Table Of ContentPalgrave Studies in European Union Politics
Edited by: Michelle Egan, American University, USA, Neill Nugent, Visiting Professor,
College of Europe, Bruges, and Honorary Professor, University of Salford, UK, and
William Paterson OBE, University of Aston, UK.
Editorial Board: Christopher Hill, Cambridge, UK, Simon Hix, London School of
Economics, UK, Mark Pollack, Temple University, USA, Kalypso Nicolaïdis, Oxford
UK, Morten Egeberg, University of Oslo, Norway, Amy Verdun, University of Victoria,
Canada, Claudio M. Radaelli, University of Exeter, UK, and Frank Schimmelfennig,
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Switzerland
Following on the sustained success of the acclaimed European Union Series, which essen-
tially publishes research-based textbooks, Palgrave Studies in European Union Politics
publishes cutting edge research-driven monographs.
The remit of the series is broadly defined, both in terms of subject and academic disci-
pline. All topics of significance concerning the nature and operation of the European
Union potentially fall within the scope of the series. The series is multidisciplinary to
reflect the growing importance of the EU as a political, economic, and social
phenomenon.
Titles include:
Carolyn Ban
MANAGEMENT AND CULTURE IN AN ENLARGED EUROPEAN COMMISSION
From Diversity to Unity?
Gijs Jan Brandsma
CONTROLLING COMITOLOGY
Accountability in a Multi-Level System
Edoardo Bressanelli
EUROPARTIES AFTER ENLARGEMENT
Organization, Ideology and Competition
Ramona Coman, Thomas Kostera and Luca Tomini (editors)
EUROPEANIZATION AND EUROPEAN INTEGRATION
From Incremental to Structural Change
Véronique Dimier
THE INVENTION OF A EUROPEAN DEVELOPMENT AID BUREAUCRACY
Recycling Empire
Helene Dyrhauge
EU RAILWAY POLICY-MAKING
On Track?
Theofanis Exadaktylos and Claudio M. Radaelli (editors)
RESEARCH DESIGN IN EUROPEAN STUDIES
Establishing Causality in Europeanization
Jack Hayward and Rüdiger Wurzel (editors)
EUROPEAN DISUNION
Between Sovereignty and Solidarity
Wolfram Kaiser and Jan-Henrik Meyer (editors)
SOCIETAL ACTORS IN EUROPEAN INTEGRATION
Christian Kaunert and Sarah Leonard (editors)
EUROPEAN SECURITY, TERRORISM AND INTELLIGENCE
Tackling New Security Challenges in Europe
Christian Kaunert and Kamil Zwolski
The EU AS A GLOBAL SECURITY ACTOR
A Comprehensive Analysis beyond CFSP and JHA
Marina Kolb
THE EUROPEAN UNION AND THE COUNCIL OF EUROPE
Finn Laursen (editor)
DESIGNING THE EUROPEAN UNION
From Paris to Lisbon
Dimitris Papadimitriou and Paul Copeland (editors)
THE EU’s LISBON STRATEGY
Evaluating Success, Understanding Failure
David Phinnemore
THE TREATY OF LISBON
Origins and Negotiation
Claudia Sternberg
THE STRUGGLE FOR EU LEGITIMACY
Public Contestation, 1950–2005
Yves Tiberghien (editor)
LEADERSHIP IN GLOBAL INSTITUTION BUILDING
Minerva’s Rule
Liubomir K. Topaloff
POLITICAL PARTIES AND EUROSCEPTICISM
Amy Verdun and Alfred Tovias (editors)
MAPPING EUROPEAN ECONOMIC INEGRATION
Richard G. Whitman and Stefan Wolff (editors)
THE EUROPEAN NEIGHBOURHOOD POLICY IN PERSPECTIVE
Context, Implementation and Impact
Sarah Wolff
THE MEDITERRANEAN DIMENSION OF THE EUROPEAN UNION’S INTERNAL
SECURITY
Jan Wouters, Hans Bruyninckx, Sudeshna Basu and Simon Schunz (editors)
THE EUROPEAN UNION AND MULTILATERAL GOVERNANCE
Assessing EU Participation in United Nations Human Rights and Environmental Fora
Ozge Zihnioglu
EUROPEAN UNION CIVIL SOCIETY POLICY AND TURKEY
A Bridge Too Far?
Palgrave Studies in European Union Politics
Series Standing Order ISBN 978–1–4039–9511–7 (hardback)
and ISBN 978–1–4039–9512–4 (paperback)
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The Maritime Dimension
of European Security
Seapower and the European Union
Basil Germond
University of Lancaster, UK
© Basil Germond 2015
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2015 978-1-137-01780-2
All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this
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First published 2015 by
PALGRAVE MACMILLAN
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DOI 10.1057/9781137017819
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To Bryony
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Contents
List of Figures and Tables viii
Preface ix
List of Acronyms xi
Introduction 1
1 Seapower and International Relations 5
2 The (Critical) Geopolitics of Seapower 19
3 Naval Forces as Vectors of Seapower 33
4 Beyond National Security – Maritime Power and
Forces Projection 51
5 Maritime Security and Safety – Securing, Policing,
and Protecting the Seas 73
6 The Elements of the EU’s Seapower 91
7 The Naval and Maritime Dimension of the EU 105
8 The EU’s Geopolitical Discourse 127
9 The EU’s Maritime Frontier: The Concept 143
10 The EU’s Maritime Frontier: The Practice 153
Conclusion: The Future of the EU’s Seapower: Cruising
the Seven Seas? 191
Notes 197
Bibliography 199
Index 219
List of Figures and Tables
Figures
3.1 Trinity of naval functions 40
3.2 Military subfunctions 41
3.3 Naval strategy as a method 47
4.1 Evolution of the security index and the projection of security 53
5.1 Three components of maritime security 89
6.1 The geographical extent of the EU’s maritime
and land borders 92
6.2 SLOCs most relevant to the EU 93
6.3 EU member states’ main overseas naval bases and
foreign-hosted facilities 96
8.1 The EU’s projection strategy 139
8.2 The EU’s concentric geopolitics 140
9.1 The EU’s exercise of power via its maritime margins 150
10.1 The EU and the ‘global maritime frontier’ 188
C.1 Maritime security and sustainable development 194
Tables
1.1 The post-Cold War security matrix 13
1.2 The maritime dimension of security and its
four components 15
2.1 Geographical factors influencing seapower 20
2.2 Maritime geopolitics subdiscourses 28
4.1 Maritime projection operations 58
6.1 EU–US–China naval assets: quantitative comparison – 2014 95
9.1 The role and security value of the EU’s borders and frontiers 148
viii
Preface
Eight years ago I was invited by Professor Anne Deighton to present
a paper at a conference hosted by the European Union Institute for
Security Studies, whose objective was to assess the EU’s global security
actorness. My paper, titled ‘The Naval and Maritime Dimension of the
European Union’, discussed the importance of seapower for the Union’s
security and defence policy. It is fair to say that at the time I was prob-
ably the first ever scholar to discuss such a topic; indeed, the Council
of the EU had barely mentioned the possible use of naval components
during European Security and Defence Policy (now CSDP) opera-
tions. My paper was nonetheless well received and I continued on
this research path. The subject attracted attention in 2008 when the
Council of the EU launched counter-piracy operation Atalanta at the
Horn of Africa, which prompted me, in May 2009, to present a paper at
the University of Cambridge advocating the need for the EU to define a
proper Maritime Security Strategy. This was probably the first time that
concrete elements for an EU Maritime Security Strategy were discussed
in detail.
At the time of writing, the Union has become a rather well-established
naval and maritime actor, carrying out counter-piracy and maritime
capacity-building operations and actively dealing with maritime safety,
fisheries protection, port security, maritime surveillance, and counter-
immigration at sea. Its policies, mechanisms and activities related to
the maritime domain are now backed by a Maritime Security Strategy,
which was eventually adopted by the Council in June 2014. In an age of
uncertainties influenced by information technologies and the network-
ing of societies, the maritime domain remains the main global lane of
communication, which is vital for trade and security. The EU is thus at
a crossroads; it has the necessary strategy and mechanisms to become
a global maritime security actor (or even a sea Power), but the deci-
sion remains in the hands of member states. Will they devote enough
resources to enable Europe to act as a true global maritime power? Will
they seize the opportunity the EU offers to pool resources, which is the
only way for Europe to remain in a position to influence the destiny of
the global maritime domain?
ix
