Table Of ContentThe Modern Natural
Science Picture
of the World
The Modern Natural
Science Picture
of the World
By
Yurii Khapachev, Arthur Dyshekov,
Tatyana Oranova and Tatyana Shustova
The Modern Natural Science Picture of the World
By Yurii Khapachev, Arthur Dyshekov, Tatyana Oranova
and Tatyana Shustova
This book first published 2020
Cambridge Scholars Publishing
Lady Stephenson Library, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE6 2PA, UK
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Copyright © 2020 by Yurii Khapachev, Arthur Dyshekov,
Tatyana Oranova and Tatyana Shustova
All rights for this book reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced,
stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means,
electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without
the prior permission of the copyright owner.
ISBN (10): 1-5275-4611-X
ISBN (13): 978-1-5275-4611-0
This book is dedicated to the memory
of the Great Scientist and Teacher
Andrei Nikolaevich Kolmogorov
(25.04.1903–20.10.1987)
Giants thanks to which we see the scientific picture of the World “from the
height of bird flight”.
Kolmogorov – Poincaré – Gauss – Euler – Newton: only five such lives
separate us from the sources of our science.
Academician V.I. Arnold
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Preamble ..................................................................................................... x
List of Abbreviations ............................................................................... xiii
Introduction ................................................................................................ 1
Natural and humanitarian culture. Beauty ............................................ 1
Beauty in humanitarian culture ............................................................. 1
Painting and sculpture .......................................................................... 1
Architecture ......................................................................................... 4
Music ................................................................................................... 4
Poetry ................................................................................................... 5
Beauty in mathematics .......................................................................... 8
The sum of the corners of the triangle ................................................. 9
Part of not less than a whole. The set of power continuum ................ 10
Fractals ............................................................................................... 11
The most beautiful formula ................................................................ 11
Part I: The World as a Physical System
Chapter 1 .................................................................................................. 14
Discourse and intuition. Criterion of evidence. The problem of scientific
axiomatics
Chapter 2 .................................................................................................. 21
Discretion and continuity in nature. Fundamental world constants
and levels of the organization of matter
Chapter 3 .................................................................................................. 24
Conservation laws as a consequence of symmetry. Properties of space
and time
Chapter 4 .................................................................................................. 28
The space-time continuum as a consequence of a fundamental constant –
the speed of light
viii Table of Contents
Chapter 5 .................................................................................................. 35
Geometry of space-time. Gravity as a consequence of geometry
in the Einstein paradigm
Chapter 6 .................................................................................................. 43
We enter the microcosm. The Planck constant and the wave of de Broglie.
Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle. Spin
Chapter 7 .................................................................................................. 47
Four fundamental interactions: gravitational, electromagnetic, weak
and strong
Chapter 8 .................................................................................................. 51
Scenario of the evolution of the Universe
Chapter 9 .................................................................................................. 58
Macrocosm. Laws of equilibrium. Thermodynamics. The Boltzmann
constant
Chapter 10 ................................................................................................ 65
Self-organization. Dissipative structures. The Glansdorff-Prigogine
evolution criterion
Chapter 11 ................................................................................................ 75
Criterion of relative ordering of living systems. Evolution and degradation.
The main regularities of the mathematical theory of rearrangements
Part II: Chemical Systems
Chapter 12 ................................................................................................ 82
The transition state lifetime as the fundamental chemical constant
Chapter 13 ................................................................................................ 85
Catalysis, its criteria and essence. The Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction
Chapter 14 ................................................................................................ 93
Conceptual systems of chemistry
Chapter 15 ................................................................................................ 97
Chemical evolution and biogenesis
The Modern Natural Science Picture of the World ix
Part III: Living Systems
Chapter 16 .............................................................................................. 103
Biological axioms and biological constants
The zero axiom ................................................................................ 104
The first axiom ................................................................................. 105
The second axiom ............................................................................ 106
The third axiom ................................................................................ 108
The fourth axiom ............................................................................. 109
Chapter 17 .............................................................................................. 111
Digest of conceptual achievements of modern fundamental biology
The RNA world ............................................................................... 111
The possibility of inheriting acquired traits ..................................... 112
Mitochondrial Eve and Y-chromosomal Adam ............................... 113
Mirror neurons ................................................................................. 115
Altruists and Simpson's paradox ...................................................... 116
Human physical fields ...................................................................... 117
Beauty and the brain ........................................................................ 120
Chapter 18 .............................................................................................. 122
Physiological bases of vital activity. Living information systems
Chapter 19 .............................................................................................. 133
Metabolism and homeostasis
Chapter 20 .............................................................................................. 141
Adaptive, compensatory-adaptive, and pathological reactions of the body
Chapter 21 .............................................................................................. 148
Higher nervous activity and mental functions. Consciousness
Chapter 22 .............................................................................................. 160
Structure and classification of human needs
Chapter 23 .............................................................................................. 168
Psychosomatic disorders
Conclusion .............................................................................................. 179
The problem of the evolution of science
Bibliography ........................................................................................... 183
