Table Of ContentThe Islamic World in International Relations
STUDIES IN POLITICS, SECURITY AND
SOCIETY
Edited by Stanisław Sulowski
Faculty of Political Science and International Studies
University of Warsaw
VOLUME 24
STUDIES IN POLITICS, SECURITY AND Sylwester Gardocki / Rafa O arowski / Rafa Ulatowski
SOCIETY (eds.)
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Edited by Stanisław Sulowski
Faculty of Political Science and International Studies
University of Warsaw
The Islamic World in
VOLUME 24
International Relations
Bibliographic Information published by the Deutsche
Nationalbibliothek
The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in
the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic
data is available in the internet at http://dnb.d-nb.de.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
A CIP catalog record for this book has been applied for
at the Library of Congress.
This publication was financially supported by the Faculty of Political
Science and International Studies, University of Warsaw.
Printed by CPI books GmbH, Leck
ISSN 2199-028X
ISBN 978-3-631-78566-9 (Print)
E-ISBN 978-3-631-78675-8 (E-PDF)
E-ISBN 978-3-631-78676-5 (EPUB)
E-ISBN 978-3-631-78677-2 (MOBI)
DOI 10.3726/b15483
© Peter Lang GmbH
Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften
Berlin 2020
All rights reserved.
Peter Lang – Berlin ∙ Bern ∙ Bruxelles ∙ New York ∙Oxford ∙ Warszawa ∙ Wien
All parts of this publication are protected by copyright. Any
utilisation outside the strict limits of the copyright law, without
the permission of the publisher, is forbidden and liable to
prosecution. This applies in particular to reproductions,
translations, microfilming, and storage and processing in
electronic retrieval systems.
This publication has been peer reviewed.
www.peterlang.com
Bibliographic Information published by the Deutsche
Nationalbibliothek Contents
The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in
the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic
data is available in the internet at http://dnb.d-nb.de.
Introduction ........................................................................................................... 7
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
A CIP catalog record for this book has been applied for Part I – International Security
at the Library of Congress.
Muzaffer Kural
Geopolitical Rivalry between Saudi Arabia and Iran in the Middle East ...... 11
This publication was financially supported by the Faculty of Political
Science and International Studies, University of Warsaw. Subtain Hussain Shah
Comparative Study of Post-9/11 and Post-Arab Spring Rise of Violent
Religious Extremism in Pakistan ........................................................................ 27
Part II – Foreign Policy
Printed by CPI books GmbH, Leck
Radosław Fiedler
ISSN 2199-028X From Sanctions to War? Nothing New in the US’ Policy towards Iran
ISBN 978-3-631-78566-9 (Print) since 1979 ............................................................................................................... 43
E-ISBN 978-3-631-78675-8 (E-PDF)
E-ISBN 978-3-631-78676-5 (EPUB) Rafał Ożarowski
E-ISBN 978-3-631-78677-2 (MOBI) What Is the Other Side of the Coin? Re-imposition of U.S. Sanctions
DOI 10.3726/b15483 on Iran ..................................................................................................................... 61
© Peter Lang GmbH
Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften Hadi Ajili, Mohammed Oliaei, and Javad Nori
Berlin 2020 The Review of Stabilizing and Crisis Building of Iran and Saudi Arabia
All rights reserved. in Middle East ........................................................................................................ 75
Adam Szymański
Peter Lang – Berlin ∙ Bern ∙ Bruxelles ∙ New York ∙Oxford ∙ Warszawa ∙ Wien
“Domestication” of the Middle Eastern Policy of Turkey ................................ 93
All parts of this publication are protected by copyright. Any
utilisation outside the strict limits of the copyright law, without Sylwester Gardocki
the permission of the publisher, is forbidden and liable to Russian Contemporary Policy towards Syria .................................................... 117
prosecution. This applies in particular to reproductions,
translations, microfilming, and storage and processing in
Hana N. Hlaváčková
electronic retrieval systems.
EU Small States and Their Fight against IS ........................................................ 129
This publication has been peer reviewed.
Jiří Zákravský
www.peterlang.com
Sports Diplomacy of the State of Qatar and Its (Lack of) Success in the
Czech Republic: Analysis of the Czech Nationwide Press in 2016 ................. 143
6 Contents
Part III – Economy and Energy Policy
Rafał Ulatowski
The Paradox of the Shale Oil Market. The Middle East and the Global
Oil Market .............................................................................................................. 159
Fazli Doğan and Erdem Özlük
Success of Integration Initiatives in the Islamic World: The Case of D-8 ...... 185
Iwona Sobol and Gabriela Mieczkowska
Islamic Banking Development in GCC Region on the Examples of the
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates ............................... 207
Martina Ponížilová
China’s Risk-Averse Middle East Policy: Protecting Economic Interests
While Staying Out of Conflicts ............................................................................ 223
Part IV – Regional Studies
Yuriy Skorokhod
“Consociational Democracy”: The Model of the Democratization of
Deeply Divided Arab Societies? .......................................................................... 239
Vladimír Naxera
“Islamophobia without Muslims”: Anti-Muslim and anti-Arab
Attitudes in Czech Society (Introductory Remarks) ........................................ 251
Magdalena Ickiewicz-Sawicka
Balkan Muslims – Origin, Structure, Identity ................................................... 269
List of Figures ......................................................................................................... 281
List of Tables ........................................................................................................... 283
Note of Authors ..................................................................................................... 285
Introduction
The Definition of Islamic World encompasses variable areas, basically inhabited
by Muslims and represented by Muslims states. However, it also includes Muslims
living in non-Muslim states considered religious minorities or refugees and even
relates to processes and phenomena connected to Islamic World even if they are
not a basic part of it. Thus the description ‘Islamic World’ is more complex and
multidimensional and cannot be considered only in the terms of geographical
area or Islam believers.
The presented book entitled Islamic World in International Relations edited by
Sylwester Gardocki, Rafał Ożarowski, and Rafał Ulatowski is the effect of work
of many scholars representing variable universities and research institutes. Thus,
in the book, the perspective on Islamic World dilemmas is not homogenous but
strongly diversified. It contributes a lot to understanding essence and specificity
of analyzed problems and phenomena in the book.
The book has been divided into four parts which refer to the basic categories
of research in international relations. First part consisting of two chapters relates
to the international security; second is dedicated to the foreign policy issues and
comprised of seven chapters and is the lengthiest part. The third part with four
chapters refers to economy and energy policy, and the last one is devoted to the
regional studies and consists of three chapters.
Chapters in the first part (1. Muzaffer Kural, Geopolitical Rivalry between
Saudi Arabia and Iran in the Middle East; 2. Subtain Hussain Shah, Comparative
Study of Post 9/11 and Post Arab Spring Rise of Violent Religious Extremism in
Pakistan) refer to variable topics in the sphere of international security in the
area of Islamic World, describing the issue of instability in the MENA region and
reasons and consequences of geopolitical rivalry between Iran and Saudi Arabia,
and finally the issue of religious extremism in Pakistan influenced by the events
in the ‘Arab World’ named Arab Spring or ‘Arab Revolutions’. Consequently,
authors of these chapters make us aware of huge instability in the whole Islamic
World and emphasize the issue of international security which is not restricted
to the selected areas but considered globally.
Chapters contained in the second part of the book (1. Radosław Fiedler,
From Sanctions to War? Nothing New in the United States’ Policy Towards Iran
Since 1979; 2. Rafał Ożarowski, Re-Imposition of U.S. Sanctions; 3. Hadi Ajili,
Mohammed Oliaei, Javad Nori, The Review of Stabilizing and Crisis Building of
Iran and Saudi Arabia in the Middle East; 4. Adam Szymański, “Domestication” of
8 Introduction
the Middle Eastern Policy of Turkey; 5. Sylwester Gardocki, Russian Contemporary
Policy Towards Syria; 6. Hana, EU Small States and Their Fight Against IS; 7. Jiří
Zákravský, Sports Diplomacy of the State of Qatar and Its (Lack of) Success in the
Czech Republic: Analysis of the Czech Nationwide Press in 2016) regard a wide-
range of topics. The biggest emphasis is put on the explanation of new era of
sanctions imposed by the USA on Iran in 2018 (Fiedler, Ożarowski). However,
the conflict in Syria take here also an important place in the terms of Russian
Foreign Policy (Gardocki) or Turkish Foreign Policy (Szymański). The issue
of “soft power” has been analyzed here in the case of Qatar (Zákravský) and
the inadequately marginalized EU small states policy in relation to the Middle
Eastern terrorist threat, what was equally explained (Hlaváčková).
Third part refers to economy and energy policy comprising of four chapters
(1. Rafał Ulatowski, The Paradox of the Shale Oil Market. The Middle East and the
Global Oil Market; 2. Fazli Doğan, Erdem Özlük, Success of Integration Initiatives
in the Islamic World: The Case of D-8; 3. Iwona Sobol, Gabriela Mieczkowska,
Islamic Banking Development in GCC Region on the Examples of the Kingdom
of Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates; 4. Martina Ponížilová, China´s
Risk-Averse Middle East Policy: Protecting Economic Interests while Staying Out
of Conflicts). Complex issues taken up in all chapters show how multileveled and
diverse is the sphere of economic relations including energy policy in the Islamic
World. Much emphasis has been put on the issue of oil shale market which is a
quite new challenge for the energy sector worldwide (Ulatowski).
The last part consists of three chapters (1. Yuriy Skorohod, “Consociational
Democracy”: The Model of the Democratization of Deeply Divided Arab Societies?
2. Vladimír Naxera, “Islamophobia Without Muslims”: Anti-Muslim and anti-
Arab Attitudes in Czech Society (Introductory Remarks); 3. Magdalena Ickiewicz-
Sawicka, Balkan Muslims – Origin, Structure, Identity) devoted to regional studies
in the context of Islamic issues – division of Arab society, Islamophobia, and the
specificity of Muslims in the Balkan region particularly.
Editors would like to thank all contributors for the publication and all people
engaged in work on this edition.
