The Kapalikas and Kalamukhas: Two Lost Saivite Sects

257 Pages·1991·9.091 MB·English

by  David N. Lorenzen

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Two Lost Saivite Sects
DAVID N. LORENZEN

THE KÄPÄLIKAS
AND
KALAMUKHAS
TWO LOST SAIVITE SECTS
David N. Lorenzen
MOTILAL BANARSIDASS PUBLISHERS PVT. LTD
D elhi
First Edition : 1972
,
Second Revised Edition: Delhi 1991
© D. N. Lorenzen 1972
ISBN: 81-208-0708-1
Also available at:
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CONTENTS
Page
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS vii
PREFACE TO THB SECOND EDITION ix
PREFACE xi
CHAPTER I FOUR SAIVITE SECTS I
Brahmci'Sutra Commentaries
Puranas and Other Sources
CHAPTER II KAPALIKA SOURCES 13
Early Sources 13
Kapalika Epigraphy 24
Saipkaracarya and the Kapalikas 31
Samkara and Ugra-Bhairava 32
Saipkara and Krakaca 39
Saipkara and Unmatta-Bhairava 46
Kapalikas in Sanskrit Drama 48
Miscellaneous Later Sources 62
CHAPTER III KAPALIKA CULT AND DOCTRINE 73
The Mahavrata 73
Somasiddhanta 82
Kapalika Bhakti 83
CHAPTER IV KALAMUKHAS OF THE ¿AKTI-PARISAD 97
Preliminary 97
The Muvara-kopeya-saiptati 99
Other Divisions of the Parvatavali 130
The Bhujangavali 138
CHAPTER V OTHER KALAMUKHA PRIESTHOODS 141
The Simha-pari?ad 141
Other Kalamukha Inscriptions 146
Shimoga District 146
Belgaum District 150
Bellary District 153
Bijapur District 155
Dharwar District 157
Chikmagalur (Kadur) District 157
Chitradurga (Chitaldrug) District 158
Hassan District 158
Kolar and Tumkur Districts 160
The Kriyâéaktis of Vijayanagar 161
Andhra Pradesh and Madras 165
Kälämukhas and VIrasaivas 167
CHAPTER VI LAKULÎSa and THE PÂéUPATAS 173
BIBLIOGRAPHY 193
INDEX 203
APPBNDIXBS 215
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
ABORI Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute [Poona].
ARMAD Annual Report of the Mysore Archaeological Department.
BSOS Bulletin of the School of Oriental Studies [London].
CII Corpus* Inscriplionum Indicarum.
EC Epigraphia Carnatica.
El Epigraphia Indica.
ERE Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics, ed. James Hastings.
GSS Gorak$a-siddhdnta-sarfigraha, ed. G.N. Kaviraja.
HAS Hyderabad Archaeological Series.
HDS History of Dharmasastra by P.V. Kane.
HTR Harvard Theological Review.
IA♦ Indian Antiquary.
IHQ Indian Historical Quarterly [Calcutta].
I1J IndO'Iranian Journal [The Hague].
JAnSB Journal of the Anthropological Society of Bombay.
JAOS Journal of the American Oriental Society.
JBBRAS Journal of the Bombay Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society.
JBRS Journal of the Bihar Research Society.
JGRS Journal of the Gujarat Research Society.
JIH Journal of Indian History [Trivandrum].
JO IB Journal of the Oriental Institute, Baroda.
JORM Journal of Oriental Research, Madras.
JRAS Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society [London].
JRASB Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Bengal.
QJMS Quarterly Journal of the Mythic Society [Bangalore].
SBE Sacred Books of the East, ed. F. Max Muller.
S1I South Indian Inscriptions.
TAS Travancore Archaeological Series.

PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION
Although The Kdpdlikas and Kaldmukhas has become recognized as
a standard work on these two Saivite sects of medieval India, it has never
had an adequate distribution in India, despite the fact that it was originally
jointly published both in India and the U.S.A. by Thompson Press and
the University of California Press respectively. Hopefully this new edition
by Motilal Banarsidass will largely solve this problem. The new edition
also gives me the opportunity to present two new appendices that
summarize the discoveries relevant to these sects and the analyses of them
that other scholars have made since the book’s original publication in
1972. Except for a few minor corrections, the original text of the book
remains intact. The new material described and discussed in the two new
appendices has not been integrated into the bibliography and index, but
extensive cross-references are included in the notes to the appendices
as well as complete biographical citations. The photograph on the dust
jacket of this new edition is of a standing sculpture of Lakullsa found
at Alampur, (Mehabubnagar, A.P.) lOih-1 lih century. The photo archives
of the American Institute of Indian Studies in Ramnagar, Varanasi, kindly
supplied the original photograph.
New Delhi David N. Lorcnzcn
April, 1990