The lime : botany, production and uses

237 Pages·2017·12.87 MB·English

by  M. Mumtaz Khan

The Lime
Botany, Production and Uses

The Lime
Botany, Production and Uses
Edited by
M. Mumtaz Khan
Rashid Al-Yahyai
and
Fahad Al-Said
CABI is a trading name of CAB International
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A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library, London, UK.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Khan, M. Mumtaz, editor.
Title: The lime (botany, production and uses) / edited by M. Mumtaz Khan, Rashid
Al-Yahyai, Fahad Al-Said.
Description: Boston, MA : CABI, [2017] | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2016045652| ISBN 9781780647845 (hbk : alk. paper) | ISBN
9781780647869 (epub)
Subjects: LCSH: Limes.
Classification: LCC SB370.L5 L56 2017 | DDC 634/.337--dc23 LC record available at
https://lccn.loc.gov/2016045652
ISBN-13: 978 1 78064 784 5
Commissioning editor: Rachael Russell
Editorial assistant: Emma McCann
Production editor: Tim Kapp
Typeset by SPi, Pondicherry, India
Printed and bound in the UK by CPI Group (UK) Ltd, Croydon, CR0 4YY
Contents
Contributors vii
Preface xi
About the Editors xiii
1 Introduction and Overview of Lime 1
M. Mumtaz Khan, Rashid Al-Yahyai and Fahad Al-Said
2 Systematic Classification, Distribution and Botany 12
Chandrika Ramadugu, Muhammad F. Razi, Manjunath L. Keremane, Rainer W. Scora
and Mikeal L. Roose
3 Advances in Lime Breeding and Genetics 37
Muhammad Amjad Ali and Muhammad Azher Nawaz
4 Growth, Development and Reproductive Physiology of the Mexican Lime
(Citrus aurantifolia Christm (Swingle)) 54
G. Almaguer-Vargas, S.R. Márquez-Berber, V. González-Hernández, N. Cruz-Huerta
and I. Ramírez-Ramírez
5 Propagation and Nursery Certification 60
Muhammad Azher Nawaz, Yong-Zhong Liu, M. Mumtaz Khan and Waqar Ahmed
6 Planning and Orchard Establishment 79
Muhammad Usman and M. Mumtaz Khan
7 Irrigation and Fertilization Management in Lime Trees 91
Francisco García-Sánchez, Silvia Simón-Grao, Vicente Gimeno, Juan José Martínez-Nicolás
and A.K. Srivastava
8 Cultural Practices 115
Dalmo Lopes de Siqueira, Luiz Carlos Chamhum Salomão and César Fernandes Aquino
9 Precision Agriculture in Lime: Potential for Application of Precision
Agriculture Technologies in Lime Cropping Systems 135
Aitazaz A. Farooque, Qamar U. Zaman, Arnold W. Schumann and Travis J. Esau
v
vi Contents
10 Plant Protection: Lime Diseases and Insect Pests 149
A.M. Al-Sadi, Renan B. Queiroz, Philip Donkersley, A. Nasehi and Simon L. Elliot
11 Innovative Production Technologies 167
Muhammad Fakhar-ud-Din Razi, Rhonda Janke, Muhammad Mumtaz Khan
and Um-e-Ammara
12 Harvesting and Post-harvest Management 186
Ahmad Sattar Khan and Zora Singh
13 Traditional/Commercial Uses and Future Dynamics 205
M. Asif Hanif, Smitha Padmanabhan, Mostafa Waly and Ahmed Al-Maskari
Index 215
Contributors
Waqar Ahmed, Sector Advisor-Horticulture, United States Agency for International Development –
Cultivating New Frontiers in Agriculture (USAID-CNFA), Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
Muhammad Amjad Ali, Department of Plant Pathology and Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry
and Biotechnology (CABB), University of Agriculture, Jail Road, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan.
G. Almaguer-Vargas, Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Km. 38.5
Carretera México-Texcoco, Chapingo, Estado de México, C.P. 56230, México.
Ahmed Al-Maskari, Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences,
Sultan Qaboos University, PO Box 34, Al-khod 123, Sultanate of Oman.
A.M. Al-Sadi, Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan
Qaboos University, PO Box 34, Al-khod 123, Sultanate of Oman.
Fahad Al-Said, Assistant Secretary General for Innovation Development, The Research Council,
PO Box 1422, Muscat 130, Sultanate of Oman.
Rashid Al-Yahyai, Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences,
Sultan Qaboos University, PO Box 34, Al-khod 123, Sultanate of Oman.
Um-e-Ammara, Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan
Qaboos University, PO Box 34, Al-khod 123, Sultanate of Oman.
César Fernandes Aquino, Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas
Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil.
N. Cruz-Huerta, Colegio de Posgraduados, Campus Montecillo, Km. 36.5, Carretera México-Texcoco,
Montecillo, Estado de México, México.
Dalmo Lopes de Siqueira, Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa,
Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil.
Philip Donkersley, Department of Entomology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais,
36570-900, Brazil.
Simon L. Elliot, Department of Entomology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais,
36570-900, Brazil.
Travis J. Esau, Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Halifax,
Nova Scotia, B2N 4E3, Canada.
Aitazaz A. Farooque, School of Sustainable Design Engineering, University of Prince Edward Island,
Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, C1A 4P3, Canada.
vii
viii Contributors
Francisco García-Sánchez, Department of Plant Nutrition, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario of
Espinardo, Espinardo, PO 30100, Murcia, Spain.
Vicente Gimeno, Department of Agronomy, ISA University, PO Box 166, Av. Pte. Antonio Guzmán
Fernández Km. 5 1/2, La Herradura, Santiago, Dominican Republic.
V. González-Hernández, Colegio de Posgraduados, Campus Montecillo, Km. 36.5, Carretera
México- Texcoco, Montecillo, Estado de México, México.
M. Asif Hanif, Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan.
Rhonda Janke, Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan
Qaboos University, PO Box 34, Al-khod 123, Sultanate of Oman.
Manjunath L. Keremane, National Clonal Germplasm Repository for Citrus and Dates, USDA-ARS,
1060 Martin Luther King Blvd, Riverside, California 92507, USA.
Ahmad Sattar Khan, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad
38040, Punjab, Pakistan.
M. Mumtaz Khan, Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan
Qaboos University, PO Box 34, Al-khod 123, Sultanate of Oman.
Yong-Zhong Liu, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University/
Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, 430070 Wuhan, PR China.
S.R. Márquez-Berber, Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Km. 38.5,
Carretera México-Texcoco, Chapingo, Estado de México, C.P. 56230, México.
Juan José Martínez-Nicolás, Department of Vegetal Production and Microbiology, Escuela Politécnica
Superior de Orihuela (Universidad Miguel Hernández), Orihuela, 03312, Alicante, Spain.
A. Nasehi, Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos
University, PO Box 34, Al-khod 123, Sultanate of Oman.
Muhammad Azher Nawaz, Department of Horticulture, University College of Agriculture, University
of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan and College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences,
Huazhong Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of
Education, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
Smitha Padmanabhan, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Agricultural and
Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, PO Box 34, Al-khod 123, Sultanate of Oman.
Renan B. Queiroz, Instituto Capixaba de Pesquisa, Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural, Rodovia
BR 101 Norte, Km. 154, PO Box 62, Linhares, Espírito Santo, 29915-140, Brazil.
Chandrika Ramadugu, Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside,
California 92511, USA.
I. Ramírez-Ramírez, Colegio de Posgraduados, Campus Montecillo, Km. 36.5, Carretera México-
Texcoco, Montecillo, Estado de México, México.
Muhammad F. Razi, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Sub-campus Burewala, Vehari 61010
Pakistan.
Mikeal L. Roose, Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside,
California 92511, USA.
Luiz Carlos Chamhum Salomão, Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa,
Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil.
Arnold W. Schumann, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 700 Experiment
Station Road, Lake Alfred, Florida 33850-2299, USA.
Rainer W. Scora, Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside,
California 92511, USA.
Silvia Simón-Grao, Department of Plant Nutrition, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario of Espinardo,
Espinardo, Murcia 30100, Spain.
Zora Singh, Curtin Horticulture Research Laboratory, Department of Environment and Agriculture,
School of Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Curtin University, GPO Box U 1987, Perth,
WA, 6845, Australia.
A.K. Srivastava, Indian Council of Agricultural Research – Central Citrus Research Institute, Nagpur
440033, Maharashtra, India.
Contributors ix
Muhammad Usman, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Jail Road,
Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan.
Mostafa Waly, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Agricultural and Marine
Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, PO Box 34, Al-khod 123, Sultanate of Oman.
Qamar U. Zaman, Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Halifax,
Nova Scotia, B2N 4E3, Canada.