The Light Element Abundances: Proceedings of an ESO/EIPC Workshop Held in Marciana Marina, Isola d’Elba 21–26 May 1994

438 Pages·1995·16.483 MB·English

by  Jean Audouze (auth.), Philippe Crane (eds.)

ESO ASTROPHYSICS SYMPOSIA
European Southern Observatory
Series Editor: Philippe Crane
Philippe Crane (Ed.)
The Light Element
Abundances
Proceedings of an ESOIEIPC Workshop
Held in Marciana Marina, Isola d' Elba,
21-26 May 1994
Springer
Volume and Series Editor
Philippe Crane
European Southern Observatory
Karl-Schwarzschild-Strasse 2
D-85748 Garching
ISBN 978-3-662-22501-1 ISBN 978-3-540-49169-9 (eBook)
DOl 10.1007/978-3-540-49169-9
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© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1995
Originally published by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York in 1995
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Preface
The topic of these proceedings, the abundance of the light elements, is distin
guished in several ways. First, it covers a very broad range of astrophysical
problems from primordial nuclear synthesis through galactic evolution to stellar
astrophysics. All of these areas are inter-related in their effect on our ability
to determine the element abundances. Second, the observational aspects of this
topic are still tractable by single observers. Many of the observational results
presented here have been obtained by individuals or small collaborations. Third,
the theoretical work in this :field is strongly tied to observations. Finally this
topic is one where ESO member state astronomers are actively driving both the
observations and theory.
These proceedings gather the papers presented at the ESO/EIPC Worksho:n
on The Light Element Abundances held at Marciana Marina, Isola d' Elba dur
ing May 22- 28, 1994. Together, these papers summarize the current state of
our understanding of this topic. In several cases, new results or theoretical de
velopments are included. The topic is being actively developed and, of P.articular
interest to the ESO community, many new ideas on how to exploit 8 meter dass
telesopes can be developed from the material in these pages.
The Elba International Physics Center (EIPC) co-hosted the workshop. ESO
has previously co-hosted with EIPC two workshops on Elba. The relative isola
tion, beautiful surroundings, and good facilities insured fruitful interactions and
a successful workshop.
Acknowledgements It is a great pleasure to acknowledge the input and
encouragement of the scientific organizing committee: R. Ferlet, F. Ferrini, D.L.
Lambert, P. Molaro, P. Nissen, B. Pagel, L. Pasquini, and G. Steigman. Without
C. Stoffe r, this workshop would not have happened. Without Antonella Sapere,
it would have been chaotic. Without J. Faulkner, it would have been dull.
Garching, January 1995 Philippe Crane
Contents
Part I Light Elements in the Early Universe
Early Nucleosynthesis: The Present Status
J. Audouze . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
BigBang Nucleosynthesis: Consi~tency or Crisis?
G. Steigman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Light N uclei in the Quasi-Steady State Cosmological Model
F. Hoyle, G. Burbidge, and J.V. Narlikar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Primordial Heavy Element Production
T. Rauscher and F.-K. Thielemann 31
Sealar-Tensor Gravity Theoriesand Baryonic Density
J.-M. Alimi and A. Serna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
On the Destruction of Primordial Deuterium
K.A. Olive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Primordial Deuterium, Dark Matter and Chemical Evolution
of the Galaxy
M. Casse and E. Vangioni-Flam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Primordial Abundances of Light Elements in
Quasi-Homogeneous Models
V. Chuvenkov, V. Alyshaev, and A. Glukhov 48
Primordial Nucleosynthesis and Light Element Abundances
D.N. Schramm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Part II Light Elements at High Redshirt
Helium at High Redshirt
P. Jakobsen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Lithium at High Redshirts
.J. Sanchez Almeida and R. Rebolo 85
On the Detectability of Primordial Deuterium in QSO
Absorption .Systems
V.K. Khersonsky, F.H. Briggs, and D.A. Thrnshek . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
VIII
Sturlies of the Cloud Structure, Ionization Structure, and
Eiemental Abundances in High Redshift QSO BAL Region Gas
D.A. Turnshek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Meta! Abundances in High z Absorption Lines Systems
S. D'Odorico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
Part III Galactic Evolution
Light Element Production in the Galactic Disc by Delayed
Low Energy Cosmic Ray Flux from Intermediate Mass Stars
J .E. Beckman and E. Casuso . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Mixing of Heavy Elements into the Interstellar Medium
of Gas-Rich Galaxies: Consequence for the Primordial
Helium Determination
D. Kunth, F. Matteucci, and J.-R. Roy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
Galactic Evolution of Light Elements: Theoretical Analysis
V. Chuvenkov and A. Glukhov . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Evolution of Light Elements in Galaxies and
Intergalactic Medium
A. Glukhov and V. Chuvenkov . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
The dY / dZ in the Chemical Evolution of Galaxies with the
Multiphase Model
M. Molla. A.l. Diaz. and Federico Ferrini . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
Chemical Evolution Models with a New Stellar Nucleosynthesis
A. Giovagnoli and M. Tosi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
Chemical Enrichment of Mergers by Violent Star Formation
E. Lüdke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
Ultra-Metal-Poor Stars for the 21st Century
T.C. Beers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
Part IV Helium
Helium in HII Regions and Stars
B.E.J. Page! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
The Helium to Heavy Elements Enrichment Ratio
M. Peimbert . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
IX
Primordial Helium from Extremely Metal-Poor Galaxies
E. Terlevich, E.D. Skillman, and R. Terlevich . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
..::1Y/..::1Z from Fundamental Stellar Parameters
G. Cayrel de Strobel and F. Crifo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
On the ..::1Y/..::1Z Determination
L.S. Pilyugin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
..::1Y/..::1Z- No Controversy Between Theory and Observation
P. Traat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
The Helium Abundance of the Galactic Bulge
D. Minniti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
Part V Deuterium and 3He
The Quest for the Cosmic Abundance of 3He
R.T. Rood, T.M. Bania, T.L. Wilson, and D.S. Baiser 201
Hubble Observations of D /H in the Local ISM
and Consequences for Cosmology
J.L. Linsky, A. Diplas, T.R. Ayres, B. Wood, and A. Brown 215
Galactic Evolution of D and 3He
D. Galli, F. Palla, F. Ferrini, and 0. Straniero 224
Chemical Evolution Models of D and 3He: Problems?
M. Tosi, G. Steigman, and D.S.P. Dearborn 228
The Interstellar D/H Ratio Toward G191-B2B
M. Lemoine, A. Vidal-Madjar, R. Ferlet, P. Bertin, C. Gry,
and R. Lallement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
Part VI Lithium
Observational Status of Lithium in Stars
F. Spite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
The Abundances of Li in 6 Scuti Stars: Can They Explain
the Li Dip?
S.C. Russell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248
Exploring the Lithium Dip: A Comparison of Clusters
S. Balachandran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252
X
Convection, Opacities and Pre-Main Sequence
Lithium Depletion
F. D'Antona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
The Behaviour of the Lithium Abundance Along the
Pre-Main Sequence Phase
A. Magazzu, E.L. Martin, R. Rebolo, R.J. Garcia Lopez,
and Y.V. Pavlenko . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260
Lithium Abundances Below the Substellar Limit
A. Magazzu, E.L. Martin, and R. Rebolo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264
Lithium in Nearby Main-Sequence Solar-Type Stars
F. Favata, G. Micela, and S. Sciortino . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268
Lithium in Pleiades K Dwarfs
D.R. Soderblom, B.F. Jones, and M. Shetrone 272
Lithium Abundances of the Most Metal-Poor Stars
S.G. Ryan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276
Lithium Abundance in Pop II Stars: Inftuence of a Small
Mass Loss
S. Vauclair and C. Charbonnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280
Lithium in Late-Type Subgiants
S. Randich, R. Pallavicini, L. Pasquini, and R. Gratton 284
Rotation and Lithium in Bright Giant Stars
A. Lebre and J.-R. De Medeiros . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288
7Li Production in Luminous AGB Stars
B. Plez and V. V. Smith . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293
Lithium Production and Hot Bottom Burning in AGB Stars
N. Mowlavi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297
Resolution of the Classical Hyades Lithium Problem
J. Faulkner and F. Swenson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301
Lithium in Old Binary Stars
L. Pasquini, M. Spite. and F. Spite 307
Lithium in Tidally Locked Binaries
R. Pallavicini and S. Randich . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311
XI
Lithium in Campanions to Compact Objects
R. Rebolo, E.L. Martin, J. Casares, and P. Charles 315
Stellar Production of Lithium
F. Matteucci, F. D'Antona, and F.X. Timmes 319
Li I Lines in POP II Dwarf Spectra: NLTE Effects
Y.V. Pavlenko . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324
Lithium Content lnvestigation at the 6-m Telescope 328
V.G. Klochkova and V.E. . Panchuk
Part VII Lithium Isotopes
The Lithium Isotope Ratio in Old Stars
P.E. Nissen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337
Constraints on the Galactic Evolution of the Li
Abundance from the 7Li/6Li Ratio
C. Abia, J. Isern, and R. Canal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346
The Interstellar 7Lif6Li Ratio
i\1. Lemoine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350
Part VIII Beryllium and Boron
The Galactic Evolution of Beryllium
A. Merchant Boesgaard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363
Non-LTE Effects on Be and B Abundance Determinations
in Cool Stars
D. Kiselman and M. Carlsson ..................... , . . . . . . . . . 372
LiBeB Production by Low Energy Galactic Cosmic Rays
H. Reeves and N. Prantzos ........................ ~........ 382
Genesis and Evolution of LiBeB Isotopes I: Production Rates
E. Vangioni-Flam, R. Lehoucq, and M. Casse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389
Using Beryllium to Explore Stellar Structure and Evolution
C.P. Deliyannis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395
Implications of the B/Be and 11Bjl0B Ratios
K.A. Olive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410