Table Of ContentCZECHOSLOVAK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
The Morphology
and Pathogenicity
of the Bladder Worms
Cysticercus cellulosae and Cysticercus bovis
CZECHOSLOVAK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
Scientific Editor Academician Otto Jirovec
Scientific Adviser Prof Dr. Josef Vanek
Language Editor Eva Kalinovti
The Morphology
and Pathogenicity
of the Bladder Wo rms
Cysticercus cellulosae and Cysticercus bovis
JAR O SLAV SLAIS
1970
Springer-Verlag ACADEMIA
Berlin Heidelberg GmbH
Pub/ishing House of the
Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, Prague
ISBN 978-90-6193-250-5 ISBN 978-94-011-6466-5 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-94-011-6466-5
© Jaroslav Slais 1970
Translation © Eva Kalinovd 1970
Soflcover reprint oft he hardcover 1st edition 1970
Contents
Introduction 7
Histological methods 11
Morphology of the egg and the oncosphere of taeniids 13
Morphogenesis of the larval stage - the cysticercus 19
1. Transformation of the oncosphere into a mother bladder 19
2. Differentiation and development of the scolex anlage 21
3. Hooks, their origin, shape and composition . . . . . . 24
Morphology of Cysticercus cellulosae and Cysticercus bovis 29
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
2. Morphogenesis of Cysticercus ce/lulosae 32
3. Morphogenesis of Cysticercus bovis . . 37
4. Morphogenesis of the other cysticerci . 38
5. Histology and histochemistry of the cysticercus . 43
6. Microscopical anatomy of the cysticercus . . . 51
a) The cysticercus bladder . . . . . . . . . . 51
b) Microscopical anatomy of the bladder wall of Cysticercus cellulosae 53
c) Microscopical anatomy of the bladder wail of Cysticercus bovis 55
d) Scolex portion of the cysticercus . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
7. Morphology of the parasite in cysticercosis of man . . . . . . . 58
8. Morphogenesis of Cysticercus cellulosae when localized in the brain 60
9. The nature of the racemose form in cerebral cysticercosis . . . . . 62
10. Morphology and origin of invaginated cysticerci with an outgrown scolex 67
11. Differences between evagination and outgrowth of the scolex . . . 70
12. Origin and microscopical anatomy of outgrown scolices . . . . . 72
13. Importance of the bladder for the development of the cysticercus . 75
Localization of Cysticercus cellulosae and Cysticercus bovis in the organs 81
Cysticercosis of livestock and man 88
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . 88
2. Distribution of Cysticercus cellulosae in swine and man throughout the world 89
3. Histological evidence of cysticerci and their remnants in the tissues 92
4. Differential diagnosis of various cysticercus species in man . . . . . . . . 94
5. Mistakes in the diagnosis of cysticercosis in pathology . . . . . . . . . 99
6. Diagnosis and research on muscle cysticercosis of cattle and on taeniarhynchosis of man 101
5
Pathogenicity of Cysticercus ce//u/osae and Cysticercus bovis . . . 105
1. Tissue reaction in muscle cysticercosis caused by Cysticercus cellu/osae 105
2. Tissue reaction in cysticercosis of the meninges and the brain tissue . 106
3. Tissue reaction in muscle cysticercosis of cattle . . . . . . . . 111
4. Importance of morphological studies in research of cysticercosis 115
Conclusions 120
Summary . 122
References . 124
Acknowledgments 137
Explanation of the plates 139
6
Introduction
The larval stage of taeniid cestodes, called the cysticercus, develops in the
intermediate host from the oncosphere. The infection caused by cysticerci is called
cysticercosis. Man is the only definitive host of two adult cestode species. One of them
is the cestode Taenia solium Linne, 1758. Its larva is called Cysticercus cellulosae
developing mostly in the muscles of swine. The other is Taeniarhynchus saginatus
Goeze, 1782 and its larva Cysticercus bovis (C. inermis) develops in the muscles of cattle.
Man can carry a cysticercus being its intermediate host, and suffer from cysticercosis.
Because cysticerci are localized in the muscles of livestock, various measures
have to be taken to prevent an infection of man with the adult cestode. These include
a very strict inspection of the carcasses at the abattoir, a special treatment of infected
meat or a certificate declaring it unfit for human consumption. The incidence of hu
man tapeworms, being still relatively high in the population, can be controlled suc
cessfully only by a comprehensive programme of eradication of muscle cysticercosis.
There is no exact information available on fundamental processes in the biology
of the cysticercus such as its development, its initial growth in the muscles, its meta
bolism, the length of its life, the reaction of the host, the possibility of spontaneous
healing. Such knowledge is not only of theoretical importance, but indispensable
for successful control of the parasites and for the serological diagnosis of cysticercosis.
The present study, based on the results of the author's tO-year-investigation,
is an attempt to solve fundamental questions of the morphology, morphogenesis,
histochemistry and pathogenicity of the two cysticerci, which are most important
for man. This comprehensive account may be used as a basis for further research
on the physiology and immunology of these parasites and for their successful control.
Our studies were based on 9 observations of cerebral cysticercosis or generalized
cysticercosis of man and on 3 observations of the racemose form of cerebral cysticerco
sis. Histological examinations were performed on 24 cysticerci from a massive cysti
cercosis of the brain leading to the sudden death of the patient. Therefore, we obtained
from this material only the younger and normal developmental stages of the parasite.
In the study of generalized cysticercosis we examined 12 parasites from the cerebellum
and the diaphragm, 13 cysticerci from the brain, the heart and the skeletal muscles.
We examined 22 morphologically well preserved parasites from a case of protracted
cysticercosis with a high incidence of parasites in the meninges and the brain. In this
7
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