The Macmillan Dictionary of Films and Filmmakers: Volume I Films

553 Pages·1984·108.348 MB·English

by  Christopher Lyon, Susan Doll (eds.)

THE MACMILLAN
DICTIONARYOFFILMSAND
FILMMAKERS:VOLUMEI
FILMS
THE MACMILLANDICTIONARY
OF FILMS ANDFILMMAKERS
Volume I
FILMS
Volume II
DIRECTORS/FILMMAKERS
Volume III
ACTORS AND ACTRESSES
Volume IV
WRITERS AND PRODUCTION ARTISTS
Editor: .
Christopher Lyon
Assistant Editor:
Susan Doll
M
MACMILLAN PUBLISHERS
LONDON
© Macmillan Publishers Ltd., 1984
Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublication
maybereproduced ortransmitted,inanyform
orbyanymeans, withoutpermission.
FirstpublishedbyMACMILLAN PUBLISHERS LTD(Journals Division) 1984
Distributed byGlobe BookServicesLtd
BruneIRoad, Houndmills,Basingstoke,
Hampshire RG212XR,England
BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData
Macmillan Dictionary ofFilmsandFilmmakers.
Vol. I:Films
I. Moving-pictures-Dictionaries
1.Lyon, Christopher II.Doll, Susan
791.43'03'21 PN1993.45
ISBN978-0-333-33525-3 ISBN978-1-349-06421-2(eBook)
001 10.1007/978-1-349-06421-2
v
CONTENTS
Introduction VII
Advisers and Contributors IX
FILMS 1
Notes on Advisers and Contributors 537
VII
INTRODUCTION
This volume is the first of four in the series Macmillan Dictionary of Films and
Filmmakers. Volumes II-IV are devoted to persons: Directors/Filmmakers, Actors and
Actresses, and Writers and Production Artists. This first volume answers the need for a
comprehensive reference source, with bibliographies, on the most widely-studied films.
The difficulty insuchanenterpriseisinchoosing, fromamong thethousands thatought to
beincluded,thosefilmsthatcanbeadequately covered inasinglevolume.Inthisselection
process wehave relied on adistinguishedadvisory board.
The filmschosen reflect, tosomeextent, theindividual interestsoftheadvisers and, ina
broader sense, current concerns of North American, British, and Western European film
scholarship and criticism. The selection criteria suggested to the advisers were oriented
toward "film as art," and emphasized formal and technical aspects of film: 1)technical
innovation resultingintheenhancementoffilm'sexpressivepotential;2)formalinnovation
interms ofstructural techniquesornarrative strategies nowrecognizedascontributionsto
thelanguage offilm;3)generic significancethrough initiatingagenre, being anespecially
mature or successful example ofone, or involving an innovative synthesis ofestablished
genres;4) significance as a prime example of amajor filmmaker's characteristic themes,
style,orconcerns; 5)ideological orcultural significance, acriterion intended asleavening
forthefirstfourinthatitallowedconsiderationoffilmsrelativelyundistinguishedinartistic
or technical terms which nevertheless retain exceptional interest as social documents or
cultural artifacts. Weaskedadviserstogivespecialconsiderationtofilmsthatilluminatethe
history offilmmaking asapopularartandindustry.
We gratefully acknowledgetheassistance ofallouradvisers andcontributors, andwish
particularlytothankMariaRacheva inMunichandVladimirOpelaandhiscolleaguesatthe
CzechoslovakFilmArchives fortheirconsiderablehelpwithEasternEuropean films;John
Mraz inMexico forhisworkonCubanandMexicancinema;andIbMonty,Directorofthe
Danish Film Museum, for his help with Scandinavian film. We are indebted to Dudley
Andrew attheUniversityofIowa forhisadvice andassistance onFrench film;toAnthony
SlideandLiamO'Learywhohavebeenmosthelpfulonearlyfilms;JackC.Ellis,chairman
of Radio-TV-Film at Northwestern University, for his work on British documentaries;
Robin Wood and Roger Manvell who have been extremely generous with their time;P.
AdamsSitneyandFredCamperfortheirhelponavant-gardeandexperimentalfilm;andthe
many filmscholars intheChicago area thathavegiven their timetothisproject.
Researchforthis volume wascarried outprincipallyattheUniversity ofChicago where
we received the assistance and early support of Professor Gerald Mast. A project of this
scope could not have been undertaken without the help of the Computation Center at the
University ofChicagoandparticularlyJamesLichtenstein,whodesigned thecomputerized
editing systemwe haveusedandprovided indispensableadvice.Wealsowishtothankthe
FilmCenteroftheSchool oftheArtInstitute ofChicago anditsdirectorRichard Pefia;the
Film Study Center of the Museum of Modern Art, New York, and especially Ron
Magliozzi; Ephraim Katz, author of The Film Encyclopedia, for his advice and his
hospitality in New York; Frances Thorpe of the British Film Institute who provided
assistanceateachstageoftheproject;andPatriciaCowardwhosoefficientlycarriedoutthe
research forthisbook doneattheBFI.
VIII
We considerthat avolume such as this isin need ofconstantrevision, correction, and
updating. We hope that interested readers willbringerrors andomissionstoour attention,
andwealsowelcomeadditionstothebibliographies.Pleaseaddress anycorrespondenceon
suchmatters totheeditors,care ofS1.James Press, ChicagoorLondon.
ChristopherLyon, Editor
Susan Doll, AssistantEditor
IX
ADVISERSAND
CONTRIBUTORS
Advisers
Andrew, Dudley Ellis, Jack C. Mast, Gerald
Bardarsky, Dimitar Everson, WilliamK. Monty,Ib
Barnouw, Erik Gomery, Douglas O'Leary, Liam
Bodeen, DeWitt Kaplan, E. Ann Pefia,Richard
Brito, Rui Santana Katz,Ephraim Rabinovitz, Lauren
Burgoyne, Robert Kehr, Dave Sitney, P. Adams
Ciment, Michel Khanna, Satti Slide, Anthony
Cook, David MacCann, Richard Dyer Thorpe, Frances
Contributors
Affron, Charles Erens,Patricia Lorenz, Janet E.
Affron,Mirella Jona Faller, Greg Lowry, Ed
Andrew,Dudley Farnsworth, Rodney MacCann, Richard Dyer
Armes, Roy Feinstein,Howard Malpazzi, Frances M.
Bardarsky,Dimitar Fern, Annette Mancini, Elaine
Barnouw,Erik FitzGerald, Theresa Manvell, Roger
Basinger, Jeanine Fulks, Barry A. Marchetti, Gina
Baxter, John Gomery, Douglas Mast, Gerald
Beck,Sandra L. Gomez, Joseph McElhaney, Joseph
Bock, Audie Hanson, Patricia King Merhaut, G.
Bodeen, DeWitt Hanson, Steve Merritt, Russell
Bowers,Ronald Harris, Ann Michaels, Lloyd
Bowles, Stephen E. Heck-Rabi, Louise Milicia, Joseph
Boyajian, Marco Starr Henry, Catherine Monty,Ib
Burton,Julianne Hirano, Kyoko Mraz, John
Camper, Fred Holdstein,Deborah H. Murphy, William T.
Chediak, Nat Johnson, Timothy Narducy, Ray
Clements, William Kaminsky, Stuart M. Nastav, Dennis
Conley, Tom Kanoff, Joel O'Leary, Liam
Cook, David Kehr, Dave Obalil, Linda J.
Cripps,Thomas Kemp, Philip Palmer, R. Barton
Derry, Charles Khanna, Satti Pefia,Richard
Dunagan, Clyde Kelly Kovacs, Katherine Singer Phillips, Gene D.
Dunbar, Robert Leab, Daniel Poague, Leland
Edelman, Rob Lee, Sharon Polan,Dana B.
Ellis, Jack C. Limbacher, James L. Porton, Richard
Elsner-Sommer, Gretchen Lockhart, Kimball Rabinovitz, Lauren
x
Racheva, Maria Silet, Charles L.P. Tomlinson, Doug
Reynolds, Herbert Simmon, Scott Tsiantis, Lee
Robson, ArthurG. Sitney, P. Adams Tudor, Anthony
Rubinstein, E. Slade, Tony Urgosikova, B.
Saeli, Marie Slide, Anthony Welsh, James
Salvage, Barbara Small, EdwardS. West, Dennis
Schade, W. Curtis Smoodin, Eric White, M.B.
Seiter, Ellen E. Snyder, Thomas Winning, Robert
Selig, Michael Starr, Cecile Wood, Robin
Shochat, Ella Thompson, Frank
Translators
Robert Streit Lillian Chorvat
Czechoslovakian Czechoslovakian
Zita Laus Stanley F. Smelhaus
Portuguese Czechoslovakian