Table Of Content© 2018, Otto Harrassowitz GmbH & Co. KG, Wiesbaden
ISBN Print: 9783447111218 — ISBN E-Book: 9783447198080
FORSCHUNGEN ZUR GESCHICHTE DER JUDEN
Schriftenreihe der
Gesellschaft zur Erforschung der Geschichte der Juden e. V.
und des Arye Maimon-Instituts für Geschichte der Juden
Herausgegeben von
Alfred Haverkamp und Sabine Ullmann
in Verbindung mit
Andreas Brämer, Christoph Cluse,
Johannes Hahn und Franz Irsigler
Abteilung A: Abhandlungen
Band 27
2018
.
Harrassowitz Verlag Wiesbaden
© 2018, Otto Harrassowitz GmbH & Co. KG, Wiesbaden
ISBN Print: 9783447111218 — ISBN E-Book: 9783447198080
The Jews of Europe around 1400
Disruption, Crisis, and Resilience
Edited by
Lukas Clemens and Christoph Cluse
2018
.
Harrassowitz Verlag Wiesbaden
© 2018, Otto Harrassowitz GmbH & Co. KG, Wiesbaden
ISBN Print: 9783447111218 — ISBN E-Book: 9783447198080
Umschlagbild:
Siegel der Augsburger Judengemeinde, erstmals 1298 bezeugt. Die Umschrift lautet: S[igillum]
IVDEORVM AVGVSTÆ/[קרופ]שוא להק םתוח.
Reproduziert mit Genehmigung der Fürstlichen Domänenkanzlei Hohenlohe-Waldenburg.
Der Sammelband ist in der DFG-Forschergruppe 2529 »Resilienz« an der Universität Trier
entstanden und wurde auf deren Veranlassung unter Verwendung der ihr von der Deutschen
Forschungsgemeinschaft zur Verfügung gestellten Mittel gedruckt.
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© 2018, Otto Harrassowitz GmbH & Co. KG, Wiesbaden
ISBN Print: 9783447111218 — ISBN E-Book: 9783447198080
Contents
European Jewry around : Disruption, Crisis, and Resilience –
Problems and Research Perspectives
Lukas Clemens and Christoph Cluse ........................................... .
Iudei ... reversi sunt: Zur Reorganisation jüdischen Lebens in
Aschkenas nach
Michael Schlachter ...........................................................
Life and Livelihood at Risk: Strategies of Ashkenazi Jews Facing
the Threats of the s and s
Andreas Weber ...............................................................
Kaufmann von Speyer und die Burg Spangenberg: Ein Fall individueller
Resilienz im späten . Jahrhundert
Jörg R. Müller ................................................................
The ‘Imagined Communities’ of Yom T.ov Lipman Mühlhausen:
Heresy and Communal Boundaries in Sefer Niz.z.ah.on
Milan Žonca ................................................................
Die jiddischen Texte über die Wiener Gesera von /
Simon Neuberg .............................................................
Ashkenazi Immigrants in Northern Italy and their Relations
with the Italian Jewish Population, c.–
Alessandra Veronese .........................................................
© 2018, Otto Harrassowitz GmbH & Co. KG, Wiesbaden
ISBN Print: 9783447111218 — ISBN E-Book: 9783447198080
VI
The Migration of German Jews into Italy and the Emergence
of Local Rites of Seli h.ot Recitation
Lucia Raspe .................................................................
German Jews and Ashkenazi Ideas in Venetian Crete
Rena Lauer ..................................................................
Crise de ? Crise de ? Les juifs et la mauvaise réputation
dans les conflits sociaux autour de
Claude Denjean .............................................................
Paul de Burgos et Profiat Duran déchiffrent
Maurice Kriegel .............................................................
The Jews of Marseilles around : Crisis of Decline or
Crisis of Adjustments?
Juliette Sibon ...............................................................
Index of personal names and place-names ....................................
© 2018, Otto Harrassowitz GmbH & Co. KG, Wiesbaden
ISBN Print: 9783447111218 — ISBN E-Book: 9783447198080
Preface
In July , a research group on ‘Resilience: Phases of Societal Upheaval in Dia-
logue between Medieval Studies and Sociology’, funded by the German Research
Association (DFG), was inaugurated at the University of Trier. This research group
examines social upheavals between the thirteenth and sixteenth centuries and in-
vestigates whether and how the concept of resilience, initially tailored to examine
potentials of coping, adaptation and transformation in contemporary societies, can
be transferred to analyses in the Humanities and in Sociology concerning historical
constellations. At the same time, the group explores the question whether the
empirical and conceptual results of such analyses can be applied to the formation of
a typology and the development of a theory relevant for both historical and con-
temporary issues. A key element of the research group’s approach is to view ‘re-
silience’ not as a property but as a heuristics for examining social processes.
The research group research group consists of six individual projects involving
sixteen researchers. One of the projects was designed by the two editors of this
volume. It is concerned with the options of agency and the resilience strategies of
the Jewish religious minority in Ashkenaz during the later medieval period, i.e., the
decades after the disruptive persecutions of the mid-fourteenth century. The pro-
ject examines the structual conditions, constellations of agents, and precise actions
that were needed to secure acceptable conditions for the mid- and long-term con-
tinuation of Jewish life in a Christian environment. We think that this focus will
help overcome old stereotypes relating to Jews as well as to the later Middle Ages as
a period of general ‘crisis’ and decline.
The present collection is based on the proceedings of the international con-
ference, ‘Europas Juden um : Brüche, Krisen und Resilenz’, gathered at Trier
University from September to October, , in preparation of the research
group. The introduction and the paper by Michael Schlachter also reflect some of
the experience gained during the first year of our project work. On this occasion,
we would like to thank all contributors to the present volume as well as those other
scholars who helped sharpen our understanding of the issues in discussions at the
conference and who are not represented here with papers of their own: Ram
Ben-Shalom (Jerusalem), Javier Castaño (Madrid), Jörn R. Christophersen (Trier),
Christoph Dartmann (Hamburg), Eva Doležalová (Prague), Alfred Haverkamp
(Trier), Eva Haverkamp (Munich), Christian Jörg (Tübingen), Martin Przybilski
© 2018, Otto Harrassowitz GmbH & Co. KG, Wiesbaden
ISBN Print: 9783447111218 — ISBN E-Book: 9783447198080
VIII
(Trier) and Israel J. Yuval (Jerusalem). More recently, the work of the ‘Resilience’
research group has also contributed to this volume. In particular, Martin Endreß
and Benjamin Rampp (Trier) have helped us dealing with some of the theoretical
issues.
We are also grateful to the great team of the Forschungszentrum Europa of Trier
University for their support in organizing the conference as well as for helping to
get the successful research group application under way. In particular, we would
like to single out Dr Gisela Minn in this context. Some of our graduate and under-
graduate students have helped in the smooth running of the conference, including
Sarah Jochum (Trier), Andreas Lehnertz (now in Jerusalem), Daniel Schneider
(Trier), and David Schnur (now in Schwäbisch-Gmünd). Ivo Köth and Johanna
Kappen have assisted in compiling the index to the collection.
It is our honourable obligation to thank Professors Sabine Ullmann (Eichstätt)
and Alfred Haverkamp (Trier) as well as the other editors of the Forschungen zur
Geschichte der Juden series for their close reading of this book and for numerous im-
provements they suggested. We also gratefully acknowledge the financial support
by the German Research Foundation (DFG) towards printing the volume. Michael
Fröhlich of the Harrassowitz publishing house has efficiently seen the book through
the final stages of its production.
For us, the work on this collection has been highly stimulating. We hope that
the reader will find it useful and thought-provoking, too.
Lukas Clemens and Christoph Cluse
© 2018, Otto Harrassowitz GmbH & Co. KG, Wiesbaden
ISBN Print: 9783447111218 — ISBN E-Book: 9783447198080
European Jewry around : Disruption, Crisis, and
Resilience—Problems and Research Perspectives
Lukas Clemens and Christoph Cluse
Introduction
Thirty years ago Israel J. Yuval, in his book on The Religious Leadership of German
Jewry in the Late Middle Ages, has first drawn attention to a passage in the book
Hadrat Qodesh, composed by an Ashkenazi Jew named Shim‘on b. Shmu‘el in Re-
gensburg. The main part of the text was completed in March . Looking back
over the recent months, Shim‘on wrote the following:
Four miracles the Holy One, blessed be He, performed on us this year. The first
miracle: This is the fiftieth year after the great persecutions, and it is written in their
manners that they murder Jews every fifty years. The second miracle is that a sect of
several thousand people arose, all signed with the cross on white garments, and they
raised a banner and wanted to kill Jews. The third miracle is that the sect of the Gei-
seler [i.e., of flagellants] emerged; they, too, made a banner for themselves and wanted
to kill Jews. The fourth is that the shameful king proceeded against us for some years,
and God has delivered us from all this in his mercy and boundless grace.1
1 רשא תולודג תוריזג רחא 'נ תנש התייהש ,ןושארה סנה :הנשה הזב ךרבתי םשה ונל השע םיסנ עברא יכ
דגבב םלוכל התייה םינמיס ,םיפלא המכ תכ ודמעש ,ינישה סנה .הנש 'נ לכ לארשי יאנוש גורהל םהיסומינ בותכ
יאנוש גורהל םתעדו ,לגד ושע םגו ,רלזייג תכ ידודג ואצי ,ישילשה סנה .לארשי יאנוש גורהל וצרו לגד ושעו ,ןבל
םילודגה וידסח בורבו וימחרב [ו]דימ ונליצה םשהו םינש המכ ונילע דמע רשא ,המילכ ךלמ ,יעיברה סנה .לארשי
ןמא ודסח ןעמל וימחר בורב דימת ונליצי ןכו .םימוצעהו; Israel J. Yuval, Scholars in their Time: The
Religious Leadership of German Jewry in the Late Middle Ages (Jerusalem: Magnes, ),
pp. – (in Hebrew); cf. id., ‘Magie und Kabbala unter den Juden im Deutschland des
ausgehenden Mittelalters’, in Judentum im deutschen Sprachraum, ed. by Karl E. Grözinger
(Frankfurt a. M.: Suhrkamp, ), pp. –, at p. (with a German translation). On this
© 2018, Otto Harrassowitz GmbH & Co. KG, Wiesbaden
ISBN Print: 9783447111218 — ISBN E-Book: 9783447198080
