The Jungle (Webster's Thesaurus Edition)

491 Pages·2006·3.97 MB·English

by  Upton Sinclair

THE JUNGLE

Webster’s Thesaurus Edition for PSAT®, SAT®, GRE®, LSAT®,
GMAT®, and AP® English Test Preparation

Upton Sinclair

PSAT is a registered trademark of the College Entrance Examination Board and the National Merit
Scholarship Corporation neither of which sponsors or endorses this book; SAT is a registered
trademark of the College Board which neither sponsors nor endorses this book; GRE, AP and
Advanced Placement are registered trademarks of the Educational Testing Service which neither
sponsors nor endorses this book, GMAT is a registered trademark of the Graduate Management
Admissions Council which is neither affiliated with this book nor endorses this book, LSAT is a
registered trademark of the Law School Admissions Council which neither sponsors nor endorses this
product. All rights reserved.
The Jungle

Webster’s Thesaurus Edition for PSAT®, SAT®, GRE®, LSAT®,
GMAT®, and AP® English Test Preparation

Upton Sinclair

PSAT® is a registered trademark of the College Entrance Examination Board and the National Merit
Scholarship Corporation neither of which sponsors or endorses this book; SAT® is a registered
trademark of the College Board which neither sponsors nor endorses this book; GRE®, AP® and
Advanced Placement® are registered trademarks of the Educational Testing Service which neither
sponsors nor endorses this book, GMAT® is a registered trademark of the Graduate Management
Admissions Council which is neither affiliated with this book nor endorses this book, LSAT® is a
registered trademark of the Law School Admissions Council which neither sponsors nor endorses
this product. All rights reserved.
ICON CLASSICS

Published by ICON Group International, Inc.
7404 Trade Street
San Diego, CA 92121 USA

www.icongrouponline.com

The Jungle: Webster’s Thesaurus Edition for PSAT®, SAT®, GRE®, LSAT®, GMAT®, and AP® English
Test Preparation

This edition published by ICON Classics in 2005
Printed in the United States of America.

Copyright ©2005 by ICON Group International, Inc.
Edited by Philip M. Parker, Ph.D. (INSEAD); Copyright ©2005, all rights reserved.

All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of it may be reproduced, stored in a
retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,
recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher.

Copying our publications in whole or in part, for whatever reason, is a violation of copyright laws
and can lead to penalties and fines. Should you want to copy tables, graphs, or other materials, please
contact us to request permission (E-mail: [email protected]). ICON Group often grants
permission for very limited reproduction of our publications for internal use, press releases, and
academic research. Such reproduction requires confirmed permission from ICON Group
International, Inc.

PSAT® is a registered trademark of the College Entrance Examination Board and the
National Merit Scholarship Corporation neither of which sponsors or endorses this book;
SAT® is a registered trademark of the College Board which neither sponsors nor endorses
this book; GRE®, AP® and Advanced Placement® are registered trademarks of the
Educational Testing Service which neither sponsors nor endorses this book, GMAT® is a
registered trademark of the Graduate Management Admissions Council which is neither
affiliated with this book nor endorses this book, LSAT® is a registered trademark of the Law
School Admissions Council which neither sponsors nor endorses this product. All rights
reserved.

ISBN 0-497-25329-1
iii

Contents

PREFACE FROM THE EDITOR..........................................................................................1

CHAPTER 1......................................................................................................................3

CHAPTER 2....................................................................................................................23

CHAPTER 3....................................................................................................................35

CHAPTER 4....................................................................................................................49

CHAPTER 5....................................................................................................................63

CHAPTER 6....................................................................................................................75

CHAPTER 7....................................................................................................................85

CHAPTER 8....................................................................................................................97

CHAPTER 9..................................................................................................................105

CHAPTER 10.................................................................................................................115

CHAPTER 11.................................................................................................................127

CHAPTER 12.................................................................................................................137

CHAPTER 13.................................................................................................................145

CHAPTER 14.................................................................................................................155

CHAPTER 15.................................................................................................................163

CHAPTER 16.................................................................................................................179

CHAPTER 17.................................................................................................................189

CHAPTER 18.................................................................................................................201

CHAPTER 19.................................................................................................................213

CHAPTER 20.................................................................................................................225

CHAPTER 21.................................................................................................................237

CHAPTER 22.................................................................................................................249

CHAPTER 23.................................................................................................................261

CHAPTER 24.................................................................................................................273

CHAPTER 25.................................................................................................................287

CHAPTER 26.................................................................................................................309

CHAPTER 27.................................................................................................................329

CHAPTER 28.................................................................................................................345

CHAPTER 29.................................................................................................................361

CHAPTER 30.................................................................................................................371

CHAPTER 31.................................................................................................................385
GLOSSARY...................................................................................................................405
Upton Sinclair 1

PREFACE FROM THE EDITOR

Designed for school districts, educators, and students seeking to maximize performance on
standardized tests, Webster’s paperbacks take advantage of the fact that classics are frequently
assigned readings in English courses. By using a running thesaurus at the bottom of each page, this
edition of The Jungle by Upton Sinclair was edited for students who are actively building their
vocabularies in anticipation of taking PSAT®, SAT®, AP® (Advanced Placement®), GRE®,
LSAT®, GMAT® or similar examinations.1

Webster’s edition of this classic is organized to expose the reader to a maximum number of
synonyms and antonyms for difficult and often ambiguous English words that are encountered in
other works of literature, conversation, or academic examinations. Extremely rare or idiosyncratic
words and expressions are given lower priority in the notes compared to words which are “difficult,
and often encountered” in examinations. Rather than supply a single synonym, many are provided
for a variety of meanings, allowing readers to better grasp the ambiguity of the English language,
and avoid using the notes as a pure crutch. Having the reader decipher a word’s meaning within
context serves to improve vocabulary retention and understanding. Each page covers words not
already highlighted on previous pages. If a difficult word is not noted on a page, chances are that it
has been highlighted on a previous page. A more complete thesaurus is supplied at the end of the
book; Synonyms and antonyms are extracted from Webster’s Online Dictionary.

Definitions of remaining terms as well as translations can be found at www.websters-online-
dictionary.org. Please send suggestions to [email protected]

The Editor
Webster’s Online Dictionary
www.websters-online-dictionary.org
1 P S A T ® i s a r e g i s t e r e d t r a d e m a r k o f t h e College Entrance Examination Board and the National Merit
Scholarship Corporation neither of which sponsors or endorses this book; SAT® is a registered
trademark of the College Board which neither sponsors nor endorses this book; GRE®, AP® and
Advanced Placement® are registered trademarks of the Educational Testing Service which neither
sponsors nor endorses this book, GMAT® is a registered trademark of the Graduate Management
Admissions Council which is neither affiliated with this book nor endorses this book, LSAT® is a
registered trademark of the Law School Admissions Council which neither sponsors nor endorses
this product. All rights reserved.

Upton Sinclair 3

CHAPTER 1

It was four o'clock when the ceremony was over and the carriages began to
arrive. There had been a crowd following all the way, owing to the exuberance
of Marija Berczynskas. The occasion rested heavily upon Marija's broad
shoulders—it was her task to see that all things went in due form, and after the
best home traditions; and, flying wildly hither and thither, bowling every one
out of the way, and scolding and exhorting all day with her tremendous voice,
Marija was too eager to see that others conformed to the proprieties to consider
them herself. She had left the church last of all, and, desiring to arrive first at the
hall, had issued orders to the coachman to drive faster. When that personage
had developed a will of his own in the matter, Marija had flung up the window
of the carriage, and, leaning out, proceeded to tell him her opinion of him, first in
Lithuanian, which he did not understand, and then in Polish, which he did.
Having the advantage of her in altitude, the driver had stood his ground and
even ventured to attempt to speak; and the result had been a furious altercation,
which, continuing all the way down Ashland Avenue, had added a new swarm
of urchins to the cortege at each side street for half a mile.%
This was unfortunate, for already there was a throng before the door. The
music had started up, and half a block away you could hear the dull "broom,
broom" of a cello, with the squeaking of two fiddles which vied with each other
in intricate and altitudinous gymnastics. Seeing the throng, Marija abandoned

Thesaurus
altercation: (n, v) quarrel, squabble; (n) gathering; (n, v) procession; (v) scolding: (n) rebuke, lecture,
affray, scrap, fight, hassle, cavalcade, caravan; (adj) rank and castigation, admonition, reproof,
disagreement, fracas, strife, file. objurgation, chiding, dressing,
controversy, contest. ANTONYMS: desiring: (adj) envious, insatiable, jobation, scold, rating. ANTONYMS:
(n) union, harmony, concord, desirous, eager; (adv) fleshly. (n) compliment, approval.
agreement, unity, consensus. hither: (adv) here, whither, squeaking: (adj) creaking, screaky,
altitudinous: (adj) high, higher, tall. hitherward, thither. screechy, squeaky, squealing, creaky;
carriages: (n) carriage. personage: (n) person, notable, (n) squeak.
conformed: (adj) meet, accurate, celebrity, personality, individual, thither: (adv) hither, whither, on that
bestowed. bigwig, figure, somebody, human, point, in that respect, at that place, in
cortege: (adj, n) retinue; (n) suite, character, being. that location; (adj) further, ulterior,
escort, entourage, train, court, proprieties: (n) custom. remoter, succeeding, more distant.
4 The Jungle
precipitately the debate concerning the ancestors of her coachman, and,
springing from the moving carriage, plunged in and proceeded to clear a way to
the hall. Once within, she turned and began to push the other way, roaring,
meantime, "Eik! Eik! Uzdaryk-duris!" in tones which made the orchestral uproar
sound like fairy music.%
"Z. Graiczunas, Pasilinksminimams darzas. Vynas. Sznapsas. Wines and
Liquors. Union Headquarters"—that was the way the signs ran. The reader,
who perhaps has never held much converse in the language of far-off Lithuania,
will be glad of the explanation that the place was the rear room of a saloon in
that part of Chicago known as "back of the yards." This information is definite
and suited to the matter of fact; but how pitifully inadequate it would have
seemed to one who understood that it was also the supreme hour of ecstasy in
the life of one of God's gentlest creatures, the scene of the wedding feast and the
joy-transfiguration of little Ona Lukoszaite!
She stood in the doorway, shepherded by Cousin Marija, breathless from
pushing through the crowd, and in her happiness painful to look upon. There
was a light of wonder in her eyes and her lids trembled, and her otherwise wan
little face was flushed. She wore a muslin dress, conspicuously white, and a stiff
little veil coming to her shoulders. There were five pink paper roses twisted in
the veil, and eleven bright green rose leaves. There were new white cotton
gloves upon her hands, and as she stood staring about her she twisted them
together feverishly. It was almost too much for her—you could see the pain of
too great emotion in her face, and all the tremor of her form. She was so young—
not quite sixteen—and small for her age, a mere child; and she had just been
married—and married to Jurgis, of all men, to Jurgis Rudkus, he with the white
flower in the buttonhole of his new black suit, he with the mighty shoulders and
the giant hands.
Ona was blue-eyed and fair, while Jurgis had great black eyes with beetling
brows, and thick black hair that curled in waves about his ears—in short, they
were one of those incongruous and impossible married couples with which
Mother Nature so often wills to confound all prophets, before and after. Jurgis

Thesaurus
beetling: (adj) soaring, prominent, confound: (v) bewilder, baffle, pitifully: (adv) sadly, piteously,
protrusive, projecting, towering; (v) nonplus, perplex, astonish, puzzle, wretchedly, sorrily, touchingly,
overhanging, jutting over. amaze, astound, mistake; (adj, v) distressingly, poorly, meanly,
blue-eyed: (adj) pet, favorite, precious, confuse, stupefy. ANTONYMS: (v) movingly, ruefully, woefully.
pure, dear. explain, clarify, comfort, lose, ANTONYMS: (adv) cheerfully,
buttonhole: (v) accost, solicit, besiege, distinguish; (n) understanding. happily.
intercept, harangue, detain, lobby; (n) feverishly: (adv) excitedly, hotly, precipitately: (adv) rashly,
bouquet, button hole, posy, bunch. febrilely, hecticly, feverously, immediately, instantly, passionately,
coachman: (n) teamster, cabman, hysterically, passionately, frantically, rapidly, precipitously, impetuously,
charioteer, carter, carman, Jehu, fanatically, heatedly, frenziedly. impulsively, foolhardily,
postboy, drayman, wagoner, ANTONYMS: (adv) indifferently, prematurely; (adj, adv) headlong.
postilion; (v) whip. peacefully, sluggishly. ANTONYM: (adv) deliberately.
Upton Sinclair 5
could take up a two-hundred-and-fifty-pound quarter of beef and carry it into a
car without a stagger, or even a thought; and now he stood in a far corner,
frightened as a hunted animal, and obliged to moisten his lips with his tongue
each time before he could answer the congratulations of his friends.%
Gradually there was effected a separation between the spectators and the
guests—a separation at least sufficiently complete for working purposes. There
was no time during the festivities which ensued when there were not groups of
onlookers in the doorways and the corners; and if any one of these onlookers
came sufficiently close, or looked sufficiently hungry, a chair was offered him,
and he was invited to the feast. It was one of the laws of the veselija that no one
goes hungry; and, while a rule made in the forests of Lithuania is hard to apply
in the stockyards district of Chicago, with its quarter of a million inhabitants, still
they did their best, and the children who ran in from the street, and even the
dogs, went out again happier. A charming informality was one of the
characteristics of this celebration. The men wore their hats, or, if they wished,
they took them off, and their coats with them; they ate when and where they
pleased, and moved as often as they pleased. There were to be speeches and
singing, but no one had to listen who did not care to; if he wished, meantime, to
speak or sing himself, he was perfectly free. The resulting medley of sound
distracted no one, save possibly alone the babies, of which there were present a
number equal to the total possessed by all the guests invited. There was no other
place for the babies to be, and so part of the preparations for the evening
consisted of a collection of cribs and carriages in one corner. In these the babies
slept, three or four together, or wakened together, as the case might be. Those
who were still older, and could reach the tables, marched about munching
contentedly at meat bones and bologna sausages.
The room is about thirty feet square, with whitewashed walls, bare save for a
calendar. a picture of a race horse, and a family tree in a gilded frame. To the
right there is a door from the saloon, with a few loafers in the doorway, and in
the corner beyond it a bar, with a presiding genius clad in soiled white, with
waxed black mustaches and a carefully oiled curl plastered against one side of

Thesaurus
clad: (adj) dressed, attired, clothed, informality: (n) familiarity, onlookers: (n) attendance, gallery.
coated, garbed; (n) cladding; (prep) casualness, anomaly, freedom, soiled: (adj) grubby, dirty, nasty,
gowned; (v) costume, shod, dress, evasion, failure, easiness, intimacy, grimy, unclean, filthy, muddy, black,
attire. ANTONYMS: (adj) undressed, unceremoniousness; (adj) illegality, mucky, polluted, foul. ANTONYMS:
unclothed. unlawfulness. ANTONYMS: (n) (adj) pure, immaculate.
contentedly: (adv) gladly, satisfiedly, formality, reserve. stagger: (adj, adv, v) startle; (v)
contently, gratifiedly, pleasedly, moisten: (n, v) dampen; (v) water, astonish, reel, shock, hobble, shake,
cheerfully, joyfully, smugly, easily, wash, humidify, dip, sprinkle, soften, flounder, totter; (n, v) lurch, pitch;
complacently, placidly. soak, wet, drench, drizzle. (adj, v) flabbergast.
ANTONYMS: (adv) crossly, munching: (n) feeding. whitewashed: (adj) overpowered,
awkwardly, unhappily, oiled: (adj) intoxicated, oily. overcome, crushed, conquered,
discontentedly, sadly. ANTONYM: (adj) unoiled. beaten, routed, painted.