Table Of ContentCell and Developmental Biology
of the Eye
Cell and Developmental Biology
of the Eye
Series Editors
Joel B. Sheffield and S. Robert Hilfer
Ocular Size and Shape: Regulation During Development
Cellular Communication During Ocular Development
Molecular and Cellular Basis of Visual Acuity
Heredity and Visual Development
The Microenvironment and Vision
The Proceedings of the Philadelphia Symposia on Ocular
and Visual Development
The MicroenvironIllent
and Vision
Edited by
Joel B. Sheffield
S. Robert Hilfer
With 60 Figures
Springer-Verlag
New York Berlin Heidelberg
London Paris Tokyo
Joel B. Sheffield
S. Robert Hilfer
Department of Biology
Temple University
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, U.S.A.
On the cover: New capillary formation. See page 30
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
The microenvironment and vision.
(Cell and developmental biology of the eye)
Based on the 10th Symposium on Ocular and
Visual Development, held Oct. 1985 in Philadelphia.
Includes bibliographies and index.
I. Eye-Congresses. 2. Extracellular matrix
Congresses. 3. Eye-Growth-Congresses. 4. Eye
Diseases and defects-Etiology-Congresses.
I. Sheffield, Joel B. II. Hilfer, S. Robert.
III. Symposium on Ocular and Visual Development
(lOth: 1985 : Philadelphia, Pa.) IV. Series.
[DNLM: I. Environment-congresses. 2. EnVironmental
Exposure-congresses. 3. Eye-metabolism----congresses.
4. Eye Diseases-etiology-congresses. 5. Vision
physiology----congresses. W3 SY5363 10th 1985m /
WW 103 M626 1985]
QP474.M53 1987 612'.84 87-9552
©1987 by Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written
permission of the publisher (Springer-Verlag, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10010, USA),
except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any
form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or
dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden.
The use of general descriptive names, trade names, trademarks, etc. in this publication, even if the
former are not especially identified, is not to be taken as a sign that such names, as understood by
the Trade Marks and Merchandise Marks Act, may accordingly be used freely by anyone.
While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of going
to press, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for
any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with
respect to the material contained herein. Permission to photocopy for internal or personal use, or the
internal or personal use of specific clients, is granted by Springer-Verlag, New York Inc. for libraries
and other users registered with the Copyright Clearance Center (Ccq, provided that the base fee of
$0.00 per copy, plus $0.20 per page is paid directly to CCC, 21 Congress Street, Salem, MA 01970,
USA. Special requests should be addressed directly to Springer-Verlag New York, 175 Fifth Avenue,
New York, NY 10010 U.S.A. 95640-8/87 $0.00 + .20
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1987
9 8 765 4 3 2 I
ISBN-13: 978-1-4612-9154-1 e-ISBN- 13:978-1-4612-4784-5
001: 10.1007/978-1-4612-4784-5
Series Preface
The eye has fascinated scientists from the earliest days of biological in
vestigation. The diversity of its parts and the precision of their interaction
make it a favorite model system for a variety of developmental studies.
The eye is a particularly valuable experimental system not only because
its tissues provide examples of fundamental processes, but also because
it is a prominent and easily accessible structure at very early embryonic
ages.
In order to provide an open forum for investigators working on all aspects
of ocular development, a series of symposia on ocular and visual devel
opment was initiated in 1973. A major objective of the symposia has been
to foster communication between the basic research worker and the clinical
community. It is our feeling that much can be learned on both sides from
this interaction. The idea for an informal meeting allowing maximum ex
change of ideas originated with Dr. Leon Candeub, who supplied the nec
essary driving force that made the series a reality. Each symposium has
concentrated on a different aspect of ocular development. Speakers have
been selected to approach related topics from different perspectives.
This book series, "Cell and Developmental Biology of the Eye," is derived
from the Philadelphia symposia on ocular and visual development. Pre
vious volumes are listed on the series page. We hope that the introduction
of this proceedings series will make the results of research on ocular cell
and developmental biology more widely known and more easily accessible.
Preface
The 10th Symposium on Ocular and Visual Development was held in
October 1985 to explore current knowledge on the molecular composition
of the matrix surrounding the cells of the ocular system. The environment
surrounding the cornea, lens, and retina is of particular importance for
normal function, and many degenerative diseases, such as cataract and
retinal degeneration, result from failure of normal metabolic processes.
In addition, environmental factors such as light and diet have been dem
onstrated to influence cellular metabolism and lead to ocular injury. The
papers in this volume consider different aspects of the microenvironment
and its role in ocular metabolism. These range from the ordered con
struction of the cornea and the factors stimulating vascularization to the
effects of light and oxidative damage and therapeutic use of vitamin E.
These subjects are treated from various perspectives, including the gen
eration of free radicals and other damaging oxygen species, measurement
of the effects of various agents, and clinical assessment of therapy. This
multidisciplinary approach allows the reader to understand the complex
nature of the problem and to form his or her own judgments.
We are indebted to our colleagues, Dr. L. Andrews and Dr. P. Dayhaw
Barker of the Pennsylvania College of Optometry, for their expertise and
assistance in the organization of the meeting, to the speakers for their
presentations and contributions to this volume, and to the reviewers of
the manuscripts for their helpful comments.
This symposium could not have been held without the generous sup
port of the Temple University College of Arts and Sciences and the
Pennsylvania College of Optometry. We also thank Hoffmann-La Roche,
Inc. and the Rae S. Uber Foundation for their support. This volume was
prepared with the skillful assistance of Mai Tran, to whom we are in
debted.
Joel B. Sheffield
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania S. Robert Hilfer
Contents
Series Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. v
Preface
Joel B. Sheffield and S. Robert Hilfer ................................... vii
Contributors ................................................................ xi
Fibrils, Fibonacci, and Fractals: Searching for Rules and Rulers of
Morphogenesis in the Orthogonal Stroma of the Chick Cornea
Robert 1. Trelstad, Masando Hayashi, Kimiko Hayashi, and
David E. Birk ............................................................... 1
The Role of Matrix Components in the Control of Vascularization
Patricia A. D'Amore, Alicia Orlidge, and Jeffrey Jacobs .............. 29
Elucidation of the Visual Cycle by Study of Two Retinoid-Binding
Proteins
John C. Saari, Ann H. Bunt-Milam, and Vinod Gaur ................ , 55
Roles of Intra- and Extracellular Retinoid-Binding Proteins in the
Visual Cycle
C. D. B. Bridges ........................................................... 79
Vitamin A and Lipofuscin
W. Gerald Robison, Jr. and Martin 1. Katz ............................. 95
Reactive Oxygen Species-Toxicity, Metabolism, and Reactions
in the Eye
Barbara Buckley and Bruce Freeman ....................... , .......... 123
x Contents
Light Damage
William T. Ham, Jr., Harold A. Mueller, and R. Kennon Guerry ... 141
Studies on Biochemical Mechanisms of Retinal Degeneration
Robert E. Anderson, Rex D. Wiegand, Laurence M. Rapp,
Maureen B. Maude, Muna I. Naash, and John S. Penn .............. 159
Environmental Factors in Cataractogenesis in ReS Rats
Helen H. Hess, J. S. Zigler, Jr., T. 1. O'Keefe, and J. J. Knapka ..... 169
Current Status of Vitamin E in Retinopathy of Prematurity
Neil Finer ................................................................. 195
Epidemiology of Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Leslie Hyman ............................................................. 221
Index ...................................................................... 241
Contributors
Robert E. Anderson, Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine,
Houston, Texas 77030, U.S.A.
David E. Birk, Department of Pathology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical
School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Piscataway,
New Jersey 08854, U.S.A.
C. D. B. Bridges, Cullen Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology,
Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, U.S.A.
Barbara Buckley, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical
Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, U.S.A.
Ann H. Bunt-Milam, Department of Ophthalmology, University of
Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195, U.S.A.
Patricia A. D'Amore, Departments of Surgical Research and Pathology,
The Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massa
chusetts 02115, U.S.A.
Neil Finer, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton,
Alberta, Canada.
Bruce Freeman, Departments of Anesthesiology and Biochemistry, The
University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294,
U.S.A.
Vinod Gaur, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington
School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195, U.S.A.
xii Contributors
R. Kennon Guerry, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth
University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, U.S.A.
William T. Ham, Jr., Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth
University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, U.S.A.
Kimiko Hayashi, Department of Pathology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical
School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Piscataway,
New Jersey 08854, U.S.A.
Masando Hayashi, Department of Pathology, Robert Wood Johnson Med
ical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Pis
cataway, New Jersey 08854, U.S.A.
Helen H. Hess, Office of the Scientific Director, National Eye Institute,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, U.S.A.
Leslie Hyman, Division of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, State Uni
versity of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794-0836,
U.S.A.
Jeffrey Jacobs, Departments of Surgical Research and Pathology, The
Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
02115, U.S.A.
Martin L. Katz, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Be
thesda, Maryland 20892, U.S.A.
J. J. Knapka, Veterinary Resources Branch, Division of Research Services,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, U.S.A.
Maureen B. Maude, Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine,
Houston, Texas 77030, U.S.A.
Harold A. Mueller, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth
University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, U.S.A.
Muna I. Naash, Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston,
Texas 77030, U.S.A.
T. L. O'Keefe, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of
Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, Lafayette, Indiana 47907, U.S.A.
