The Master Plan Study on Aquaculture Development in Malawi Working Papers National ...

272 Pages·2005·3.02 MB·English

No. 1

Japan International Cooperation Agency

Republic of Malawi
Ministry of Mines, Natural Resources and Environment
Department of Fisheries

The Master Plan Study on
Aquaculture Development in Malawi

Working Papers

National Aquaculture Strategic Plan (NASP) 2006-2015

July 2005

SSC System Science Consultants Inc. Tokyo Japan

RD
JR
05-38
Japan International Cooperation Agency

Republic of Malawi
Ministry of Mines, Natural Resources and Environment
Department of Fisheries

The Master Plan Study on
Aquaculture Development in Malawi

Working Papers

National Aquaculture Strategic Plan (NASP) 2006-2015

July 2005

SSC System Science Consultants Inc. Tokyo Japan
Master Plan Study Outputs
The outputs of “the Master Plan Study on Aquaculture Development in Malawi” consists of the
following,

1. Summary (Japanese version)

2. Main Report -National Aquaculture Strategic Plan (NASP) 2006-2015-

3. ADiM Working papers

4. Aquaculture database (CD1 and 2)

5. NASP profile

6. Photograph collection
E 34 C
Mediterranean Sea
MOROCCO
ALGERIA LIBYA
EGYPT
SAUDIARABI
MAURITANIA
MALI NIGER
CHAD
GUINEA NIGERIA
CENTRAL A
AFRICAN
Equator KENYA
D.R.C
TANZANIA
ANGOLA
Atlantic Ocean NAMIBIBAOZTASMWZBAIIMANBAAMBOWZEAMBIQ MADAGASCAR Chitipa Karonga
REPUBLIC OF MALAWI
REP.OF
SOUTH Indian Ocean Lake NORTHERN REGION
Malawi
Rumphi
Nkhata Bay
Mzimba
S 13 C
Kasungu Dwanga R
Nkhotakota
Ntchisi
Dowa
Salima
Mchinji
CENTRAL REGION gochi
Lilongwe
Lake
Dedza Malombe
Ntcheu S 15 C
Machinga
Balaka
Lake
Mwanza Chirwa
Zomba
Blantyre
Chiradzulu Phalombe
Remarks
Mulanje
: International Boundary
Chikwawa
: Regional Boundary
Thyolo
: District Boundary
: River
Nsanje
: Man road
: Capital SOUTHERN REGION
: Major City/Town
Shire River
0 200km
MAP OF MALAWI
Master Plan Study on Aquaculture Development in Malawi
ADiM Working Paper

Contents

Master Plan Study Outputs
Map of Malawi
Currency
Currency Equivalents
Fiscal Year of Malawi
Abbreviations and Acronyms

I INTRODUCTION

II ADiM WORKING PAPERS
ADiM Working Paper 1 Capture Fisheries in Malawi and Their Contribution to
National Fish Supply
1. Introduction...........................................................................................................................1-1
2. Main capture fisheries areas and yields................................................................................1-5
3. National fish supply and overall potential..........................................................................1-29
4. Status of Malawi’s fisheries and research priorities............................................................1-33
5. Reservations and small rivers.............................................................................................1-36
6. Imports and aquaculture......................................................................................................1-36
7. Conclusion..........................................................................................................................1-37

ADiM Working Paper 2 Situation Analysis of Aquaculture in Malawi
1. Introduction...........................................................................................................................2-1
2. Fisheries and aquaculture policy...........................................................................................2-1
3. History of aquaculture in Malawi.........................................................................................2-4
4. Objectives and achievements of past and present aquaculture projects................................2-6
5. Aquaculture in Malawi........................................................................................................2-11
6. The impact of research on aquaculture development..........................................................2-25
7. Considerations on the introduction of exotic species..........................................................2-26
8. The potential for commercial and enhanced small-holder aquaculture..............................2-29
9. Considerations on the future of aquaculture extension .....................................................2-31
10. Lessons learnt from the past ...........................................................................................2-32
11. Conclusions.......................................................................................................................2-34

ADiM Working Paper 3 National Socio-Economic Survey Report (2003)
1. Introduction...........................................................................................................................3-1
2. Methods................................................................................................................................3-2
3. Results................................................................................................................................3-12
4. Discussion...........................................................................................................................3-48

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ADiM Working Paper 4 Socio-economic Survey on Fish Farmer’s Club in
Chingale, Zomba
1. Introduction...........................................................................................................................4-1
2. Methodologies......................................................................................................................4-3
3. Results..................................................................................................................................4-5
4. Discussion...........................................................................................................................4-17
5. Conclusion..........................................................................................................................4-19

ADiM Working Paper 5 Evaluation of Two Farmer’s Approaches for Aquaculture
Development in Malawi
1. Background...........................................................................................................................5-1
2. Pilot project Component 1 “Innovative Farmers Approach”................................................5-1
3. Pilot project Component 2 “Farmers’ Club Approach”......................................................5-17
4. Application of Two Approaches to NASP..........................................................................5-27

ADiM Working Paper 6 Commercial Aquaculture Development
-Its Potential and Risk-
I. COMMERCIAL AQUACULTURE DEVELOPMENT
1. Background...........................................................................................................................6-1
2. Introduction...........................................................................................................................6-1
3. Development of aquaculture in Malawi................................................................................6-4
4. Opportunity and limiting factors of commercial aquaculture.............................................6-11
5. What approach to take for commercial aquaculture...........................................................6-15
II. RISK ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT
1. Introduction of alien species and risk management in Malawi...........................................6-21
2. Precautionary approach to use of exotic fish species..........................................................6-27
3. Risk assessment..................................................................................................................6-31
III. RECOMMENDATIONS TO MASTER PLAN

ADiM Working Paper 7 Literature Review on Research and Development of
Oreochromis Mossambicus
1. Introduction...........................................................................................................................7-1
2. Why the Tilapias...................................................................................................................7-1
3. History of Mozambique Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus).............................................7-2
4. Aquaculture of Oreochromis mossambicus in Southern Africa............................................7-3
5. Suitable fish species for aquaculture in Malawi...................................................................7-3
6. Review of information on Oreochromis mossambicus.........................................................7-5
7. Bibliography on Oreochromis mossambicus (WorldFish Center)........................................7-8

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Currency
Malawi kwacha = MK

Currency Equivalent
USD 1.00 = MK 113.00 (April, 2005)
MK 1.00 = USD 0.00885 (April, 2005)
Source: OANDA ( 2005)

Fiscal Year of Malawi
July 1 - June 30
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Master Plan Study on Aquaculture Development in Malawi
ADiM Working Paper

Abbreviations and Acronyms
ADB African Development Bank
ADiM Master Plan Study on Aquaculture Development in Malawi
ARTDMIS Project on Aquaculture Research and Technical Development of Malawian
Indigenous Species (JICA)
CAS Catch Assessment Survey
CNRFFP Central and Northern Region Fish Farming Project
CPUE Catch Per Effort Unit
DA District Assembly
DANIDA Danish International Development Agency
DEC District Executive Committee
DFID Department for International Development, U.K.
DoF Department of Fisheries
EIA Environmental Impact Assessment
EPA Extension Planning Area
EU European Union
FAO United Nation Food and Agriculture Organization
FCR Food Conversion Ratio
FRU Fisheries Research Unit
GDP Gross Domestic Product
GNI Gross National Income
GTZ Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit
HIPC Highly Indebted Poor Countries
HIV/AIDS Human Immunodeficiency Virus/ Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
ICEDA Icelandic International Development Agency
ICLARM International Centre for Living Aquatic Resource Management (WorldFish Center)
IFAD International Fund for Agricultural Development
IFFNT Innovative Fish Farmer Network Trust
JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency
MAGFAD Malawi-German Fisheries and Aquaculture Development Project
MASAF Malawi Social Action Fund
MAIFS Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation, and Food Security
MMNRE Ministry of Mines, Natural Resources and Environment
MSY Maximum Sustainable Yield
mt metric tonnes
MTF Malawi Traditional Fisheries
MPRSP Malawi Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper
NAC National Aquaculture Centre
NARMAP National Aquatic Resource Management Programme
NASP National Aquaculture Strategic Plan
NGO Non-governmental Organization
NORAD Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation
NSO National Statistics Office
ODA Official Development Aid / Assistance
ODA (UK) Overseas Development Agency, U.K.
SIDA Swedish International Development Agency
S/W Scope of Work
TOR Terms of Reference
UNDP United Nations Development Programme
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I INTRODUCTION

The data book consists of seven project papers. Each paper presents data and information that
supports the main report in various ways.
The content of each paper is described below.

1. Capture Fisheries in Malawi and Their Contribution to National Fish Supply
The first paper presents the current situation of capture fisheries in Malawi. The work was done
in collaboration with the Department of Fisheries. It gives us an insight of overall fisheries
situation by assessing historical trends in capture fishery and attempting to predict the contribution
of the sector to the overall fish supply in Malawi by the year 2025. The paper has helped the
JICA ADiM Study Team to re-identifies the role of aquaculture within the fisheries sector.

2. Situation Analysis of Aquaculture in Malawi
The second paper analyses the situation of aquaculture. The work was done in collaboration
with the Department of Fisheries. The paper identifies challenges and potentials for aquaculture
development in Malawi which helped the JICA ADiM Study Team to generate the first draft idea
for the NASP.

3. National Fish Farmer’s Socio Economic Survey Report (2003)
The third paper presents the data obtained from the national socio-economic survey on
aquaculture the JICA ADiM Study Team had carried out with assistance by the Department of
Fisheries in 2003. The survey is the first national survey implemented in Malawi on aquaculture.
It has contributed in providing precious information for stakeholders to understand the overall
aquaculture situation in Malawi as of 2003. The data was analysed and used by the JICA ADiM
Study Team to generate the first draft idea for the NASP together with Working Paper No. 2.

4. Socio-economic Survey on Fish Farmer’s Club in Chingale, Zomba
The fourth paper presents data obtained from the socio-economic survey on fish farmers’ club in
Chingale area in Zomba District. After the formulation of the first draft idea of NASP, the JICA
ADiM Study Team had implemented the Pilot Project to verify the proposed idea. One of the
components of the Pilot Project sought potentiality of the farmers’ club in aquaculture
development. In its implementation, the socio-economic survey was carried out aiming at
verification of the feasibility of the Pilot Project which is discussed in the Project Working Paper 5.
At the same, the data itself provides precious information for understanding socio-economic
situation of rural farmers in Malawi. This paper puts more focus on explaining the
socio-economic situation of farmers as to provide a bench mark for future research or projects
targeting rural farmers in Malawi.

5. Evaluation of Two Farmer’s Approaches for Aquaculture Development in Malawi
The fifth paper discusses and evaluates two farmer’s approaches for aquaculture development in
Malawi. The Pilot Project, aiming at the verification of the proposed NASP, was composed of
two components. The first component seeks potentiality of so-called ‘innovative’ farmers in
aquaculture development. The other component seeks potentiality of farmers’ club, a group of
subsistence farmers, in aquaculture development. The paper was prepared after 15 months of the
Pilot Project implementation. It discusses how two approaches can be incorporated into the
proposed NASP.

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6. Commercial Aquaculture Development
The sixth paper discusses on the commercial aquaculture in Malawi. Almost all aquaculture
projects implemented in Malawi have targeted subsistence farmers, aquaculture as a mean to
alleviate the poverty. However, for its development, we should not put aside a thought of
aquaculture as a business. The paper seeks potentials and challenges of commercial aquaculture
development in Malawi.

7. Literature Review on Research and Development of Oreochromis mossambicus
The last paper reviews the data and information available on Oreochromis mossambicus. This
review is undertaken in line with the recommendation at the regional workshop in Malawi in
August 2004 to look into the possibility of using Mozambique tilapia in fish farming. In Malawi,
exotic fish species are not allowed in fish farming because of the policy on diversification.
However, people are still seeking better species on aquaculture in Malawi. Oreochromis
mossambicus, being indigenous in Malawi, yet not widely utilised due to its geographical
distribution limited to lower Shire, was therefore studied in this paper.

We are hoping data and information provided by this data book will be referred and utilised by
various actors involved in the development in not only Malawi but other sub-Saharan African
countries.

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