Table Of ContentM
GrAhAMA.Loudis Professor of Medieval history “A hugely interesting set of essays, reflecting on a edieval history is present in many forms
at the university of Leeds. variety of ways in which medieval history has in our world. Monuments from the
T
MArtIAL StAubis Professor of Medieval history at the Middle Ages or inspired by them are a
developed to the present time. Scholarship of the H
university of Sheffield. familiar feature of landscapes across Europe and
highest standard, deeply thought-provoking and E
beyond; the period between the end of the roman
contrIbutorS:christine caldwell Ames, deeply engaged with the inheritances and future M Empire in Western Europe and the reformation
Peter biller, Michael borgolte, Patrick Geary, tasks of medieval academic history. the collection A and European expansion is an essential part of our
richard hitchcock, bernhard Jussen, Joep Leerssen, will be essential reading for all medievalists.” K imagination, be it conveyed through literature, the
G.A. Loud, christian Lübke, Jinty nelson, bastian IN arts, science fiction or even video games; it is also
Schlüter, Martial Staub, Ian Wood. John ArnoLd, ProfESSor of MEdIEvAL hIStory, G commonly invoked in political debates. Specialists
unIvErSIty of cAMbrIdGE
in the field have played a major role in shaping
front cover: The coronation of Charlemagneby friedrich August O
modern perceptions of the era. but little is known
von Kaulbach (1850–1920), Stiftung Maximilianeum, Munich. F
Photo © von der Mülbe – ArtothEK. about the factors that have influenced them and
M
If we do not study the Middle Ages, and try their work.
E the essays in this volume provide original
to understand and explain it in as unbiased
D
insights into the fabric and dissemination of
a way as we can, then we leave the field open to I
E medieval history as a scholarly discipline from the
those who abuse and exploit the past to justify V late eighteenth century onwards. the case-studies
A range from the creation of specific images of the
modern injustice. [...] Medieval history is a L
Middle Ages to the ways in which medievalists
thriving and dynamic discipline. If through this H have dealt with European identity, contributed to
book we can reveal something of the richness, I making and deconstructing myths and, more
S specifically, addressed questions relating to land
T
diversity and dynamism of how historians have
O and frontiers as well as to religion.
interpreted, and continue to reinterpret, the R
Y
Middle Ages, and through this enthuse a new
generation of medievalists, then we shall have
succeeded in what we have envisaged.
L
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ExtrAct froM thE IntroductIon
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MEDIEVAL HISTORY
Edited by GRAHAM A. LOUD
An imprint of Boydell & Brewer Ltd
PO Box 9, Woodbridge IP12 3DF (GB) and yorK and MARTIAL STAUB
668 Mt Hope Ave, Rochester NY 14620–2731 (US) MEdIEvAL
PrESS
A PAPERBACK ORIG INAL
THE MAKING OF MEDIEVAL HISTORY
YORK MEDIEVAL PRESS
York Medieval Press is published by the University of York’s Centre for
Medieval Studies in association with Boydell & Brewer Limited. Our objective
is the promotion of innovative scholarship and fresh criticism on medieval
culture. We have a special commitment to interdisciplinary study, in line with
the Centre’s belief that the future of Medieval Studies lies in those areas in
which its major constituent disciplines at once inform and challenge each other.
Editorial Board (2017)
Professor Peter Biller (Dept of History): General Editor
Professor T. Ayers (Dept of History of Art)
Dr Henry Bainton (Dept of English and Related Literature): Secretary
Dr J. W. Binns (Dept of English and Related Literature)
Dr K. P. Clarke (Dept of English and Related Literature)
Dr K. F. Giles (Dept of Archaeology)
Professor W. Mark Ormrod (Dept of History)
Dr L. J. Sackville (Dept of History)
Dr Hanna Vorholt (Dept of History of Art)
Professor J. G. Wogan-Browne (English Faculty, Fordham University)
Consultant on Manuscript Publications
Professor Linne Mooney (Dept of English and Related Literature)
All enquiries of an editorial kind, including suggestions for monographs and
essay collections, should be addressed to: The Academic Editor, York Medieval
Press, Department of History, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD
(E-mail: [email protected]).
Details of other York Medieval Press volumes are available from Boydell &
Brewer Ltd.
THE MAKING OF
MEDIEVAL HISTORY
Edited by
Graham A. Loud and Martial Staub
YORK MEDIEVAL PRESS
© Contributors 2017
All rights reserved. Except as permitted under current legislation
no part of this work may be photocopied, stored in a retrieval system,
published, performed in public, adapted, broadcast,
transmitted, recorded or reproduced in any form or by any means,
without the prior permission of the copyright owner
First published 2017
A York Medieval Press publication
in association with The Boydell Press
an imprint of Boydell & Brewer Ltd
PO Box 9, Woodbridge, Suffolk IP12 3DF, UK
and of Boydell & Brewer Inc.
668 Mt Hope Avenue, Rochester, NY 14620–2731, USA
website: www.boydellandbrewer.com
and with the
Centre for Medieval Studies, University of York
ISBN 978 1 903153 70 3
A CIP catalogue record for this book is available
from the British Library
The publisher has no responsibility for the continued existence or accuracy of URLs for
external or third-party internet websites referred to in this book, and does not guarantee
that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate
This publication is printed on acid-free paper
CONTENTS
List of Illustrations vii
Acknowledgements xi
List of Contributors xiii
Introduction
Graham A. Loud and Martial Staub, Some Thoughts on the Making
of the Middle Ages 1
Part One: Imagining / Inventing the Middle Ages 15
1 Jinty Nelson, Why Re-Inventing Medieval History is a Good Idea 17
2 Ian Wood, Literary Composition and the Early Medieval Historian
in the Nineteenth Century 37
Part Two: Constructing a European Identity 55
3 Patrick Geary, European Ethnicities and European as an Ethnicity:
Does Europe Have Too Much History? 57
4 Michael Borgolte, A Crisis of the Middle Ages? Deconstructing and
Constructing European Identities in a Globalized World 70
Part Three: National history / Notions of Myth 85
5 Bastian Schlüter, Barbarossa’s Heirs: Nation and Medieval History
in nineteenth- and twentieth-century Germany 87
6 Joep Leerssen, Once Upon a Time in Germany: Medievalism,
Academic Romanticism and Nationalism 101
7 Bernhard Jussen, Between Ideology and Technology: Depicting
Charlemagne in Modern Times 127
Part Four: Land and Frontiers 153
8 Richard Hitchcock, Reflections on the Frontier in Early Medieval
Iberia 155
vi Contents
9 Christian Lübke, Germany’s Growth to the East: from the Polabian
Marches to Germania Slavica 167
Part Five: Rewriting Medieval Religion 185
10 Christine Caldwell Ames, Distance and Difference: Medieval
Inquisition as American History 187
11 Peter Biller, Mind the Gap: Modern and Medieval ‘Religious’
Vocabularies 207
Index 223
ILLUSTRATIONS
Chapter 5: Bastian Schlüter
1 The Kyffhäuser monument: the statue of Frederick Barbarossa 94
(Photo by Diane Milburn)
2 The Kyffhäuser monument: William I and Barbarossa (Photo by 94
Diane Milburn)
Chapter 6: Joep Leerssen
1 The Goslar Kaisersaal: west wall (with central allegory) and south 114
wall (with doorway)
2 The Goslar Kaisersaal: central allegory of the Empire’s restoration 116
(west wall)
3 The Goslar Kaisersaal: ground plan of the Kaisersaal and structure 117
of Wislicenus’s programme
4 The Goslar Kaisersaal: Frederic Barbarossa implores Henry the Lion 118
to support his crusade (west wall)
5 The Goslar Kaisersaal: Barbarossa re-emerges from the Kyffhäuser 120
cavern (north wall)
6 The Goslar Kaisersaal: the Reich as Sleeping Beauty; comatose 121
magistracy and army (east wall)
7 The Goslar Kaisersaal: the birth of Sleeping Beauty (south wall) 122
8 The Goslar Kaisersaal: history comes full circle (north wall) 124
Chapter 7: Bernhard Jussen
1 Page of the French schoolbook Bonifacio/Mérieult, Histoire de 129
France. Images et récits; Cours élementaire, illustrated by Albert Brenet
(Paris, 1952), pp. 8–9; Braunschweig, Georg Eckert Institut
viii Illustrations
2 Coronation of Charlemagne from Adolf Streckfuß’s Das deutsche Volk, 131
illustrated by Ludwig Löffler (Berlin, 1862), p. 68; Frankfurt am Main,
Goethe Universität
3 Coronation of Charlemagne from Wilhelm Zimmermann’s 131
Illustrierte Geschichte des Deutschen Volkes (Stuttgart, 1873), p. 418;
Frankfurt am Main, Goethe Universität
4 Re-engraving of Julius Schnorr von Carolsfeld’s painting of the 132
coronation of Charlemagne (1839–40), frontispiece from Karl Heinrich
Ludwig Pölitz’s Die Weltgeschichte für gebildete Leser und Studierende,
vol. 2 (Leipzig and Frankfurt am Main, 1820); Frankfurt am Main,
Goethe Universität
5 Re-engraving of a photograph of Friedrich Kaulbach’s painting of 133
the coronation of Charlemagne (1861) by Adolf Closs, from Johannes
Scherr’s Germania. Zwei Jahrtausende deutschen Lebens (Stuttgart, 1879),
p. 68; Frankfurt am Main, Goethe Universität
6 Photographic reproduction of Friedrich Kaulbach’s painting of the 133
coronation of Charlemagne (1861) from Richard Du Moulin-Eckart’s
Vom alten Germanien zum neuen Reich (Stuttgart, Berlin and Leipzig,
1926), p. 64; Frankfurt am Main, Goethe Universität
7 Saint Charlemagne, French postcard from the early twentieth 135
century; private collection
8 Charlemagne in the monastic school from Richard Du Moulin- 136
Eckart’s Vom alten Germanien zum neuen Reich, p. 75; Frankfurt am
Main, Goethe Universität
9 Charlemagne in the monastic school from Johannes Scherr’s 136
Germania (Stuttgart, 1879); Frankfurt am Main, Goethe Universität
10 Postcard with the statue of Roland, around 1900; private collection 139
11 Collectible picture card ‘Roland’s death’ from the album Vermächtnis 139
der Vergangenheit (Legacy of the Past) of the Vereinigte Margarine-
Werke, Nuremberg 1952; Frankfurt am Main, Goethe Universität
12 Collectible picture card ‘Der Roland. Anno 1404’ of the Le-Ha-Ve 140
(Lebensmittel-Handels-Vereinigung), Hamburg 1927; Frankfurt am
Main, Goethe-Universität
13 Reverse of the watercolour of Charlemagne receiving the emissaries 142
of Harun al Rashid; Plochingen, Verlagsarchiv Siegfried Driess
14 Front of the watercolour of Charlemagne receiving the emissaries of 142
Harun al Rashid
15 Re-engraving of a photographic reproduction of Rethel’s coronation 146
from Theodor Ebner’s Illustrierte Geschichte Deutschlands (Stuttgart,
1890 [orig. 1887]), p. 179; Frankfurt am Main, Goethe Universität
Illustrations ix
16 Charlemagne and Widukind from Eberhard Orthbandt’s Illustrierte 148
Deutsche Geschichte, Munich, 1963); Frankfurt am Main, Goethe
Universität
17 Collectible picture card ‘Karel de Groote, een school bezoekend’ of 149
the Dutch chocolate company Bensdorp around 1912; Frankfurt am
Main, Goethe-Universität
18 Collectible picture card from the Helden (Heroes) album of the 150
Cologne chocolate factory Stollwerck, 1908; Frankfurt am Main,
Goethe-Universität
19 Collectible picture card of the imperial coronation of Charlemagne 151
800 CE, from the Alles für Deutschland (Everything for Germany)
album of the Yosma company (Bremen, 1934); Frankfurt am Main,
Goethe-Universität
20 Collectible picture card of the imperial coronation of Charlemagne 152
800 CE from the Deutsche Geschichte album of the Herba company,
Plochingen 1953; Frankfurt am Main, Goethe-Universität
The editors, contributors and publishers are grateful to all the institutions and
persons listed for permission to reproduce the materials in which they hold
copyright. Every effort has been made to trace the copyright holders; apologies
are offered for any omission, and the publishers will be pleased to add any
necessary acknowledgement in subsequent editions.
