Table Of Content1
New
The
Oxford History
Music
of
The
Early
Middle Ages
to 1300
Volume
1
SECOND EDITION
New
The
Oxford History
of Music
Ancient and Oriental Music
I
EditedbyEgon Weilesz
The Early Middle Ages to 1300
II
EditedbyRichardCrockerandDavidHiley
Ars Nova and the Renaissance (1300-1540)
III
EditedbyDomAnselm HughesandGeraldAbraham
IV The Age of Humanism (1540-1630)
EditedbyGeraldAbraham
V Opera and Church Music (1630-1750)
EditedbyAnthonyLewisandNigelFortune
VI Concert Music (1630-1750)
EditedbyGeraldAbraham
VII The Age of Enlightenment (1745-1790)
EditedbyEgon WeileszandF. W. Sternfeld
VIII The Age of Beethoven (1790-1830)
EditedbyGeraldAbraham
IX Romanticism (1830-1890)
EditedbyGeraldAbraham
NEW OXFORD HISTORY OF MUSIC
VOLUME
II
THE VOLUMES OF THE
NEW OXFORD HISTORY OF MUSIC
i. Ancient and Oriental Music
ii. The Early Middle Ages to 1300 (new edition)
in. Ars Nova and the Renaissance (1300-1540)
iv. The Age of Humanism (1540-1630)
v. Opera and Church Music (1630-1750)
vi. Concert Music (1630-1750)
vii. The Age of Enlightenment (1745-1790)
viii. The Age of Beethoven (1790-1830)
ix. Romanticism (1830-1890)
x. The Modern Age (1890-1960)
THE EARLY
MIDDLE AGES
TO
1300
EDITED BY
RICHARD CROCKER
AND
DAVID HILEY
OXFORD NEW YORK
OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS
1990
<\k° *Y o° Oxford UniversityPress, Walton Street, Oxford0X26DP
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Oxfordis a trademark ofOxford University Press
Publishedin the UnitedStates
by Oxford University Press, New York
© Oxford University Press 1990
Allrightsreserved. Nopart ofthispublication may be reproduced,
or transmitted, in anyform orbyanymeans,
electronic, mechanical,photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without
thepriorpermission ofOxford University Press
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
The New Oxfordhistory ofmusic.—2nd
ed.
vol. 2: The early Middle Ages to 1300
1. Music, to 1960
I. Crocker, RichardL. II. Hiley, David
III. Earlymedievalmusic up to 1300
780'.9
ISBN 0-19-316329-2
Library ofCongress Cataloguing in Publication Data
The Early Middle Ages to 1300.
(New Oxfordhistory ofmusic; v. 2)
Rev. ed. of: Earlymedievalmusic, up
to 1300. 967
Bibliography:p. Includes index.
1. Music—500-1400—Historyandcriticism.
1. Crocker, RichardL. II. Hiley, David.
III. Early medievalmusic, up to 1300.
IV. Series: New Oxfordhistory ofmusic (2nd
ed.) ; v. 2.
ML160.N440 1989 vol. 2 780'.902 88-22469
ISBN 0-19-316329-2
Printedin Great Britain by
RichardClay Ltd, Bungay, Suffolk
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The present volume was conceived in 1977 at the instigation ofthe late
Editor, Gerald Abraham. Various chapters were drafted in the years
immediately following, and the work ofediting was begun. Additional
editorial assistance was provided by Prof. David Hiley, who reviewed
the materials—by now extensive—for the entire volume. Prof. Ernest
Sanders reviewed the concluding two chapters on polyphony. I want
to express my thanks to these scholars and to the contributors, as well
as to the staff ofthe Oxford University Press for making this volume
possible.
Richard L. Crocker
University ofCalifornia Berkeley
,
1
CONTENTS
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS xii
ABBREVIATIONS
xiii
INTRODUCTION XV
part i: Christian Chant of the Eastern Churches
I. CHRISTIAN CHANT IN SYRIA, ARMENIA, EGYPT, AND ETHIOPIA 3
By Milos Velimirovic
Syrian Chant 3
Armenian Chant 9
Liturgical Books
1
Notation 12
Armenian Centres in Europe 13
Coptic Chant 14
Origins of Coptic Chant 16
The Coptic Services 17
Methods of Performance 18
Ethiopian Chant 19
St Yared and the Dabtara 20
Services and Service-Books 22
ii. BYZANTINE CHANT By Milos Velimirovic 26
The History of Byzantine Chant 29
Byzantine Liturgical Services 33
The Development of Byzantine Music 36
The Kontakion 36
The Kanon 38
Stichera 39
Hymnography under the Restored Empire 40
Liturgical Books and their Use 41
The Concept of Mode in Byzantine Chant 45
Neumatic Notation 48
Middle Byzantine Neumes 50
Examples of Byzantine Chant 54
Russian Chant 63
part ii Christian Chant of the Western Churches
:
III. LATIN CHANT OUTSIDE THE ROMAN TRADITION 69
By Kenneth Levy
Beneventan Chant 70
CONTENTS
viii
Central Italy, Ravenna, Aquileia 78
Milanese or Ambrosian Chant - - 82
Celtic Chant 89
Anglo-Saxon Chant 91
Gallican Chant 93
Hispanic, Old Spanish, or ‘Mozarabic’ Chant 101
IV. LITURGICAL MATERIALS OF ROMAN CHANT 111
By Richard Crocker
Tools and Materials 115
Calendar 118
Psalmody 121
Stichic Texts of the Office 123
Formularies for Mass 133
Gradual Responsories 135
Introits 139
Communions 141
Offertories 143
v. chants of the roman office By Richard Crocker 146
Antiphons of the Ferial Office 150
Antiphons of the Temporale and Sanctorale 154
The Invitatory 162
Frankish Classification of Antiphons 165
Tonaries 168
Responsories 169
vi. chants of the roman mass By Richard Crocker 174
Introit Melodies 174
Communion Melodies 184
Offertory Melodies 190
Gradual and Tract Melodies 196
Alleluia Melodies 214
part hi: Medieval Monophony in Western Europe
vn. medieval chant By Richard Crocker 225
Some Stichic Combinations before 800 228
Strophic Hymns 232
New Frankish Forms 243
Tropes and the Gloria in excelsis 246
Sequence and Prose 256
Introit Tropes 264
Kyrie eleison 271
