Table Of Content7
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THE LESBIAN AND GAY MOVEMENT
AND THE STATE
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The Lesbian and Gay Movement
and the State
Comparative Insights into a Transformed Relationship
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y Edited by
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v MANON TREMBLAY
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U Université d’Ottawa, Canada
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o DAVID PATERNOTTE
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at Université Libre de Bruxelles and
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r (cid:41)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:71)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:79)(cid:68)(cid:3)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:70)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:86)(cid:70)(cid:76)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:191)(cid:84)(cid:88)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:37)(cid:72)(cid:79)(cid:74)(cid:76)(cid:88)(cid:80)
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a CAROL JOHNSON
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First published 2011 by Ashgate Publishing
Published 2016 by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
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1 Copyright © Manon Tremblay, David Paternotte and Carol Johnson 2011
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h All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any
c form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented,
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Ma including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system,
without permission in writing from the publishers.
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6 Notices:
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: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only
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1 for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.
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t Manon Tremblay, David Paternotte and Carol Johnson have asserted their right under the
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r (cid:38)(cid:82)(cid:83)(cid:92)(cid:85)(cid:76)(cid:74)(cid:75)(cid:87)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:39)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:76)(cid:74)(cid:81)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:51)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:36)(cid:70)(cid:87)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:20)(cid:28)(cid:27)(cid:27)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:82)(cid:3)(cid:69)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:71)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:191)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:76)(cid:87)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:82)(cid:73)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:76)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:90)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:78)(cid:17)
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U British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
l The lesbian and gay movement and the state : comparative
a
n insights into a transformed relationship.
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i 1. Gay liberation movement. 2. Gay rights--Cross-cultural
t
a
n studies. 3. Gays--Government policy--Cross-cultural
er studies.
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n I. Tremblay, Manon. II. Paternotte, David. III. Johnson,
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a Carol, 1955-
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i 306.7'66-dc22
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F
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
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y Tremblay, Manon.
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d The lesbian and gay movement and the state : comparative insights into a transformed
e relationship / by Manon Tremblay, David Paternotte, and Carol Johnson.
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a p. cm.
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nl Includes bibliographical references and index.
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ISBN 978-1-4094-1066-9 (hardback)
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1. Gay liberation movement. 2. Gay rights. I. Paternotte, David. II. Johnson,
Carol, 1955- III. Title.
HQ76.5.T74 2011
306.76'6--dc22
201101533
ISBN 9781409410669 (hbk)
Contents
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1 Notes on Contributors vii
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ar Introduction 1
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David Paternotte, Manon Tremblay and Carol Johnson
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6 1 Argentina: A Queer Tango between the
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: Lesbian and Gay Movement and the State 13
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1 Jordi Díez
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y 2 Australia: Parties, Federalism and Rights Agendas 27
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s Carol Johnson, Sarah Maddison and Emma Partridge
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n 3 Belgium: The Paradoxical Strength of Disunion 43
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l David Paternotte
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i 4 Brazil: From AIDS to Human Rights 57
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n Juan P. Marsiaj
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I 5 Canada: The Power of Institutions 73
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d Miriam Smith
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F 6 India: From Tensions to Transformation 89
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y Alankaar Sharma and Arpita Das
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e 7 The Netherlands: Depoliticization of
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a Homosexuality and Homosexualization of Politics 103
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nl Gert Hekma and Jan Willem Duyvendak
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D 8 Poland: Sovereignty and Sexuality in Post-Socialist Times 119
Agnès Chetaille
9 Singapore, Indonesia and Malaysia: Arrested Development! 135
Baden Offord
10 South Africa: Opportunities Seized in the Post-Apartheid Era 153
Sheila Croucher
vi The Lesbian and Gay Movement and the State
11 Spain: Building Reciprocal Relations between
Lesbian and Gay Organizations and the State 167
Kerman Calvo
12 United Kingdom: Changing Political Opportunity Structures,
Policy Success and Continuing Challenges for Lesbian,
Gay and Bisexual Movements 181
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1 Kelly Kollman and Matthew Waites
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h 13 United States: Multi-Institutional Politics,
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ar Social Movements and the State 197
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Mary Bernstein
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6 Conclusion 213
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: David Paternotte, Manon Tremblay and Carol Johnson
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y Index 229
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Notes on Contributors
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1 Mary Bernstein is Professor of Sociology at the University of Connecticut. Her
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2 scholarship seeks to understand the role of identity in social movements and
h how movement actors interact with the state and the law. She is the author of
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ar numerous publications, including articles in Social Problems, Annual Review of
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Sociology, Sociological Perspectives and Sociological Theory. She is co-editor
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1 of Queer Families, Queer Politics: Challenging Culture and the State (Columbia
6 University Press, 2001) and Queer Mobilizations: LGBT Activists Confront the
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: Law (NYU Press, 2009).
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1
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] a Kerman Calvo (PhD, Essex University) lectures in sociology at the University of
y Salamanca (Spain). He has previously held teaching and research positions at the
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s Universities of Pompeu Fabra (Barcelona), Carlos III (Madrid), Essex, and at the
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v Spanish Centre for Political and Constitutional Studies. He is the author of several
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n articles on lesbian and gay mobilization and politics in Spain. Current projects
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l include the edition of an special issue on Spain for Sexualities and the writing of
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n a book based on his doctoral dissertation on collective protest and sexual rights
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i recognition in Spain.
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e Agnès Chetaille is a PhD candidate at Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences
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I Sociales, Paris and was a scholarship recipient of the Wissenschaftszentrum
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d Berlin für Sozialforschung from 2007 to 2010. Her research interests include the
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or emergence of a lesbian and gay movement in Poland, the transnationalization of
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F sexual rights movements in Europe and East/West relations within the European
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y Union. She has published several academic articles.
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e Sheila Croucher is a professor of American Studies and Political Science at Miami
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a University in Oxford, Ohio. Her scholarship focuses on changing configurations
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nl of cultural and political belonging in North America and in post-apartheid South
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Africa. She is the author of Globalization and Belonging: The Politics of Identity
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D in a Changing World (Rowman and Littlefield, 2003) and The Other Side of the
Fence: American Migrants in Mexico (University of Texas Press, 2009).
Arpita Das is reading Gender Studies at the Central European University in
Budapest, Hungary. She has a degree in Social Work and has worked on violence
against women in India. She has also worked on issues of sexuality, sexual health
and rights in South and Southeast Asia. Her academic interests include gender,
gender-based violence, sexuality and disability.
viii The Lesbian and Gay Movement and the State
Jordi Díez is Associate Professor of Political Science at the University of Guelph,
Canada and author/editor of Political Change and Environmental Policymaking
in Mexico (Routledge), Global Environmental Challenges: Perspectives from
the South (University of Toronto Press) and Canadian and Mexican Security in
the New North America: Challenges and Prospects (McGill-Queen’s University
Press). He is interested in comparative politics, Latin American politics, processes
of democratization, comparative public policy, citizenship studies, environmental
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1 politics and policy, social movements, civil-military relations, North American
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2 security relations, and the politics of sexual minority rights.
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ar Jan Willem Duyvendak is a full professor in Sociology at the Universiteit van
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Amsterdam, a chair he has held since 2003. He received his master degrees in both
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1 sociology and philosophy at the Universiteit van Groningen. He did his doctoral
6 research on new social movements in France both in Paris and in Amsterdam.
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: His main fields of research include disadvantaged neighborhoods in large cities,
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1 community development, multiculturalism, social cohesion, urban renewal and
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] a ‘feeling at home’.
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s Gert Hekma teaches gay and lesbian and gender and sexuality studies in the
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v Department of Sociology and Anthropology at the Universiteit van Amsterdam.
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n He is co-editor of The Pursuit of Sodomy (1989), Gay Men and the Sexual History
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l of the Political Left (1995), and Sexual Cultures in Europe (1999) and editor of
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n A Cultural History of Sexuality in the Modern Age (2011). He has also written
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i several books in Dutch on the history of male homosexuality (1987, 1992, 2004)
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n and an ABC of perversions (2009). His current work deals with sexual revolution
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e in the Netherlands.
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d Carol Johnson is a Professor in Politics at the University of Adelaide, Australia.
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or Her work on sexuality has been published in journals ranging from Sexualities to the
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F Australian Journal of Political Science and has focused on analysing comparative
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y political discourse, and constructions of heteronormative citizenship, in Australia,
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d the UK, the US and Malaysia. Her work on Australian politics includes the books,
e The Labor Legacy: Curtin, Chifley, Whitlam, Hawke and Governing Change:
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a From Keating to Howard.
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Kelly Kollman is a lecturer in Politics at the University of Glasgow. Her research
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D focuses on the influence that transnational networks and norms have on policy
outcomes in Western democracies. She is currently working on two projects: the
first examines the adoption of same-sex unions policy in Western democracies.
The second examines the spread of corporate social responsibility norms within
transnational markets and analyses their affect on the behaviour of multi-national
enterprises. Kelly has published numerous peer reviewed articles including in
World Politics, International Studies Quarterly and International Studies Review.
Notes on Contributors ix
Associate Professor Sarah Maddison is an Australian Research Council Future
Fellow, in the Indigenous Policy and Dialogue Research Unit, at the University
of New South Wales. She has published widely in the areas of young women
and feminist activism, social movements, non-government organisations and
democracy. Her books include Activist Wisdom (UNSW Press, 2006), Silencing
Dissent (Allen & Unwin, 2007), Black Politics (Allen & Unwin, 2009) and
Beyond White Guilt (Allen & Unwin, 2011). She has also co-authored, with
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1 Emma Partridge, the gender and sexuality audit reports for the Democratic Audit
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2 of Australia (2007).
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ar Juan P. Marsiaj is an instructor at Ryerson University and a PhD candidate at
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the University of Toronto. His doctoral dissertation examines the impact of the
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1 LGBT movement on public policy and on the democratization process in Brazil.
6 His recent publications include articles in the Canadian Journal of Latin American
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: and Caribbean Studies (republished in The Politics of Sexuality in Latin America:
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1 A Reader on Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Rights [University of
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] a Pittsburgh Press]), and in a forthcoming volume on comparative public policy in
y Latin America (University of Toronto Press).
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v Baden Offord is 2010–2011 Chair (Visiting Professor) in Australian Studies,
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n Centre for Pacific and American Studies, Institute of Advanced Global Studies, The
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l University of Tokyo, and Associate Professor in Cultural Studies, Southern Cross
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n University, Australia. He has published widely in human rights, Asian Studies,
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i sexual diversity and cultural studies, including his 2003 book Homosexual Rights
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n as Human Rights: Activism in Indonesia, Singapore and Australia (Peter Lang).
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I Emma Partridge is Research Director at the Institute for Sustainable Futures,
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d University of Technology, Sydney, Australia. She has previously contributed
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or to the Democratic Audit of Australia, co-authoring (with Sarah Maddison) the
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F sexuality report: How well does Australian democracy serve sexual and gender
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y minorities? (2007) and the gender report: How well does Australian democracy
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d serve Australian women? (2007). In late 2009 she took up a one-month Visiting
e Guest Professorship at the University of Connecticut, in the USA, to present
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a on and develop this work. Emma is also currently undertaking a PhD at the
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nl Indigenous Policy and Dialogue Research Unit at the University of New South
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Wales, Australia.
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David Paternotte is a postdoctoral fellow of the Belgian Fonds de la recherche
scientifique at the Université libre de Bruxelles. His doctoral dissertation was
about the advocacy of same-sex marriage in Belgium, France and Spain, and
his current research deals with lesbian and gay activism in both European and
transnational arenas. He is the author of Revendiquer le ‘mariage gay’: Belgique,
France, Espagne (Éditions de l’Université de Bruxelles, 2011) and the co-editor
of Au-delà et en deçà de l’État: Le genre entre dynamiques transnationales et
