Table Of ContentHA
oie,
.\A/oc
THE
NAUTILUS
Volume 117, Number1
April28. 2003
ISSN0028-1344
Acjuartcrhjdevoted
to malacology.
r
EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Dr. Douglas S.Jones Dr. Cleerat X'ermeij
J.
Dr.Jose H. Leal Florida Museum ofNatural Histor\- Departmentol (ieologx'
The Bailev-Mattliews Slicll Miiscuin UuixersityofFlorida UniversityofCaliforniaat Davis
3075Sanibel-CaptivaRoad Gaine.svilie, FL32611-2035 Davis,CA95616
Sanibel.FL33957 Dr. HanyG. Lee Dr. G.ThomasWalters
MANAGING EDITOR 1801 Barrs Street, Suite500 Aquatic Ecolog\'Laboratory-
Jacksonville, FL32204 1314 Kinnear Road
ChristinaPetrikas
OH
TheBailey-MatthewsShell Museum Dr.CharlesLydeard Columbus, 4.3212-1194
3075 Sanibel-CaptivaRoad Biodi\'ersitvand Svstematics Dr.John B.Wise
Sanibel,FL33957 Department of Biological Sciences Houston Museum ofNatural Science
EDITOREMERITUS TUunsicvaelrosoistay,ofAALl3a5b4a8m7a Houston,TX770.30-1799
Dr. M. G. Harase\v\'ch
DepartmentofInvertebrateZoologv' Dr.James H. McLean SUBSCRIPTION INFORMATION
National Museumof Department ofMalacology
Natural Iliston Natural Histon-Mus(>um Thesubscription rateperxolmueis
Smithsonian Institution oi LosAngeles(;<)uuty US $35.00 forindividuals, US $.56.00
Washington, DC20560 900Exposition Boulevard forinstitutions. Postageoutsidethe
LosAngele-s,CA90007 United Statesisanadditional US
CONSULTING EDITORS
$5.00forsurfaceand US S15.00for
Dr. Riidiger Bieler Dr. PaulaM.Mikkelsen airmail. .\I1orders shouldbe
Department ofLi\ing Invertebrates
DepartmentofInvertebrates accompaniedIn paviuentandsentto;
Field Museumof The .\nierican MuseumofNatin-al THE NAUTILUS,'PO. Box 1580,
History
Natural History NewYoric, NY 10024 Sanibel.FL.33957, USA.
Chicago, IL60605
NDro.rtAhrtChaurrolEi.nBaoSgtaante Museumof DMru.sDeiuamrmoafiZdo6olFoogigNhainld Department Ct7hie(7p/iugb('liosfhaedrdroefsyso:urPlneeawseadidnrfeosrsmat
Natin"alSciences ofBiolog)' least6weeksinadvance. All
Raleigh, NC27626 Universitx of Michigan comnnmicatious shouldincludeboth
Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1079 oldaminewaddresses (withzip
Dr Piiilippe Bouchet codes)andstatetheeffectivedate.
Laboratoirede Biologiedes Dv. GustavPaulay
Invertebres Marinset Malacologie Florida MuseumofNatural Histon- THE NAUTILUS (ISSN 0028-1344)
Mu.seum NatioiuJd'HistoireNaturelle UniversityofFlorida ispublished([uarterlvbvThe Bailev-
55, rue Buffon C;aine.svirie, FL32611-2035 Matthews Shell .Museum, 3075
Paris,7.5005 France Sanibel-CaptivaRoad, Sanibel, FL
Mr. Richard E. Petit
Dr. Roiiert H. CJowie PO. Bo.\.3() 33975.
CenterforConser\ation Research Norih M\rtlc Beach, SC29582
Periodicalspostagepaid at Sanibel,
andTraining
Dr. Gar^Rosenberg FL.andadditional mailingoffices.
Uni\crsit\ ofIla\v;iii DepartmentofMoliusks
3H0o.n5o0lMuallui.cHWIav9,68(2i2ihnore409 T1h9e00ABceandjeanmninolFrNaantkulrianlPSacrike\nvca\e's cPhOaSngTeMsAtSo:TTEHRE: SNcAuiUlTaIddLreU.Sss
i:)r RobertT. Dillon,J Philadelphia, PA 19103 PO. Box 1580
Department (jl Biology Sanibel, FL33957
CollegeofC;liarleston Dr. .-VngeiX'uldes
Charleston, SC29424 13epartuR'ntofMalacologs'
Natural IIistor\' Museum
Dr. Eileen H.Jokinen ofLosAngelesCounty
8234 E. North Shore Road 900 Exposition Boulevard
SaultSte. Marie, MI 49783 LosAngeles,CA90007
TH Et7NAUTI LUS
\'(>liiiiic 117. Xiiiiihcr 1
April 2H. 2003
ISSN 0028-1344
CNTKXTS
Fred E. ^^'ells E(.'(ilii<j;i(al scpaiatidii (il tlir iniulwliclks nrcliidliii sulcntu
(Born, 177S) ami T. scniistiiatd (Moirli, lS52i ((^astmpnila:
Potainiilidac) trniii luirtlierii Australia 1
Dici;<) (;. Zola\a Two new species (il Arn/c/j/u/i Moiiteins.ito. 1S75 i l^i\al\"ia:
Christian Iliiarle Nenleptoiiiilaei lioiii South Cedi^ia Islands. Soutli Atlantic
()eeau fi
Gai'A' W. Sclimelz \ new speiies (il Mrtitld (Ciastropoda: (lolnhraiiidae! Irom
Rojjer W. Portell the Liiwcr Mincetie ('liipola Fiirniatinu el l'"liiiida 12
Ciiido Pastorino A new species ol Ancillariinae (Clastropnda: ()Ii\idae' liciui
the southwestern Atlantic Ocean 15
Hicliarcl C. ^^'illan On the publication date, authorship, and tApe species of
H()l)erl Burn I'liiliriiciiliiin and 'DjIinliHa (Oastropoda: Opistliohrancliia:
Fnliidiuoidea): a rejoinder 23
Book Re>icw 29
Notice 30
U'-:',T,u.-, Sii
tulion
MAY 5 2003
^^'ooc's hvjie, W.A 02543
Sponsored in part by the State of Florida, Department
of State, Division of Cultural Affairs, tfie Florida Arts
Council and the National Endowment for the Arts.
THE NAUTILUS 117(l):l-5, 2003 Pirn- 1
Ecological separation ol the nuidwhelks Tcrcbralia sulcata
(Born, 1778) and T. sciiiisfriafa (Morch, 1(S52) (CTastropoda:
Potaniididae) from northern Australia
Fred E. \\ells
Wcstciii Aiistialiiiii MiiM'iiiii
I'ciih (iODO, Wcslriu \iislr.ilia
AUSTHM.IA
WfllslC'i'iiiuscuiii.wa.iliA.au
ABSTRACT
iiini[iarati\e ecology iWells, 19S()I. ;ind I'elatioiislup to
canopy i-o\er ((.royvc. 1997; Croyyc and McMalion
Until R'fciitK. t\M) species were reen'^iii/ed m llir |)i>l,iiiii(li(l (1997).
s;eiiiis Tii'ilinilhi T jinhistris (L.iniiaens, ITliT' and / siilcntn I'litil 1991. all ecologii-al studies recognized only fyvii
o((llMi(os)ihrieiel.llsr,I1rTSaTodSin'liahe,dInIaidnu.il/t'iir\jiiieiiilk\i,iial(in1rd9h9at1.^)seeniilisrecapmplaiariaedateletdailiilse/t'driel\\)(auiitiiiiinii-ni,sil.altiTiiiihitiieii s7'pe\ciiilecisitioif(IB'ocrnnh,nifl7u7iS.).T.Iniiiallimi;\itrjio\r(rIeJyiiiisKiUo'nilosf. tfh7eB7gr!o;umpd.
present paper pniMdes eiiniparati\e data im '4eii^iaplneal dis- Ilonlirick (1991) recognized a third species ol Tcrfhnil-
tliliutiiin alcin;^ the Anstialiau coast, liahitat, si/e lre(|nenc\ iiL sep;n'atiiig 7' scmistriala (M()rch, 1852), a taxon pre-
characteristics, anddensities oftlietwospecies, wInch provides yionsK considered lo lie a syiionyiii oi 7' \ulcillil. The
further confirmation that separate specific status is warranted. yyxirk y\'as based on ;i yyide comliination ol characters,
including shells, ratlulai', anatoiny, and geographical dis-
Adililioinil kill iiiii'd.s (a'nthioKk'a. uiantjioxes, ta\onoui\.
tributions. Wilson (1993) considered the diyisiou of 7'
ecolo<r\.
snJcatd into tyyd closely rekited species re<|uiretl confir-
mation based on ecological separation ol the species.
The pn'Sent paper compares the ecology of T. scmistria-
IXlHODlt riox
l/i antl T. sulcald. confirming that separate specific status
is yyariaiited.
Tile Pdtainididae is one of tlie (li)nnnanl families of hkiI-
iiisks in in,in'j;rn\es in tlie liulo-West Pacific region. In
particular, iiiiidwlielks cjf the m'lieia I'lnhniliii and 7r/- MATKBI \1,S AM) .MKlllonS
csr(>j)iiiiii are aniiiiig the largest and luosl visihleol niaii-
gr()\e inollusks, and are ke\' components ol the ecos\s- Tcrchrdlid scinislrinhi .iiid V' sulrdid yyere found to occur
tem (McNae. I9fi7; IVjaS; Plazait, 1977; 1984; Wells and in separate portions ol tin' same mangroye systems dur-
l„illi. ill press! ill a series of studies in the Ba\ of f-iest. ing ;i collecting eypeditioii iiKide to DaiAyin Harbour,
iioithwestern .Aiislrali.i, and in IIoiil!; Kong. Wells ( 19S0, Northern Territory, in |une 198(i. The ty\(i species yyere
f9S:l f9S4a, 19S4li. 19SH. 1990) demonstrated the im- tagged for groyyth studies at Maiidorali 12'54' S;
(
portance of Tcrchralin (the Ba\ of Best population was 13()°32' E) in .May and December 1999 respectiycK and
identified in tlu' piipcrs as T. sulcald hut is now consid- yyere monitored ;it ;ip|)idximately six monthly iutenals.
ered to lie 7! sciiiisthtltd). For example, rcichniliii sfin- The compaiatiye study ol the tyyii species reporti'd here
istlidtil comprised 55'^ of the hioniass ol ail inxerte- was made Iroiii 21 to 2(1 M.iy 2001. on the last yisit lor
hrates in the Alicciiiiia /one ol the iiiaiigro\es iii the till- grii\\ill studies.
Bay ol Best, Both 7' jxilusfris and T s<inistniit(i can The ty\o species yyere re;idily identified ill the field
attain signilic.inf densities (often al)o\i' 100 in -i within using shell chaiacters described by Hoiibrick (1991'.
mangroM's. hiil populations reach to the edge ol the At - The shell of Tcrchrdiui sciiiislridln is larger ;m(l lieayier
icciiiiid pnenmatophores and no tnrtlier (Wells, 19Sfii. than 7' Milcdtd. has yyeaker sutures, is yyeakK sculptured
Ill recent years there has been an increase in studies yyith flattened spiral cords, and lacks a\ial ribs,
ol Tcri'hrnlia, inclndiiig their general hiologx (Soeiiio- \ 30 111 Irausecl (ape \\;is placed peqiendiculai' to (he
dihardjo and Kastoro, 1977: Rambaliii et ,il., 19S7'. feed- shoreline at the Iroiil ol the mangroyes (Tcrcbrdlin \ul-
ing (Nishihira, 19.S.3; Slim et ak. 1997). eark gniwlli fdld'i ;m(l at the back ol the mantrroycs (7! sciiiisliidid''.
(Bao. 193S: Hashimoto and Xishijima. I9S7), historical \ 1 II ladrat yvas si'arched eyery z m ironi (he
(k'clincs in populations ((Jligaki and K.nro/.imii, 2000), \yard orJandyyard Iriuge ol the mangroyes until the limit
Piige 2 THE NAUTILUS. \V)1. 117. NO.
^ ^ creek. Fitt\ animals were coiiiilcd in each lial)itat. To he
eonsiderecl to l)e on the nuuiiiroxc. llie snail had to ha\e
the sliell apex oil the f^ronnd: animals Kin'j; on the mud
snrlaee with thi'lr loot attached to a inan'.ir()\'e were con-
sidered lo !)e on the sediment.
Shore lieiiihts ol llie populations were determiued on
ig
the alternoon ol 22 Ma\ 2001. The time when the lower
portion ol the Tcrchrtilia siilcala population hecame co\-
.^ ered on the lisiuii; tide was noted, and the tide followed
up the shoreline. Shore heights were determined hv
com[)arison with the .\ustrahan National Tide Tahles
(Department ol Deleuce, 2000) lor Dan\'in Ifarhonr
Tides in the harhourare predominantK semidinrnal witli
a Tuaximuiii ramie during the vcar ol 7.S m. '{"lie mean
neap tidal range is 1.9 m. while springs axerage 5.5 m.
Data on geographic distrihutions ol the two species
were ohtained l)\ examining specimens in the .Australian
Museum, S\(lne\ i.WIS). The Natural IlistoiA Museum.
-^^
London (HMNTli. National .Museum ol Natmal iliston.
Smithsonian luslitntioii lU'SNNL'; Western .Australian
Figures 1, 2. .Shell ol Ycnhvitlui siilcdin \\ ' .mil /' Mini- Must'um i\\'.\.\l). ,iud the Zoological .Museum, (^opeii-
slriala (2) from the niangrove.s at .\l,iii(l(ir.ili, Daiwin M.uixiiir. haw'n (/..MC),
Nortlieni Tcrriton'. Scale liar = M) iiiiii.
RESULTS
ol the snail popuialious. Ail snails encountered were
counted and measured lo the neanvsl I nun willi cali- Populations ol tiic two species (Figures 1. 2^ were clearK'
pers. FoiU' transects were made at ~> m interxals along separated in the mangroxcs at Mandorah. Tcrchraliasitl-
tiie slioreline lor T siilcnlu ,iiid at 3 m inlei'\als Im- T. cdlii oeciipies the seaward /one ol the mangroxes at a
scmisfriafa. mid-tidal level ol 4.9 to 5.3 in (Tahle ll. Tiie site is near
The hal)itals occupied li\ the snails were also noted .1 channel hehind an intertidal sand heai'h. and is occu-
wlien searcliing the transects. .Additional snails were col- pied li\ a mixed mangrove assemhlage. including txvo
lected in the area to ohtain 500 measni-ements lor Tir- Luge Aiicciiiiiii iniiriiui trees, one ol which is ajiproxi-
I'hralia si'iiiistriata and as man\ as possilile lor 7' .siilcal/i. niatelv (i III high, sin,ill i <2 iiO ('criojis iiiislrails, and
a.s there were insullicii'ut T sulciilii in the area (o mea- isolated trees ol liliizopliora sli/losa. Tin' mangroves vai"\'
sure 500 individuals. Total shell length was mcasui'ed to in size Irom small sa|)lings a lew centimeters higli to lull
the nearest 1 mm with calipers. \n inllated outer lip is grown li slifloMi The eh.innel h.mk slopes steeplv up to
lormed when the animals mature, alter which no lurther the mangrove /one. where the shore levels oil. The
IncrciLse in shell length occurs illoiihrick. 1991 >. I'osi- uiiiddv sand is then relativelv Hat. with shore height in-
tioiis ol I', siilcatd on niangrovc's or sediment snrlaee creasing hv 0.4 III over a hori/.outai ilislauee ol ai)out 25
were mea.snrcd to the ca.st and west ol a small tidal 111. This ilat area is occuiiicd hv T. sulcata. Shoreward
Table 1. (loiiiparisoii el the iiMi(l\\lielks I'cichidlid siiliiilii ,niil 7' sciiiislriiilii In the iii,iii<iriives ,it M.iiKldr.ili. l)aiA\in ll.irliour,
Nortlieni lerrilorv. The ilillerenee helweeii hahit.its (leeiipied tn tin' east ,iii(l v\est (il the tidal ereek was sl,itislie,illv si^iiKieailt (x^
= <
l9.fS. p ().().5!.
( li.ir.ielerislic r<iil)i(ili(i sididUi Iriihidliii \nnistriiitii
Position ill iiiani;rovcs Seaward inargin Shoreward margin
.Shore liciglil •1.9-5.3 ill (i.1 -(l(i in
liahitat On sediiiieiit surl.iee; also elinilis iiMiinrove On sediment snrlaee: never elinihs up iiiail-
trees, slirnhs and piieuiiialijpli(ires to a grovi's
lieiijlit ol ii]i to W) em
neiisitv Mean 0.4 i 0.1 in -. Mean 1,3 ± O.-i iii -.
Si/e Ireiniencv eli.iraeleristies Sm.ill. Mean length ol pojMilatioii 2S..5 ± 0,' I..ir'j,e. Mean leiiglli ol popnlalion 411,.") ± (I.S
mm 111 ^ I9(ii. rangi' 13—14 mm. .Adults: mm II ^ 49S1. range 1.3-(')9 mm. Vdiilts:
Mi'an Ic'iigtli 33.7 ± 0.4 iiiiii in = S2'. Mean length tiO.ti ± 0.3 miii ui = 113).
range 2(>—13 iiiin. range .51-69 mm.
Other pol.ntiiilids picsiiil None Tcrchniliii j>(ilii\lris. TclcsC(>i>iitiii Iclcscujiiiiiii.
Ccrilliidcd hif't-lliciii
