The Middle East after Iraq's invasion of Kuwait

759 Pages·1993·1.75 MB·English

by  Robert Owen Freedman

The Middle East After Iraq's Invasion of
title:
Kuwait
author: Freedman, Robert Owen.
publisher: University Press of Florida
isbn10 | asin: 0813012147
print isbn13: 9780813012148
ebook isbn13: 9780813019543
language: English
Middle East--Politics and government-
subject
-1979-
publication date: 1993
lcc: DS63.1.M4844 1993eb
ddc: 939.4
Middle East--Politics and government-
subject:
-1979-
Page iii
The Middle East after Iraq's Invasion of Kuwait
Edited by Robert O. Freedman
University Press of Florida
GAINESVILLE / TALLAHASSEE / TAMPA / BOCA RATON
PENSACOLA / ORLANDO / MIAMI / JACKSONVILLE
Page iv
Copyright 1993 by the Board of Regents of the State of Florida
Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper ¥
All rights reserved
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
The Middle East after Iraq's invasion of Kuwait / edited by Robert O.
Freedman.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0813012147 (alk. paper). ISBN 0813012155 (pbk.:
alk. paper)
1. Middle EastPolitics and government1979 I. Freedman,
Robert Owen.
DS63.1.M4844 1993 9318252
CIP
The University Press of Florida is the scholarly publishing agency for
the State University System of Florida, comprised of Florida A & M
University, Florida Atlantic University, Florida International
University, Florida State University, University of Central Florida,
University of Florida, University of North Florida, University of
South Florida, and University of West Florida.
University Press of Florida
15 Northwest 15th Street
Gainesville, FL 32611
Page v
To my secretary,
ELISE BARON,
for her many years of dedicated service
Page vii
CONTENTS
Preface ix
Introduction 1
Robert O. Freedman
One. The Military and Political Dynamics of the Gulf War
1. The Persian Gulf War. A Political-Military Assessment 17
Bard E. O'Neill and Ilana Kass
Two. The Policy of External Powers
2. U.S. Policy toward the Middle East after Iraq's Invasion 59
of Kuwait
Robert E. Hunter
3. Moscow and the Iraqi Invasion of Kuwait 74
Robert O. Freedman
4. Fire on the Other Side of the River: Japan and the 137
Persian Gulf War
Eugene Brown
Three. The Gulf Region
5. Iraq after Its Invasion of Kuwait 167
Laurie Mylroie
6. Iran from the August 1988 Cease-fire to the April 1992 183
Majlis Election
Shireen T. Hunter
7. Saudi Arabia: Desert Storm and After 207
F. Gregory Gause, III

Page viii
Four. The Eastern Mediterranean
8. Israel, the Gulf War, and Its Aftermath 237
Marvin Feuerwerger
9. The Palestinians and the Iraqi Invasion of Kuwait 253
Helena Cobban
10. Syria since 1988: From Crisis to Opportunity 276
Alasdair Drysdale
11. Jordanian Policy from the Intifada to the Madrid Peace297
Conference
Adam Garfinkle
12. Unipolarity and Egyptian Hegemony in the Middle 335
East
Louis Cantori
Contributors 359
Bibliography 361
Index 369
Page ix
PREFACE
The Middle East has long been one of the most volatile regions on the
globe. Wars, coups d'état, rapid shifts in alliances and alignments,
numerous intra-Arab, intrastate, and regional conflicts, and constant
intervention by the superpowers have wracked the region since the
first Arab-Israeli war in 1948. In an effort to increase public
understanding of this complex region, the Center for the Study of
Israel and the Contemporary Middle East of Baltimore Hebrew
University was founded in 1977 and has held a series of conferences
bringing together Middle Eastern specialists from various perspectives
to analyze and discuss the region.
The first conference, held in 1978, examined the impact of the Arab-
Israeli conflict on the Middle East, and the papers were later published
as World Politics and the Arab-Israeli Conflict, edited by Robert O.
Freedman (New York: Pergamon, 1979). The second conference, held
in 1979 (two years into the administration of Israeli Prime Minister
Menachem Begin), made a preliminary analysis of the dynamics of
the Begin regime. Following the Israeli election of 1981, the papers
were updated and published as Israel in the Begin Era, edited by
Robert O. Freedman (New York: Praeger, 1982). The third
conference, which took place in 1982, dealt with Middle Eastern
developments in the period between the Camp David agreements of
1978 and the Israeli invasion of Lebanon in 1982. These papers were
published as The Middle East since Camp David, edited by Robert O.
Freedman (Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1984). Just as the
Camp David agreements marked a major turning point in the Middle
East, so too did the Israeli invasion of Lebanon. For this reason, three
years after the invasion, a fourth conference was held at Baltimore
Hebrew University to analyze the impact of the invasion on the
Middle East. The papers were published as The Middle East after the
Israeli Invasion of Lebanon, edited by Robert O. Freedman (Syracuse:
Syracuse University Press, 1986). The Iran-Contra affair was yet
another key event in Middle East politics with major ramifications
throughout the region, and a fifth conference was held at Baltimore
Hebrew University in 1988 to assess its impact on the course of
Middle East history. The conference papers were published as The
Middle East from the Iran-Contra Affair to the Intifada, edited by
Robert O. Freedman (Syracuse:
Page x
Syracuse University Press, 1991). In December 1989, with the
Intifada (Palestinian uprising) entering its third year, a conference was
held to analyze its impact. The papers presented at that conference
were published as The Intifada: Its Impact on Israel, the Arab World,
and the Superpowers, edited by Robert O. Freedman (Miami: Florida
International University Press, 1991).
The Iraqi invasion of Kuwait, which took place in August 1990, was
another seminal event in Middle Eastern affairs, and 15 months after
the invasion, in November 1991, with the Madrid Arab-Israeli peace
talks having just begun, a conference was held at Baltimore Hebrew
University to assess the impact of the Iraqi invasion and the Gulf War
which followed it. This book, the seventh in our series on the Middle
East, is the outgrowth of that conference.
Many individuals and institutions should be thanked for their help in
making possible both the conference and the book that emerged from
it. First and foremost, generous grants from Baltimore Hebrew
University, the Baltimore Jewish Council, and the Jack Pearlstone
Institute for Living Judaism provided the financial support for the
conference. The president of Baltimore Hebrew University, Leivy
Smolar, has been a strong supporter of the Center for Israel and the
Contemporary Middle East, and I would like to offer him special
thanks. Second, assistance was provided by the Baltimore Jewish
Council, which cosponsored the conference. Third, the director of
Baltimore Hebrew University's library, Arthur Lesley, and his staff
assistant, Jeanette Katcoff, provided special assistance in expediting
publication of the book, as did Rosa Zumer, my administrative
assistant, who has helped to maintain the center's research files on the
Middle East. Finally, special thanks are also due to my secretary, Elise
Baron, who typed the manuscript while also maintaining the Graduate
Office of Baltimore Hebrew University in an exemplary manner.