Table Of ContentUPGRADING CLUSTERS AND SMALL
ENTERPRISES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
Ashgate Economic Geography Series
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Upgrading Clusters and
Small Enterprises in
Developing Countries
Environmental, Labor, Innovation and Social Issues
Edited by
JOSE ANTONIO PUPPIM DE OLIVEIRA
© Jose Antonio Puppim de Oliveira 2008
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval
system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,
recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the publisher.
Jose Antonio Puppim de Oliveira has asserted his moral right under the Copyright, Designs
and Patents Act, 1988, to be identified as the editor of this work.
Published by
Ashgate Publishing Limited Ashgate Publishing Company
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British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
Upgrading clusters and small enterprises : environmental,
labor, innovation and social issues. - (Ashgate economic
geography series)
1. Industrial clusters - Asia 2. Industrial clusters -
Latin America 3. Small business - Asia 4. Small business -
Latin America 5. Social responsibility of business - Asia
6. Social responsibility of business - Latin America
I. Oliveira, Jose Antonio Puppim de, 1966-
338.8’7
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Upgrading clusters and small enterprises in developing countries : environmental, labor,
innovation and social issues / [edited] by Jose Antonio Puppim de Oliveira.
p. cm. -- (Ashgate economic geography series)
Includes index.
ISBN 978-0-7546-7297-5 (hbk) 1. Industrial clusters--Developing countries. 2. Small
business--Developing countries. I. Oliveira, Jose Antonio Puppim de, 1966-
HC59.72.D5U64 2008
338.7--dc22
2008022337
ISBN 978 0 7546 7297 5
Contents
List of Figures vii
List of Tables ix
Preface and Acknowledgements xi
1 Introduction: Social Upgrading among Small Firms and Clusters 1
Jose Antonio Puppim de Oliveira
2 Seeking the High Road to Jepara: Challenges for Economic and
Social Upgrading in Indonesian Wood Furniture Clusters 23
Anne Caroline Posthuma
3 Environmental Upgrading of Industrial Clusters: Understanding their
Connections with Global Chains in the Brazilian Furniture Sector 45
Jose Antonio Puppim de Oliveira
4 Social Upgrading in Agriculture-based Clusters: Common Lessons
from Cases in Asia and Latin America 65
Octavio Damiani
5 Small Firms in the Indian Software Clusters: Building Global
Competitiveness 85
Aya Okada
6 Understanding Incentives for Clustered Firms to Control Pollution:
The Case of the Jeans Laundries in Toritama, Pernambuco, Brazil 107
Mansueto Almeida
7 Social Technology for Mobilization of Local Productive
Arrangements: A Proposal for Applicability 135
Ana Sílvia Rocha Ipiranga, Maria Vilma Coelho Moreira Faria and
Mônica Alves Amorim
8 Conclusions: Lessons from the Cases 163
Jose Antonio Puppim de Oliveira
Index 173
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List of Figures
2.1 Wood furniture value chain 33
2.2 Distribution of value-added in the wood furniture value chain—
the perspective of global buyers 34
3.1 Location of Brazilian furniture clusters 49
3.2 Level of the environmental demand from different organizations 53
3.3 Level of the environmental requirement from different markets 55
3.4 Level of the importance of different environmental-related issues 56
3.5 Level of preparedness of some kinds of environmental-related
demands 58
3.6 Perceived benefits of being in a cluster 59
3.7 Perceived obstacles to improvements in environmental quality 60
5.1 Bangalore: Software export growth 94
6.1 The plant of a laundry with the system to clean the water 122
7.1 Social mobilization technology through a cooperative approach 148
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List of Tables
1.1 Different linkages between clusters and global economy 9
2.1 Source of wood and wood type used by Central Java wood furniture
clusters in 2002 36
2.2 Distribution of number of enterprise and number of workers in
furniture clusters in Central Java, 2000 38
2.3 Summary of main opportunities and challenges of four markets for
wood furniture suppliers 41
3.1 Debates in the literatures of clusters and value chains (adapted from
Humphrey and Schmitz, 2002; Humphrey and Schmitz, 2000) 48
3.2 General data on the furniture industry in Brazil (Abimovel, 2006) 50
3.3 Main exporting states (in US$) 50
5.1 Structure of the Indian software exports industry 90
5.2 Software clusters in India: Distribution of exporting firms and recent
export performance 92
5.3 Distribution of software firms in Bangalore by size and ownership 93
5.4 Software exports by segment: Karnataka (2003/04) 95
7.1 Categories of public-private and local-global economic activities
governance 143
7.2 Composition of the Forum for Change 146
7.3 Objectives of the Innovation Laboratories 147
7.4 Forum for Change (Jaguaruana’s Hammock LPA) 151
7.5 Innovation Laboratory of Skills Development – Examples of Actions
(Jaguaruana’s Hammock LPA) 152
7.7 Innovation Laboratory for Finances – Examples of Actions
(Jaguaruana’s Hammock LPA) 153
7.6 Innovation Laboratory for Technology and Design – Examples
of Actions (Jaguaruana’s Hammock LPA) 153
7.8 Innovation Laboratory for Communication and Marketing
(Jaguaruana’s Hammock LPA) 154
7.9 Forum for Change (Nova Russas’ LPA) 156
7.10 Innovation Laboratory for Communication and Marketing (Nova
Russas’ LPA) 157
7.11 Innovation Laboratory for Technology and Design (Nova Russas’ LPA) 157
7.12 Laboratory for Skill Development (Nova Russas’ LPA) 158
