The Kuomintang Movement in British Malaya, 1912–1949

317 Pages·1990·27.088 MB·English

by  Ching Fatt Yong & R. B. McKenna

THE KUOMINTANG
MOVEMENT IN BRITISH MALAYA
THE KUOMINTANG
MOVEMENT
IN
BRITISH MALAY A
1912-1949
C. F. YONG and R. B. McKENNA
NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE
c I 990 Singapore University Press
Kent Ridge. Singapore 0511
All rights reserved.
ISBN 9971-69-137-X (Paper)
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Contents
LiosfTt a bles vi
LiosfPt l ates vii
LiosAftp pendices ,·iii
Ahbrn•iations ix
Preface xi
I. Historical Background
2. Flexing the Political Muscles: The First Phase of
the Malayan K11omimang Movement, 1912-1925 22
3. From Supervision to Suspension: British Control and
Chinese Nationalism. 1911-1925 44
4. The KMT Forging Ahead Under a Ban. 1925-1930 83
5.G rappling with the KMT: The Divided 'Colonial Mind',
1925-1930 106
6. The Clementi Onslaught and the Lampson Diplomacy:
The Taming of the 'Double-Head Snake', 1930-1931" 134
7. Retardation and Rcvh•al: The Agony of the Malayan
KMT Movement, 1931-1942 172
8. The High Tide of the Malayan KMT Movement,
1945-1949 199
9. Conclusion 226
Appendices 236
Glosy sar 256
Bibliograph;• 261
!ttdex 275
List of Tables
Chapter I
I. T'ung Meng Hui Brnnchcs and Principal. Leaders. 1906-1911 lJ
2. Malayan Chinese Financial Contributions to Chinese
Revolution, 1906-I 912 I 7
Ch11pter 2
I. KMT Dr.inches in Malaya. 1912-1925 26
2. Pang. Binhplacc and Social Origins of the Singapore KMT
Office bearers, July 1913 28
3. Principal Leaders of the CRP Branches.and Sub-Branches in
Uri1ish Malaya, 1914-1919 33
4. Fund Raised by the CRP Branches in British Malaya for
Sun Yat-sen Against Yuan Shih-k'ai. 1915-1916 36
Chapter 4
I. The KMT Branches and Sub-Branches in Bri1ish Malaya.
1926 87
2. The KMT Branches and Sub-Branches. Controlled by the
'Moderates', 1927 90
3. BMHB Office-bearers. 1929 92
4. KMT Membership in Malaya and Singapore, January 1929 94
5. BMHB Office-bearers. 1930 95
Chapter 6
I. Conference on Chinese Affairs. Govcrnmcm House. Singapore 155
Chapler 7
I. Members of the Preparatory Committr.,-cs of the Malayan Direct
Branches, 1931 174
2. Executive and Supervisory Comminee Members and Reserve
Members of the Sc\angor Direct Branch, 1933 180
Chapter 8
I. Key KMT Leaders in Fives States in Malaya 205
2. Leadership of the Singapore KMT Branch, 1948 206
3. The Sclangor KMT Leadership, I 948 207
4. Estimate of Total KMT Membership in Malaya, March
1948 209
S. SMCIYC Membership and Branches in Malaya, 1947 211
6. KMT-controlled or Influenced Newspapers in Malaya, 19.48 215
vi
LiosftP lates
I. Dr. Sun Yat-scn (1866-1925)
2. Bill Chin House (or Dr Sun Yat-scn Villa). Singapore
3. Sun Yai.scn·s visit to Singapore, 1905
4. Sun Ya1-scn with Teo Eng-hock and Tan Chor-nam. 190S
5. Huang Hsing and Pcrak TMH (T',mg Meng llu1) members, 1910
6. Dr Lim Boon-kcng, President of the Singapore K.MT
(Kuomimang), 1913-14
7. Chan Chan-mooi, TMH 'old guard', Kuala Lumpur
8. Teng Tse-ju, TMH ·old guard', Kuala Pilah
9. Tch Lay-scng, TMH 'old guard', Pcrak
10. Lee Guan-swcc. TMH 'old guard', Pcrak
11. Goh Say-cng, TMH 'old guard', Pcnang
12. Lim Nee-soon, TMH 'old guard', Singapore
13. Teo Eng-hock. TMH 'old guard', Singapore
14. Tan Chor-nam, TMH 'old guard', Singapore
15. Lee Chin-tian. K.MT leader, Singapore
16. Lim Kcng-lian, KlvlT leader. Singapore
17. Chuang Hui-chuan. KMT leader. Singapore
18. Tan Kok-chor, KMT leader, Singapore
19. Tan Kah-kee, a TMH member, Singapore
20. Tan Kah-kcc wilh Lau Gcok-swee, Pcnang KMT leader and
Tjhung Sic-gan. Batavia KMT leader, 1938
21. Lim Ta-tian, KMT leader, Malacca
22. Tan Kee-gak, KMT leader, Malacca
23. Wong Shee-roon. KMT leader. Johorc
24. Ho Ju-khoon. KMT leader. Penang
25. Chew Mua-tong. KMT leader, Pcnang
26. Ong Kcng-scng.. KMT leader. Pcnang
27. Lau Pak-khuan, K..MT leader, Perak
28. Hong Siong. KMT leader. Perak
29. Lee Hau-shik, KMT leader. Sclangor
30. Sir John Anderson. SS ( Straits Sculcmcnts) Governor,
1903-1910
31. Sir Arthur Young. SS Governor, 1911-1919
32. Sir Laurence Guillemard. SS Governor, 1920-1927
33. Sir Hugh Oifofrd, SS Governor, I 927-1929
34. Sir Cecil Clementi, SS Governor, 1930-1934
35. Sir Shenton Thomas, SS Governor, 1934-1942
36. Sir Franklin Gimson, Singapore Governor, 1947-1951
?·
./
List of Appendices fi
fi
The following appendices arc from Public RC(:ord Office, Kew,
Richmond. Eng.land. ·crown copyrighl material in the Public RL-cord
Office is reproduced by permission of the Controller of Her :I
Majesty's Stationery Oflicc·.
'
A. Sir L N. Guillcmard. Governor. SS (S1r.1i1s Sc11lcmcnts).
to the Duke of Devonshire. CO (Colonial Oflkc).
6 Oc<:cmbcr 1922. on a proposal 10 ban the Malayan KMT
(Kuomintang) branches. 236
B. Sir Cecil Clementi. Go\'Crnor. SS. to Lord Passflcld of
Passfield Corner. CO. 25 February 1930, with Enclosure
No. I. Officc-lkarcrs of the HMHB (British Malaya I-lead
Brnnch) of the China KMT. February 1930 and Enclosure
No. 2, Minulcs of the Government House Meeting between
Clcmcn1i and 17 Officc-lkarcrs of the BMt-m (British
Malaya Head Branch) or the China KMT. 243
C. Sir F. Gimson. Governor, Singapore. to the Secretary of
State for the Colonies, CO. 17 February 1949 (tclcgrnm),
on a proposal to ban the KMT in Singapore. 253
Abbreviations
ABH Ang Bin 1-!uay
ACCC Associated Chinese Chambers of
AEBUSO verseas Chinese Anti-Enemy Backing-Up Society
BMA British Militarv Administration
BMHB British Malay; I-lead Branch of the China KMT
CAB Chinese Advisory Board
CCP Chinese Communist Party
CDL China Democratic League
CID Criminal Investigation Department
CMGCCCh inese r-.forchanis' General Chamber of Commerce
CNEVCC hinese National Emancipation Vangu::ird Corps
co Colonial Office
COD Central Organization Department of the China KMT
CP China Press
CRP Chinese Revolutionary Party
CS.IP Chung Shi11g Jir Pa11
l'IR Fom,ig/11/y lnrrlligl'11ce Re,·it•w
FMS Federated Malay States
FO Foreign Ollicc
JMBRAS Joum a/ oft he Malaysian /Jranch oft he Royal Asiatic Society
JSEA/1 Journal ofSomht•aJ·t Asian /lis10ry
JSEAS Joumlll ofS o111hcas1 Asian S111dies
JSSS Journal of South Seas Socier_v
KMT Kuomintang
KIITP Kwong Walt )'ik Poh
LI' Lat Pau
MHPI Malayan B11/Jerill ofP olitical lmelligeuce
MCA Malayan Chinese Association
MCP Malayan Communist Party
MCS Malayan Civil Service
MIC Malaysian Indian Congress
MKJP .\1111 Kuolih Pao
.-lbbrt'l'/0(/0IU
MPAC Malayan Political Ad\·isory Committee
MPAJA Malayan People's An1i.Japancsc Army
M/'IR Monthly Political lmrllig,,na Rt'port
MRCA Mo,ith/)1 Rr1•1c11· of Chi11rs,· AD'airs
NCJI' Nari Chiau Ji1 Pao
NCP Nanyang Communisl Party
NDYL New Democratic Youth League
NEI Netherlands East Indies
NGLU Nanyang General Labour Union
Nl'SI' Na11ra11g Sia11g Pa11
OAG Officer Administering Government
OCAJA Overseas Chinese Anti•Jupancsc Army
OCBC Oversea-Chinese Banking Corporation Ltd
P/J Poli1ica/ 1tu,•lliget1cr Ju11mal
PMFrU Pan•Malayan Federation or Trade Unions
A\IR Poliriml Momhlr Re,·u•w
RCA R,•1·iew of Chtm•sr Affairs
SsCBcA ccSt raits Chinese British Associa1ion
Singapore Chinese Chamber or Commerce
SCJI' Sin CIU'u, Jir l'oh
SCMC Singapore Chinese l\fobilization Council
SCRFC Singapore China Relicr Fund Commi11ec
SCRFU Southscns China Rclicr Fund Union
SIS Special lnvcs1iga1ion Services
SKMP Sin A'uo Mm Press
SMCIYC San Min Chu I You1h Corps
SPR Si11ga1>ore Political Rt•port
SS Straits Sculemcnls
SSGG S1rairs Seuh•m,•111:i· Gun•r11111,•111 Ga:t'IIC'
ST S1rairs T111u•s
TMH T'ung t\fong Mui (1he Revolutionary League)
UMNO United Malars National Organization
UMS Unfodcratcd Malay States
WIR Weekly Intelligence Review
WO War Office
YKP l'ik Kh11a11 Poli