The Molecular Pathogenesis of Diabetic Retinopathy - A Spectrum of Pathology Caused by the Disruption of Inner Blood-Retinal Barrier.

366 Pages·2012·15.92 MB·English

by  Byung Joo Lee, , Jeong Hun Kim

DIABETIC RETINOPATHY

Edited by Mohammad Shamsul Ola
Diabetic Retinopathy
Edited by Mohammad Shamsul Ola

Published by InTech
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Copyright © 2012 InTech
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Technical Editor Teodora Smiljanic
Cover Designer InTech Design Team

First published February, 2012
Printed in Croatia

A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com
Additional hard copies can be obtained from [email protected]

Diabetic Retinopathy, Edited by Mohammad Shamsul Ola
p. cm.
ISBN 978-953-51-0044-7

Contents

Preface IX
Part 1 Pathophysiology/Basic Research 1
Chapter 1 Cellular and Molecular Mechanism
of Diabetic Retinopathy 3
Mohammad Shamsul Ola and Mohd Imtiaz Nawaz
Chapter 2 Gluco-Oxidation of Proteins in Etiology
of Diabetic Retinopathy 31
Mohd Wajid Ali Khan, Kamalpreet Banga and Wahid Ali Khan
Chapter 3 Diabetic Retinopathy 53
Carlos César Lopes De Jesus
Chapter 4 The Molecular Pathogenesis of Diabetic Retinopathy -
A Spectrum of Pathology Caused by the Disruption of
Inner Blood-Retinal Barrier 67
Byung Joo Lee, and Jeong Hun Kim
Chapter 5 Inner Blood-Retinal Barrier Transporters:
Relevance to Diabetic Retinopathy 91
Yoshiyuki Kubo and Ken-ichi Hosoya
Chapter 6 Fibrovascular Membranes Associated with PDR:
Development of Molecular Targets by Global Gene
Expression Profiling 109
Shigeo Yoshida, Keijiro Ishikawa, Mitsuru Arima,
Ryo Asato, Yukio Sassa and Tatsuro Ishibashi
Part 2 Inflammation and Angiogenesis 123
Chapter 7 Inflammation and Diabetic Retinopathy 125
Hongbin Lü
VI Contents

Chapter 8 Immunological Risk Factors for the Development
and Progression of Diabetic Retinopathy 137
Katarzyna Zorena, Dorota Raczyńska, and Krystyna Raczyńska
Chapter 9 Inflammation and Angiogenesis
in Diabetic Retinopathy 163
Ying Yang, Ying Zhang and Yiping Li
Part 3 Clinical Aspects of Diabetic Retinopathy
and Retinal Functions 191
Chapter 10 Diabetic Macular Edema 193
Christina Antonopoulos and Manju Subramanian
Chapter 11 The Effect of Diabetes Mellitus on Retinal Function 207
Zvia Burgansky-Eliash
Chapter 12 Optical Coherence Tomography Findings
in Diabetic Macular Edema 225
Desislava Koleva-Georgieva
Chapter 13 Preventing Diabetic Retinopathy:
Red Lesions Detection in Early Stages 249
C. Mariño, J. Novo, N. Barreira and M.G. Penedo
Part 4 Emerging Treatments and Concepts
in Diabetic Retinopathy 271
Chapter 14 Treatment of Diabetic Macular Edema –
Latest Therapeutic Developments 273
Yeon Sung Moon and Na Rae Kim
Chapter 15 Prophylactic Medical Treatment
of Diabetic Retinopathy 291
Akihiro Kakehashi, Ayumi Ota, Fumihiko Toyoda,
Nozomi Kinoshita, Hiroko Yamagami, Hiroto Obata,
Takafumi Matsumoto, Junichi Tsuji, Yoh Dobashi,
Wilfred Y. Fujimoto, Masanobu Kawakami
and Yasunori Kanazawa
Chapter 16 Calcium Dobesilate in Prevention and Treatment
of Diabetic Retinopathy 305
Oldřich Farsa
Chapter 17 The Role of Sex Hormones in Diabetic Retinopathy 331
Jeffery G. Grigsby, Donald M. Allen, Richard B. Culbert,
Gerardo Escobedo, Kalpana Parvathaneni,
Brandi S. Betts and Andrew T.C. Tsin

Preface

During the past few decades great progress has been made in our understanding of
pathophysiology, management and treatment of diabetic retinopathy. However,
diabetic retinopathy still remains the leading cause of blindness among working
adults worldwide. The goal of the book is to provide an update on latest
developments in the understanding of pathophysiology of the disease, diagnosis and
recent treatments strategies for physicians, ophthalmologists, researchers and medical
students.
This book covers topics ranging from pathophysiology to clinical aspects of DR and
emerging treatments and concepts in diabetic retinopathy. The first section serves as a
description of current understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanism of
pathophysiology of diabetic retinopathy, in order to develop possible therapeutic
strategies. The second section describes general pathogenic concepts of inflammation
and angiogenesis. The third section describes clinical aspects and modern diagnostic
features. The fourth part discusses recent concepts and emerging treatment strategies
relating to the management of diabetic retinopathy. The originality and style of the
text by authors have been kept intact, although some aspects overlap in more than one
chapter which is justified by their unique approach and interpretation.
I am very grateful to all the contributors who have worked very hard to make this
book a reality. I would also like to thank staff at INTECH, especially Mr. Igor Babic,
Publishing Manager and the technical team who did a great job working together on
this book. I hope this book will provide a resource for advancing understanding, as
well as improving diagnosis and treatment strategies in the effort to help numerous
patients who suffer from DR and are threatened by visual loss.

Mohammad Shamsul Ola
Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh,
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia