 56
12.2 Thermoelectric Effects 58
12.2.1 Energy Transfer 60
12.2.2 Thermoelectric Equation 61
12.2.3 Heat Generation at an Interface 62
vi Contents
12.2.4 Heat Generation in the Bulk 63
12.2.5 Thermoelectric Engine 63
12.2.6 Optimization 65
12.3 Fluctuations and Microscopic Reversibility 67
12.3.1 Macroscopic Part
68
12.3.2 Ensemble Averages 70
12.3.3 Microscopic Reversibility and
Probability of States 71
12.3.4 Decay of Fluctuations 73
12S.e3c.5ti oSnu Bm: maLraym inar Flow Solutions 74
13. Introduction 83
14. Simple Flow Solutions 87
14.1 Steady Flow in a Pipe or Poiseuille Flow 87
14.2 Couette Flow 88
15. 1St4o.3ke s FIlmowpu plasisvt ea M Spohtieorne of a Flat Plate 8985
16. Flow to a Rotating Disk 101
17. Singular-Perturbation Expansions 107
18. Creeping Flow past a Sphere 117
19. Mass Transfer to a Sphere in Stokes Flow 123
20. Mass Transfer to a Rotating Disk 131
21. Boundary-Layer Treatment of a Flat Plate 135
22. Boundary-Layer Equations of Fluid Mechanics 141
23. Curved Surfaces and Blasius Series 147
24. The Diffusion Boundary Layer 153
25. Blasius Series for Mass Transfer 167
Contents vii
26. Graetz–Nusselt–Lévêque Problem 173
26.1 Solution by Separation of Varia bles 174
26.2 Solution for Very Short D istances 176
26.3 Extension of Lévêque Solution 177
27. 2N6a.t4u ral MCoansvs eTcrtaionnsf er in Annuli 117883
28. High Rates of Mass Transfer 189
29. Heterogeneous Reaction at a Flat Plate 197
30. Mass Transfer to the Rear of a Sphere in Stokes Flow 207
31. Spin Coating 217
32. Stefan–Maxwell Mass Transport 223
Section C: Transport in Turbulent Flow
33. Turbulent Flow and Hydrodynamic Stability 251
33.1 Time Averages of Equations of Motion,
Continuity, and Convective Diffusion
251
33.2 Hydrodynamic Stability 252
33.3 Eddy Viscosity, Eddy Diffusivity, and
Universal Velocity Profile 252
33.4 Application of These Results to Boundary
Layers 252
34. 3Ti3m.5e AvSetraatgiestsi caanld T Thuerobruileesn ot fT Traunrsbpuolretn ce 225535
35. Universal Velocity Profile and Eddy Viscosity 261
36. Turbulent Flow in a Pipe 265
37. Integral Momentum Method for Boundary Layers 269
38. Use of Universal Eddy Viscosity for Turbulent
Boundary Layers 273
39. Mass Transfer in Turbulent Flow 275
viii Contents
40. Mass Transfer in Turbulent Pipe Flow 281
41. Mass Transfer in Turbulent Boundary Layers 287
42. New Perspective in Turbulence 293
Appendix A: Vectors and Tensors
Appendix B: Similarity Transformations
297
Index 303
309
Introduction ix
Introduction
This book presents fluid mechanics and heat and mass transfer
from a fundamental viewpoint. It gives quantitative material which
permits senior undergraduate and graduate students to develop
models describing system behavior. The presentation is broken into
three parts: Basic Transport Relations, Laminar Flow Solutions, and
Transport in Turbulent Flow.
The first part lays out the governing physical laws, in some
detail. The detail is useful so that one can formulate a mathematical
description of a given problem and at the same time realize what
approximations are being made. Thus, one can get a good idea of
system behavior with a simple model, but if this is not adequate for
the purpose, one can refine the model to include other factors that
are essential to describe the relevant features of the system for the
present application.
The second part seeks to solve the developed model so as to yield
quantitative results of system behavior. Some of these are really
simple, and the reader is likely to be already familiar with the results.
Other examples treat systems that have more complicated behavior
but are still tractable. The reader is likely to want to go beyond this
and explore a problem that has not been treated before. Then, the
first step is to formulate the problem, with differential equations
and appropriate boundary conditions, on the basis of the material
in Part A. The second step is to solve the mathematical problem,
numerically if necessary, using tools developed in Part B. The third
part of the problem is to contemplate the meaning of the result. This
serves to refine one’s intuition in addition to getting a specific result,
thereby gaining insight into unfamiliar but related systems.
