The Laboratory Mouse (Laboratory Animal Pocket Reference)

245 Pages·2023·19.029 MB·English

by  Mark A. Suckow, Sara Hashway, Kathleen R. Pritchett-Corning

The Laboratory
MOUSE
With the advent of transgenic and other genetic engineering tech-
nologies, the versatility and usefulness of the mouse as a model in
biomedical research has soared. Revised to refect advances since
the second edition, The Laboratory Mouse continues to be the most
accessible reference on the biology and care of the mouse in research
settings.
This guide presents basic information and common procedures in
detail to provide a quick reference source for investigators, techni-
cians, and caretakers on the humane care and use of the mouse. The
new edition adds information on novel technologies such as CRISPR-
Cas and on housing systems and management practices; it covers
new concepts such as pain assessment by facial expression and the
importance of nest building as an assessment tool of well-being.
There are now expanded sections on anesthesia and analgesia, and
on behavior and enrichment.
An ideal quick reference for investigators, technicians, and animal
caretakers charged with the care and/or use of mice in a research
setting, this book will be particularly valuable to those new to work-
ing with mice who need to start research programs using these
animals.
Laboratory Animal Pocket Reference Series
Series Editor: Mark A. Suckow
PUBLISHED TITLES
The Laboratory Rabbit, Second Edition,
By Mark A. Suckow, Valerie Schroeder, Fred A. Douglas
The Laboratory Zebrafsh,
By Claudia Harper, Christian Lawrence
The Laboratory Guinea Pig, Second Edition,
By Donna J. Clemons, Jennifer L. Seeman
The Laboratory Ferret,
By C. Andrew Matchett, Rena Marr, Felipe M. Berard,
Andrew G. Cawthon, Sonya P. Swing
The Laboratory Mouse, Second Edition,
By Peggy J. Danneman, Mark A. Suckow, Cory Brayton
Critical Care Management for Laboratory Mice and Rats,
By F. Claire Hankenson
The Laboratory Bird,
By Douglas K. Taylor, Vanessa K. Lee, Karen R. Strait
Handbook of Laboratory Animal Anesthesia
and Pain Management: Rodents,
Edited By Cholawat Pacharinsak, Jennifer C. Smith
The Laboratory Nonhuman Primate, Second Edition,
By Jeffrey D. Fortman, Terry A. Hewett, Lisa C. Halliday
Laboratory Animals Pocket Reference Set,
By Various Authors
The Laboratory Mouse, Third Edition,
By Mark A. Suckow, Sara Hashway, Kathleen R. Pritchett-Corning
For more details, please visit: Laboratory Animal Pocket
Reference—Book Series—Routledge & CRC Press.
The Laboratory
mouse
[Third Edition]
Mark A. Suckow,
Sara A. Hashway, and
Kathleen R. Pritchett-Corning
Third edition published 2023
by CRC Press
6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742
and by CRC Press
4 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN
CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
© 2023 Mark A. Suckow, Sara A. Hashway, Kathleen R. Pritchett-Corning
Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and pub-
lisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use.
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ISBN: 978-1-032-41685-4 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-0-367-37320-7 (pbk)
ISBN: 978-0-429-35308-6 (ebk)
DOI: 10.1201/9780429353086
Typeset in Bookman
by Deanta Global Publishing Services, Chennai, India
contents
preface .........................................................................................xiii
about the authors .........................................................................xv
1 important biological features ..................................................1
introduction ...........................................................................1
stocks and strains ..................................................................2
nomenclature .........................................................................3
anatomic and physiologic features ..........................................5
normative values ....................................................................9
Basic Biologic Parameters .................................................9
Clinical Chemistry ............................................................9
Urinalysis .......................................................................11
hematology ...........................................................................12
immunodefcient mice...........................................................13
wild mice ..............................................................................15
behavior, well-being, and enrichment ...................................17
Behavior .........................................................................17
Well-being .......................................................................19
Enrichment.....................................................................20
references .............................................................................21
2 husbandry ............................................................................25
housing ................................................................................25
Caging ............................................................................25
Housing Systems ............................................................28
v
vi c ontents
Bedding ..........................................................................30
barriers and containment .....................................................33
personal protective equipment (PPE) .....................................36
special considerations for immunodefcient mice ...................37
environment .........................................................................38
Temperature and Humidity .............................................38
Ventilation ......................................................................39
Illumination ....................................................................39
Noise and Vibration ........................................................40
sanitation and pest control ...................................................41
Sanitation .......................................................................41
Cage cleaning ............................................................41
Room cleaning ..........................................................43
Research equipment cleaning ....................................43
Quality control ..........................................................43
Pest Control ....................................................................44
nutrition ...............................................................................44
water ....................................................................................47
breeding ...............................................................................47
Basic Genetics ................................................................48
Breeding Schemes ..........................................................49
Pheromone Infuences .....................................................52
Timed Pregnancy ............................................................53
Genetic Monitoring .........................................................54
identifcation and record keeping ..........................................55
Identifcation ...................................................................55
Records ...........................................................................57
transportation ......................................................................58
Between Institutions .......................................................58
Within the Institution .....................................................60
references .............................................................................60
3 management.........................................................................69
regulatory agencies and compliance .....................................69
Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) ........71
IACUC Composition ........................................................71
Responsibilities of the IACUC ..........................................72
occupational health and zoonotic diseases ...........................72
compassion fatigue ...............................................................75
references .............................................................................76
c ontents vii
4 clinical medicine ..................................................................79
basic veterinary supplies ......................................................79
physical examination of the mouse .......................................80
common spontaneous and noninfectious diseases ................82
Common Conditions Involving the Alimentary System ....84
Non-neoplastic conditions ..........................................84
Alimentary tumors ....................................................85
Common Conditions Involving the Cardiovascular
System ............................................................................85
Non-neoplastic conditions ..........................................85
Cardiovascular tumors ..............................................87
Common Conditions Involving the Endocrine System ......87
Non-neoplastic conditions ..........................................87
Endocrine tumors .....................................................87
Hematopoietic and Immune System ................................88
Non-neoplastic conditions ..........................................88
Hematopoietic and immune system tumors ...............89
Common Conditions Involving the Integumentary
System ............................................................................89
Non-neoplastic conditions ..........................................89
Tumors of skin and adnexae ......................................91
Common Conditions Involving the Musculoskeletal
System ............................................................................93
Non-neoplastic conditions ..........................................93
Musculoskeletal tumors ............................................94
Common Conditions Involving the Nervous System .........94
Non-neoplastic conditions ..........................................94
Nervous system tumors .............................................96
Common Conditions Involving the Respiratory System ....97
Non-neoplastic conditions ..........................................97
Respiratory tumors ...................................................97
Common Conditions Involving the Urogenital System .....97
Non-neoplastic conditions ..........................................97
Urogenital tumors .....................................................98
Common Systemic or Multisystem Conditions .................98
Amyloidosis ...............................................................98
Hyalinosis .................................................................99
Conditions related to nutritional status .....................99
Stress-related changes ............................................100
common infectious diseases ...............................................100
viii contents
Diagnostic Methods ......................................................102
Viral Agents and Diseases ............................................103
Murine noroviruses (MNV) ......................................104
Parvoviruses ...........................................................104
Mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) ...................................105
Theiler’s mouse encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) .....106
Mouse rotavirus (MRV, EDIM) .................................106
Murine astrovirus ...................................................107
Mouse adenoviruses (MAV 1 and 2) .........................107
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) ...........108
Lactate dehydrogenase–elevating virus (LDV,
LDEV) ...................................................................108
Hantaviruses (Han) .................................................108
Herpesviruses .........................................................108
Ectromelia virus (mousepox) ...................................108
Papovaviruses .........................................................109
Paramyxoviruses .................................................... 110
Reovirus 3 (REO3)................................................... 110
Bacterial Agents and Diseases ...................................... 110
Bordetella species .................................................... 110
Filobacterium rodentium (formerly cilia-associated
respiratory bacillus, CAR bacillus, CARB) ............... 111
Citrobacter rodentium ............................................... 111
Clostridium piliforme ................................................ 112
Corynebacterium bovis ............................................. 112
Helicobacter ............................................................. 112
Mycoplasma ............................................................ 113
Rodentibacter pneumotropicus and R. heylii
(formerly Pasteurella pneumotropica type Jawetz or
Heyl)........................................................................ 113
Pseudomonas aeruginosa ......................................... 114
Staphylococcus ........................................................ 114
Fungal Agents and Diseases ......................................... 115
Pneumocystis murina ............................................... 115
Intestinal protozoa .................................................. 115
Parasitic Agents and Diseases ...................................... 117
Arthropods .............................................................. 117
Helminths ............................................................... 119
treatment and supportive care of sick mice .........................122
Drug Dosages ...............................................................122
General Treatment of Open Skin Lesions ......................122
contents ix
General Treatment of Weak Mice ...................................122
Provision of supplemental fuids ..............................123
Provision of food ......................................................123
Provision of supplemental heat ................................124
Treatment of Dystocia ...................................................124
clinical endpoints ...............................................................125
treating disease on a colony basis .......................................129
Prevention of Spread .....................................................129
Approaches to Elimination ............................................ 131
Depopulation ........................................................... 131
Test and cull ........................................................... 131
Burnout ..................................................................132
Medical treatment ...................................................132
Facility Decontamination ..............................................133
references ...........................................................................133
5 preventive medicine ............................................................ 141
receiving ............................................................................. 141
Reviewing Health Reports ............................................. 141
Options for Newly Imported Mice ...................................144
Transport directly to barrier ...................................144
Quarantine .............................................................144
Rederivation ............................................................146
Cryopreservation .....................................................148
testing of biological materials .............................................148
Risks for Humans and Animals ....................................148
health surveillance and monitoring ....................................150
Principles ......................................................................150
Selection of Test Subjects .............................................. 151
Diagnostic Testing ........................................................153
disease prevention through sanitation ................................153
references ...........................................................................154
6 experimental methodology ..................................................157
restraint .............................................................................157
Cage Transfer ...............................................................157
Restraint for Manipulation ............................................158
Restraint Devices ..........................................................159
sampling methods ..............................................................159
Blood ............................................................................159